• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.265-276
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• 2022

A long-term monitoring investigation at Sarushima Battery (Kanagawa, Japan), which is one of the modernization heritages was conducted from 2017.06 to 2020.12. The investigation of the temperature and relative humidity (RH), measurement of the amount of brick decay, and X-ray diffraction analysis of the brick decay was conducted to understand in detail the environment in which the historical brick structure, the state of deterioration, identify the factors of deterioration. Furthermore, it was discussed whether the suitability of these investigation methods for assessing the status, identifying the level of deterioration and the factors that led to deterioration at the historical brick heritages. It was found that the brick deterioration at the site progressed especially in two periods: in April, and from June to August. These periods coincided with the period when the RH inside the structure decreased, and the Toyo-gumi bricks were in the process of absorbing moisture. Several different types of salts were detected in brick decay, especially thenardite, which is considered highly hazardous and destructive during periods when the amount of brick decay increased. Therefore, the RH in the structure and the salts present in the bricks were identified as one of the factors in the deterioration of the bricks at the site. The methods used in this study are appropriate as the initial survey methods for investigating the current conditions and identifying the causes of deterioration because it is possible to understand the environment within the modernization heritages, grasp the details of deterioration progression, and identify the characteristics of deterioration progression and its factors through long-term investigation using the simple methods.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.51-58
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• 2022

The article emphasizes the features of the modern education system in Poland, reveals the peculiarities of improving the professional competence of a specialist in Poland through the implementation of multimedia technologies. Various forms of innovations implemented in improving the professional competence of a specialist are listed: improvement (rationalization), modernization, innovation. The forms of professional improvement through the introduction of computer technologies in general and multimedia technologies, in particular, primarily include various professional courses, qualification, preparatory, methodological conferences, seminars, postgraduate studies, foreign and state internships. At the same time, the main direction is self-education. The subject of professional improvement in the application of computer technologies by specialists is the updating of existing knowledge, exchange of professional experience, planning, as well as discussion of innovative works in which specialists participate. Professional growth of specialists can occur both during work and in higher education institutions during their studies. Modernization of computer technologies, especially multimedia ones, is a necessary condition for the functioning of specialists in modern society, since specialists are at the center of the educational process, during the improvement of professional competence. The main functions of the educational process necessary for improving the professional competence of specialists through the implementation of multimedia technologies are revealed. These functions not only contribute to the professional improvement of specialists, but also affect their solutions and optimize the maintenance of contacts between specialists. The importance of creating conditions that are consistent with the modern needs of innovative education is emphasized.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.177-192
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to define masculinity as a shilling concept, stemming from the process of power groups controlling the conscious and unconscious of human beings to diffuse their ideologies, and to examine how masculinity has been reflected in aesthetic images in men's bodies and fashion. As for the research methodology, literary research and demonstrative studies through the analysis of pictures and photos were undertaken. Emerging in the wake of the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, the absolute powers such as the bourgeois elite, males and the Wet emphasized the importance of reason, and made aesthetic images such as authority, robustness and modernization in men's fashion. In the conversion to the Information Society, poweres horizintally spread out over society. By using non-reason, diverse power groups have broken down traditional masculinity and express diverse aesthetic images in men's fashion such as eroticism, multi-culturalism and liberation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.86-89
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• 2001

Popular in the 1990s, Western Minimalism declined in popularity in the end of the century while the Oriental Mysticism and the Oriental Minimalism called “Zen Style” appeared. Fusion and Oriental Minimalism, both of which pursue traditional beauty and the essence of functionality and beauty, are combined with Japanese elements. As Oriental Minimalism is oriented towards Japan and China, we should consider the Japanese modernization process. Japan internationalized their own traditional elements after modernization. On the other hand, we only focus on tradition in a view of modernity, Japan developed their own culture whereas we followed the Western influences and trends after our culture and social structure were destroyed because of the civil war. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to find out the possibility of culture variety in interior design from the Japanese samples which modernized their culture in various sights. In other words, I researched and analyzed the expressive trends in Japanese Contemporary interior design, architecture and similarity and difference between Korea and Japan.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.185-190
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• 2021

