• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.592-604
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• 2018

Objectives: This study is to review the effect of Korean medicinal herbs on treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia induced in rat models, as reported in domestic and foreign journals. Methods: Six electronic databases (EMBASE, PubMed, Oasis, RISS, CENTRAL, and Koreankt) were searched with terms including benign prostatic hyperplasia to identify study reports on treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia impairment with Korean medicinal herbs. After selecting several studies, the analysis focused on items reflected in the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia, such as prostate weight, thickness of the prostate epithelium, and prostate specific antigen. Results: Six studies were reviewed. Testosterone propionate was used as a benign prostatic hyperplasia induction material in all the included studies. Cinnamomum verum (CV), Cynanchum wilfordii (CW), Ponciri fructus (PF), Quisqualis indica (QI), Acorus gramineus (AG), and Melandrium firmum (MF) had reduced prostate weight statistically significantly. The QI gave a better response than finasteride in terms of reducing epithelium thickness, and the response was statistically significant. The prostate specific antigen level was lower in the group treated with CV than in the control group. Conclusions: CV, CW, PF, QI, AG, and MF had distinct therapeutic effects. However it is difficult to determine which of these is better by comparing them numerically because the observation items evaluated in a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.301-321
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of Coptidis chinesis FRANCH. on the alteration of gene expression in a hypoxic model using cultured rat cortical cells. Methods : E18 rat cortical cells were grown in neurobasal medium containing B27 supplement. On 12 DIV, water extract from Coptidis chinesis FRANCH. was added ($20{\mu}g/ml$) to the culture media 4 hrs. On 14 DIV, cells were given hypoxic insult (2% $O_2$/5% $CO_2$, $37^{\circ}C$, 3 hrs), returned to normoxia and cultured for another 24 hrs. Total RNA was extracted from Coptidis chinesis FRANCH. treated and untreated cultures and alterations in the gene expression were analysed by microarray using rat 5K-TwinChips. Results : Effects on some of the genes whose functions were implicated in neural viability were as follows: the expression of apoptosis-related genes such as Clu (Global M = 1.3), of presynaptic inhibition's genes such as Penk-rs (Global M = 1.97), and of innate immuniti's such as Crp (Global M = 1.95), Defensin (Global M = 2.14), and Dnase1l3 (Global M = 1.57) increased. The expression of neurotrophic genes such as S100b (Global M = 1.42), and $NF{\kappa}B$ (Global M = 2.04) increased. Conclusions : Analysing the genes expressed on microarray, shows Coptidis chinesis FRANCH.protects cells by increasing viability and neural nutrition.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2004

Objectives : The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of Sohaphyang-won (SH) on the alteration in gene expression in a hypoxia model using cultured rat cortical cells. Methods : E18 rat cortical cells were grown in neurobasal medium containing B27 supplement. On 12 DIV, SH was added ($20\mu\textrm{g}/ml$) to the culture media for 24 hrs. On 14 DIV, cells were given a hypoxic insult (2% O2/5% CO2, $37^{\circ}C$, 3 hrs), returned to normoxia and cultured for another 24 hrs. Total RNA was prepared from SH-untreated (control) and -treated cultures and alteration in gene expression was analyzed by microarray using rat 5K-TwinChips. Results : Effects on some of the genes whose functions are implicated in neural viability are as follows: 1) For most of the genes altered in expression, the global M values were between -05 to +0.5, Among these, 1517 genes were increased in their expression by more than global M +0.1, while 1480 genes were decreased by more than global M -0.1. 2) The expression of apoptosis-related genes such as Bad (global M =0.35), tumor protein p53 (T53) (global M =0.28) were increased, while v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (Akt1) was decreased. 3) The expression of hemoglobin alpha 1 (probably neuroglobin) was increased by about 3.2-fold (global M =1.7). 4) The expression of antioxidation-related catalase gene was increased (global M =0.26). 5) The expression of PKCzeta (prkcz), an upstream kinase of MAPK, was increased (global M =0.29). 6) The expression of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR), which may regulate transcription in hypoxic stress, was increased (global M =10.27). Conclusions : In summary, the microarray data suggest that SH doesn't increase the expression of oxygen capture-, anti-oxidation- and 'response to stress' -related genes but decreases some anti-apoptosis genes which would help protect the hypoxic cells from apoptosis.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2011

Objectives: The symptoms of hypothyroidism are fatigue, cold intolerance, arthralgia, muscle cramps, dry skin and etc. Although hypothyroidism is a relatively common endocrinical disease, we do have many difficulties treating it effectively. The symptoms of hypothyroidism are similar to those of Yang-deficiency in Oriental medicine. Epimedii Herba is a popular herb that has the effect of tonifying the kidney and strengthening Yang in Oriental medicine. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of Epimedii Herba on a hypothyroidism rat model induced by PTU(6-Propyl, 2-thiouracil). Methods: 24 two-month-old Spargue-Dawley(SD) rats were divided into 4 groups: 1) normal(n=6), 2) PTU-induced hypothyroidism control(n=6), 3) hypothyroidism rat treated with Epimedii Herba(n=6), 4) hypothyroidism rat treated with levothyroxine(n=6). PTU was administered for 4 weeks, Epimedii Herba and levothyroxine was administered for 2 weeks after PTU was initiated for a total duration of 2 week. At the end of the experiment, blood samples from all the rats were taken from their hearts and were analyzed. Results: In comparison with normal group, the PTU-induced control group significantly showed hypothyroidism with low T3, T4 and high TSH. In Epimedii Herba group, T4 was significantly increased(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in TSH between the Epimedii Herba treatment group and the control group. And no significant differences were observed in biochemical labs and weight between the Epimedii Herba group and the control group. Conclusions: These results suggest that Epimedii Herba could help thyroid cells to produce thyroid hormones. And no significant side effects related with Epimedii Herba were found, suggesting that it is safe to administer. According to these results, Epimedii Herba may be a safe alternative medicine for hypothyroidism.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.19-19
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• 2002

