• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.303-310
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• 2017

Purpose: This study observed the activity of trunk and lower limb muscles during a modified bridging exercise with various weight loads. Methods: The participants in this study consisted of 15 male adults. The muscle activity of the elector spinae, rectus abdominis, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior, and soleus muscles was measured with an EMG-8 system during a modified bridging exercise performed with various weight loads (indicated as percentage of body weight). Differences in muscle activity during the bridging exercise according to the weight load applied were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA, and post hoc analysis was performed using LSD. Statistical significance was accepted at a p-level of 0.05. Results: When the subjects performed the modified bridging exercise with various weight loads, the muscle activity of the gluteus maximus and vastus medialis peaked at a load of 0.5%. The activity of the gluteus medius showed a remarkable difference when the modified bridging exercise was performed at loads of 0% and 0.5%, 0% and 1%. In addition, the activity of the vastus medialis showed a remarkable difference between modified bridging exercises performed at a load of 0% and that performed at a load of 0.5%. Conclusion: The results suggest that performing modified bridging exercises with a load of 0.5% of body weight results in significant differences in the activity of the gluteus medius and vastus medialis muscles. Thus, it is suggested that performing the modified bridging exercise at 0.5% of body weight may selectively strengthen the gluteus medius and vastus medialis muscles.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.5-15
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• 2020

This paper proposes a revised Modified Cam Clay type failure surface based on the critical state theory. In the plane of the mean effective and von Mises stresses, the original Modified Cam Clay model has an elliptic failure surface which leads the critical-state mean effective stress to be always half of the pre-consolidation mean effective stress without hardening and evolution rules. This feature does not agree with the real mechanical response of clay. In this study, the preconsolidation mean effective stress only reflects the consolidation history of the clay whereas the critical state mean effective stress only relies on the currenct void ratio of clay. Therefore, the proposed failure surface has a distorted elliptic shape without any fixed ratio between the preconsolidation and critical state mean effective stresses. Numerical simulations for various clays using failure surfaces as yield surface provide mechanical responses similar to the experimental data.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2011

In this study, to obtain good dispersity of graphene which has excellent conductivity and mechanical strength, the graphene was modified by two different methods. Then the SPAES/graphene hybrid membranes were fabricated from different graphene contents. We compared performance of composite membrane with different preparing method of graphene and content of modified graphene. The morphology of the composite membranes has been investigated using SEM. Chemical structure of modified graphene was analyzed using by FT-IR and EDX. The proton conductivity and methanol permeability of the hybrid membranes were studied with changing graphene content from 0.5 to 3.0 wt.%. The SPAES/modified graphene composite membranes showed high proton conductivity (0.21 S/cm) compared with the SPAES membrane (0.09 S/cm) at $80^{\circ}C$ and 100% relative humidity condition. And the methanol permeability was decreased linearly as the content of modified graphene increased from 0 to 1.5 wt%.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.646-652
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• 2010

Gambejaeseup-tang (GBJST) have recently been used as an anti-obesity herbal medicine but their effect and mechanism of action have not been studied. We modified ingredients of GBJST based on the previous experiments about exploring herbs to suppress triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We investigated the effects of modified GBJST on energy, glucose and lipid homeostasis using female rats with diet-induced obesity and their action mechanism was also determined. Rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were divided into 3 groups: rats in each group received 0.2 or 2 g water extracts of modified GBJST (L-GBJST or H-GBJST) or 2 g cellulose per kg body weight (a negative control) on a daily basis. A further group was fed a low-fat diet (LFD) as a positive control. We found that modified GBJST dose-dependently decreased body weight and mesenteric and retroperitoneal fat more than the control. This decrease was due to the reduction in energy intake and the increase of energy expenditure. HFD increased fat oxidation more than LFD and modified GBJST further increased fat oxidation as a major energy source more than the control in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, H-GBJST improved glucose tolerance without changing serum insulin levels during an oral glucose tolerance test. H-GBJST also suppressed the increase of serum total and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels by HFD. In conclusion, modified GBJST have a good anti-obesity effect by decreasing energy intake and increasing energy expenditure mainly as fat in female rats with diet-induced obesity. It also improves glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.393-399
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• 2008