The article is assigned to a prelude to the joke of effective pedagogical technologies in professional education in the minds of її continuity. Analyzed the definitions "innovation", "technology", "pedagogical technology", "Innovation pedagogical technology". Blocks have been added, which are stored in innovation processes in the light. The significant role of innovation in education is stated. Presented warehouses pedagogical technologies: conceptual, conceptual-processual and professional. The purpose of introducing innovative technologies into the educational process of vocational education institutions has been clarified. The reasons for finding and implementing innovative pedagogical technologies in education are analyzed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.61-73
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• 2002

The aim of this study is to understand the modernization process of interior spaces in the Korean housing, focused not only on the architectural aspects, but also on the sociological, anthropological and feministic aspects of housing. The development of korean housing from the period of traditional agricultural society and Japanese domination through the period of industrial development to the period of modem industrial society have been reviewed not from the Point of westernization but from the point of Korean own needs for modernity. It also tried to find the determinants of the relationship between social behavior patterns and space organization through historical change of housing plans. As a result, it was found the various western impacts to the continuation or change of Korean housing culture in the modernization process. Consequently this study comes to the concrete results as follows; 1) sociological aspect: The early layout of floorplans, that promoted the communication and contact between the user were changed. The layout of spaces in the modern housing tends to be not interdependence each other and be very isolated from the outdoor spaces. Those Phenomena reflect the trends to the Individualization, equivalence and privatization in the life of family. 2) feministic aspects: Differently from the early kitchen, modern ones locates in the internal space in the housing and the dinning area is appeared. And also the standing work at the kitchen war usually spreaded. Such changes are due to the emancipation of the women and downfall of the subordinate relationship between the genders. 3) anthropological aspects: The lifestyle, in which the user was mostly sitting on the floor, was constantly disappeared by using of furnitures that determines the function of each spaces in the housing. Those change demonstrate the change of behavior Patterns, thus, the needs of differentiation of function as well as the feministic needs. In other word, the coexistence of both fields of work and relax is required. 4) tectonic aspects: In the indoor space of modern housing the rooms are closed each other. Thus, concentrated circulation system act to separate these spaces. It is concrete spatial element that mostly shows the synthetic character of modem housing.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-33
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• 2011

The late $19^{th}$ and early $20^{th}$ centuries of Korea were the times when the Confucianism (牲理學) ideology was shaken heavily under the influences of modernism and capitalism by Western and Japanese military and political-economic forces. Under such circumstances, alteration of clothing was much influenced by ideologies than changes in social structure or technological advance. In this study, an ideology was defined as "the force which drives people into a particular social order". Ideologies were postulated as an ongoing process of socialization with dialectic features rather than being a static state. Comparative analyses on conflict structures and different clothing patterns symbolizing the ideologies of the Ruling (支配) and the Opposition (對抗) were conducted. Investigating dresses as representations of ideologies is to reconsider the notion of dichotomous confrontation between the conservatives (守舊派) and the progressives (開化派) and a recognition of Koreans' passively accepting modernity during the Japanese occupation. This may also have contributed to enlightening Koreans about modernization. Here are the results. First, the theoretical review found that ideologies were represented by not only symbols of discourse, but also dresses, and that dresses embodied both physical and conceptual systems presenting differences between ideologies and their natures, Second, during the late 19th century Korea, conflict between conservatives' Hanbok (韓服) and progressives' Western suits (洋服) was found. Moderate progressives showed their identity by "Colored Clothing" (深色衣), and radical progressives by black suits with short hair (黑衣斷髮) or by western suits (洋服). The ultimate goal of both parties was a "Modern Nation". With these efforts, pale jade green coats and traditional hats symbolizing the nobleman class was eliminated within 30 years from 1880 to 1910, and then simple robes and short hair emerged. However, the powerful Japanese army had taken over the hegemony of East Asia, and Korea was sharply divided into modernization and pro-Japanese camps. Third, during the time of Japanese colonial rule, the dress codes having set by the modernization policies during the time of enlightenment were abandoned and colonial uniforms for the colonial system was meticulously introduced. During this period, Western or Japanese-style uniforms were the symbol of the ruling ideology. In the mean time, Hanbok, particularly "White Clothing (白衣)", emerged as a representation of the opposition ideology. However, due to Japan's coercive power and strong zeal for "Great orient (大東亞)", white clothing remained as a mere symbol. Meanwhile, Reformists (實力養成論者) movement toward improving quality of life followed a similar path of the Japanese policies and was eventually incorporated into the ruling ideology. Fourth, dresses as representations of ruling ideologies were enforced by organizational powers, such as organizations and laws, and binding policies, and changes in such dresses were more significant when the ruling ideologies were stronger. Clothing of the opposition ideology was expressed as an aggregation of public consciousness. During the period, the subjects of ruling ideology and the objects who were granted modernization benefits were different although their drives for colored clothing with short hair (色衣斷髮) for modernization were similar.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.255-265
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• 2017