Purpose: Chronic infected wounds sustained over 4 weeks with exposed tendon or bone are difficult challenges to plastic surgeons. Vacuum assisted closure (VAC) device has been well used for the management of chronic wounds diminishing wound edema, reducing bacterial colonization, promoting formation of granulation tissue and local blood flow by negative pressure to wounds. But Commercial ready-made VAC device might have some difficulties to use because of its high expenses and heavy weight. So we modified traditional VAC device with silver dressing materials as topical therapeutic agents for control of superimposed bacterial wound infection such as MRSA, MRSE and peudomonas. Methods: We designed the modified VAC device using wall suction, 400 cc Hemovac and combined slow release silver dressing materials. We compared 5 consecutive patients' data treated by commercial ready-made VAC device(Group A) with 11 consecutive patients' data treated by modified VAC device combined with silver dressing materials(group B) from September 2004 to June 2007. Granulation tissue growth, wound discharge, wound culture and wound dressing expenses were compared between the two groups. Results: In comparison of results, no statistical differences were identified in reducing rate of wound size between group A and B. Wound discharge was significantly decreased in both groups. Modified VAC device with silver dressing materials showed advantages of convenience, cost effectiveness and bacterial reversion. Conclusion: In combination of modified VAC device and silver dressing materials, our results demonstrated the usefulness of managing chronic open wounds superimposed bacterial infection, cost effectiveness compared with traditional VAC device and improvement of patient mobility.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to assess sperm quality during in vitro storage of miniature-pig semen in order to determine which extender should be used and how extender can be diluted for in vitro storage of miniature-pig semen. Freshly ejaculated miniature-pig's semen was diluted with same volumes of Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS), Androhep, Modena, Mulberry III and modified-Modena extenders. Sperm quality was evaluated by examining viability, motility, abnormality, acrosome intactness, intensity and capacitation status by chlorotetracycline (CTC) staining. Sperm motility decreased with storage period prolonged and differences among BTS, Androhep, Modena and Mulberry III were apparent On Day 1, approximately 80% of the sperm were motile, but motility decreased to $40\%$ at Day 7. During the 7 days of storage, sperm survival in modified-Modena B extender was higher than another extenders. However, it was not differ significantly among other extenders. The percentage of F and B patterns were not differ significantly among the extenders. However, F pattern in modified-Modena B extender was slightly higher until 3 days of storage than that of Modena extender, modified-Modena A extender and modified-Modena C extender. The percentage of AR patterns in modified-Modena B extender was slightly lower, but did not differ significantly among other extenders. The results of present study suggest that modified-Modena B was effective as new extender for in vitro storage of miniature-pig semen.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2007

This study was performed to evaluate strength and watertightness properties of EVA modified high strength concrete in order to improve durability of concrete used in agricultural water utilization facilities that are in constant contact with water. Materials used were cement, coarse and fine aggregates, silica fume, EVA and AE water reducing agent. Tests for the slump, compressive and flexural strengths, absorption ratio and permeability coefficient according to curing condition (water and water+dry curing) and content ratio of EVA were performed. The slump results of EVA modified high strength concrete similarly showed in the content ratio of EVA powder less than 4% and decreased in the content ratio of EVA powder more than 6% compared to that of concrete without EVA powder. The compressive strength of EVA modified high strength concrete decreased with increasing the content ratio of EVA powder. The flexural strength of EVA modified high strength concrete increased with increasing the content ratio of EVA powder in the content ratio of EVA powder ratio less than 4% and had similar or slightly decreased in the content ratio of EVA powder more than 6% compared to that of concrete without EVA powder. The absorption ratio and permeability coefficient of EVA modified high strength concrete decreased with increasing the content ratio of EVA powder in the content ratio of EVA powder less than 4% and slightly increased in the content ratio of EVA powder more than 6%.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.87-92
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• 2010

This study evaluates the laboratory properties of asphalt binder and mixture modified with R-EPDM(Recycling Ethylene Propylene Dien Monometer), which consists of R-EPDM as a main ingredient that is an industrial by-product made by manufacturing waste EPDM below 50 mesh as an additive. Superpave system was used to determine the PG(Performane Grade) and evaluate the property of R-EPDM modified binder. OACs(Optimum Asphalt Contents) of R-EPDM modified asphalt mixtures were determined by Superpave mix design using gyratory compactor and wheel tracking test and moisture susceptibility test were carried out with R-EPDM modified asphalt mixtures at OACs. The results from these tests, rutting-resistance and freezing and thawing resistance by moisture susceptibility of R-EPDM modified asphalt mixtures were superior to one of general asphalt mixtures(AP-5).

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2012

This study was performed to design a modified Y-View as an imaging method for the Y-View in supine position for patients who requires Y-View imaging for the diagnosis of shoulder impingement syndrome but having trouble for the positioning of patients complaining of shoulder pain. On the result of comparative analysis of the images obtained by changing the lateral-medio degree of X-ray tube into $35^{\circ}$, $40^{\circ}$, and $45^{\circ}$ while patient is in supine position, $40^{\circ}$ of X-ray tube in lateral-medio direction produced the most valuable image for the diagnosis by best describing the shapes of acromion, clavicle space, and coracoacromial arch. Therefore, patients who have difficulty in Y-View position to obtain Y-View image, modified Y-View can be applied as a useful alternative method. By this study, various applications not only in shoulder impingement syndrome but also in diverse omarthralgia diseases are expected.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.324-329
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• 2019

Background Multiple approaches for nipple reconstruction exist, and none is considered superior to all others. The star flap is one of the most popular methods for nipple reconstruction, but gradual height loss is a major concern. We present a new modification of the star flap that incorporates a de-epithelialized dermal flap, along with the associated surgical results. Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent nipple reconstruction using the modified star flap method. The design was different from the conventional star flap in that the lateral wings were changed into a trapezoidal shape and de-epithelialized dermal flaps were added. The patients were followed up at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, and nipple height was measured. The postoperative nipple height achieved using the modified method was compared with that obtained using the traditional method. Results From February 2013 to June 2017, 32 patients received surgery using the modified star flap, and 18 patients who underwent nipple reconstruction before 2013 comprised the conventional method group. All patients had undergone breast reconstruction with an abdominal tissue-based flap. The mean follow-up period was 14.4 months in the modified method group and 17.3 months in the conventional method group. The mean maintenance of projection at 12 months postoperatively was $56.28%{\pm}18.58%$ in the modified method group, and $44.23%{\pm}14.15%$ in the conventional method group. This difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions The modified method using a de-epithelialized dermal flap provides reliable maintenance of projection in patients who have undergone abdominal tissue-based breast reconstruction.