The study analyzed previous studies on traditional markets and market modernization projects to analyze research trends and content related to traditional markets. Next, the study selected 4 traditional markets throughout the nation where there was promotion of market modernization projects to conduct field research and interviews about store modules, line of flow, facility configuration, and types of businesses. Empirical comparative analysis was conducted on construction hardware status through measurement and observation and data was collected on business environment and requirement characteristics by business type through interviews with merchant associations of the corresponding markets. Consistent standard was applied as much it was possible to comparatively analyze the 4 market modernization cases and on the unique characteristics of individual markets, the cause was determined in conjunction to the history of the business promotion process and regional characteristics. After the study, basic data to suggest guidelines in store modules by business type in traditional markets could be acquired and the study identified the facilities equipment standards that must be considered in future market modernization projects. Through this it will be possible to derive policy implications to minimize trial and error and guarantee business efficiency in future market modernization projects.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.25-40
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• 2003

Since Korea open her ports to the West, she had undergone a great change under the alien influences both on the macro-social and micro-social aspects. This study aims to review the korean housing, corresponding with the everyday life, during the period of transition between the 1876 - 1910 and to interpret its process of modernization and the meaning of modernity. With regards to understand the holistic human relationship and place pf living through history, this study takes the Nobert Elias' Civilization Theory as a theoretical basis. References were therefore, made to various records of foreign missionary at the time, with respect not only to macro sociological changes but also to changes of everyday life. It is of course to take physical and structural aspects of housing architecture into consideration. These works, thus, led to presuming the housing culture of said period. In order to investigate modern character of korean housing, distinctively represented by spatial structure, considerations were made to various architectural examples according to the social and residential status both in urban and rural area. As a results, this paper came to the remarks as follows; 1. It is understood, that the process of modernization is a part of the process of civilization as synthetic process. It is integrated with the change of socio-cultural aspects and everyday life. 2. Korean housing in the said period shows various different residential status and grade of civilization according to the social status as well as economical status. Modern housing was not in general yet. 3. Housing for high classes and middle classes in Seoul shows a tendency of assimilation and imitation after western model. But some examples within the housing of high classes represent its own modernity, that is based on the rationalism and equalization 4. In the housing of lower classes, it was very far from the benefits of civilization. It could analogize from the immature control of disgrace, from undevelopment of individual territory and from uncultivation of rationality in the housing space.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper was to clarify the actual conditions of the 'Dietary externalization' mainly by using the economic and nutrition-related data, accompanied by the economic development in Korea and Japan. 'Modernization of food style' and other modernization have taken place, among which 'Dietary externalization' in particular has recently drawn interest. At the time this paper clarified with econometric analysis whether there are differences between the two countries in term of the modernization of food style and dietary externalization trend. The trends of Dietary externalization of both Korea and Japan were studied using Principal Component Analysis method. The food subgroup were investigated based on the annual report on the household income and expenditure survey of Korea and the annual report on the family income and expenditure survey of Japan. The statistical data from both country were analyzed by SAS program. The results are as follows; 1. In Korea, the ratio of carbohydrates in the total calorie intake is quite high and animal protein is rather low compared to those in Japan. 2. Traditional food such as grains and vegetables are consumed much more in Korea than in Japan. 3. The Principal Component 1, 2 were extracted in both countries during the whole analysis period, which suggested the 'Dietary externalization' 4. Principal Component 1 has a positive factor loaded in all food items including meals outside the home and process food. In other words, it is apparent that the 'Dietary externalization' tread in Korea has a simple pattern suggesting that all externalization related items are on the rise. 5. Principal component 1, 2 which indicated the dietary externalization, were detected in Japan.