This study was to examine whether the in vitro differentiated neural cells derived from human embryonic stem (hES, MB03) cells can be survived and expressed tyrosin hydroxylase(TH) in grafted normal or PD rat brain. To differentiate in vitro into neural cells, embryoid bodies (EB: for 5 days, without mitogen) were formed from hES cells, neural progenitor cells(neurosphere, for 7-10 days, 20 ng/㎖ of bFGF added N2 medium) were produced from EB, and then finally neurospheres were differentiated into mature neuron cells in N2 medium(without bFGF) for 2 weeks. In normal rat brain, neural progenitor cells or mature neuron cells (1×10/sup 7/ cells/㎖) were grafted to the striatum of normal rats. After 2 weeks, when the survival of grafted hES cells was examined by immunohistochemical analysis, the neural progenitor cell group indicated higher BrdU, NeuN＋, MAP2＋ and GFAP＋ than mature neuron cell group in grafted sites of normal rats. This result demonstrated that the in vivo differentiation of grafted hES cells be increased simultaneously in both of neuronal and glial cell type. Also, neural progenitor cell grafted normal rats expressed more TH pattern than mature neuron cells. Based on this data, as a preliminary test, when the neural progenitor cells were grafted into the striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned PD rats, we confirmed the cell survival (by double staining of Nissl and NeuN) and TH expression. This result suggested that in vitro differentiated neural progenitor cells derived from hES cells are more usable than mature neuron cells for the neural cell grafting in animal model and those grafted cells were survived and expressed TH in normal or PD rat brain.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.367-372
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• 2008

Purpose: Prevention of acute rejection in skin allografts without continuous immunosuppression lacks reports in worldwide literature. Needs for chronic immunosuppression preclude the use of tissue allograft as a routine surgical reconstructive option. Recently dendritic cells(DC) gained considerable attention as antigen presenting cells that are also capable of immunologic tolerance induction. This study assesses the effects of alloantigen-pulsed dendritic cells in induction of survival increase in a rat skin allograft model. Methods: Recipient-derived dendritic cells were harvested from rat whole blood and cultured with GM-CSF(200 ng/mL) and IL-4(8 ng/mL) for 2 weeks. Then donor-specific alloantigen pulsed dendritic cells were reinjected into tail vein before skin graft. The rat dorsal skin allografts were transplanted in 5 subgroups. Groups: I) untreated, II) anti-lymphocyte serum(ALS, 0.5 mL), III) FK-506(2 mg/kg), IV) DCp, VI) DCp and FK-506. Graft appearance challenges were assessed postoperatively. Results: The group V(DC and FK-506 treated) showed longest graft survival rate(23.5 days) than other groups; untreated(5.8 days), ALS(7.2 days), FK-506 (17.5 days), DCp(12.2 days). Conclusion: Donor antigen pulsed host dendritic cell combined with short-term immunosuppression prolong skin allograft survival and has potential therapeutic application for induction of donor antigen specific tolerance.

• 약학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.180-186
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• 2010

Aldosterone, mineralocorticoid hormone, has important functions related to the regulation of blood pressure and balance of fluids and electrolytes in the distal region of the nephron. By genomic and non-genomic action of aldosterone, the physiological kidney functions are modulated. However, many of them except several kind of sodium channel have not been identified and analyzed yet. In this study, proteomic technologies with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) gel using aldosterone rat model were applied to analyze and identify the aldosterone dependently expressed proteins in rat kidney cortex. As a result, the established aldosterone rat model exhibited the normal physiological responses to aldosterone and modulated proteins were identified, which included 15 increased and 3 decreased proteins on 2-DE analysis. Among them, 11 proteins were identified as changed proteins by LC-MS/MS analysis. These proteins identified as aldosterone induced proteins were involved in several cellular pathways such as cytoskeleton remodeling, energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and chaperone process. In conclusion, our data could provide the insights into the new mechanism underlying regulation of kidney functions by aldosterone.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.150-161
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• 2007

Acori graminei Rhizomn (AGR) is a perennial herb which has been used clinically as a traditional oriental medicine against stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia. We investigated the effect of AGR on the modulation of gene expression profile in a hypoxic model of cultured rat cortical cells. Rat cerebrocortical cells were grown in Neurobasal medium. On DIV12, cells were treated with AGR $(10ug/m\ell)$, given a hypoxic shock (2% $O_2$, 3 hr) on DIV14, and total RNAs were prepared one day after shock. Microarray analyses indicated that the expression levels of most genes were altered within the global M values +0.5 and -0.5, i.e., 40% increase or decrease. There were 750 genes which were upregulated by < global M +0,2, while 700 genes were downregulated by > global M -0.2. The overall profile of gene expression suggests that AGR suppresses apoptosis (upregulation of anti-apopotic genes such as TEGT, TIEG, Dad, p53, and downregulation of pro-apopotic genes such as DAPK, caspase 2, pdcd8), ROS (upregulation of RARa, AhR), and that AGR has neurotrophic effects (upregulation of Aktl, Akt2). These results provide a platform for investigation of the molecular mechanism of the effect of AGR in neuroprotection.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2015

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Cannabis Fructus on exercise capacity and cognitive function in chronic hypoperfusion induced vascular dementia rat model. Methods Vascular dementia rat models were induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO). All rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal group; control group; CF I group (feeding Cannabis Fructus 100 mg/kg); CF II group (feeding Cannabis Fructus 300 mg/kg). In order to study the effects of oral administration of Cannabis Fructus on vascular dementia rat models, corner turn test, hole board test, radial arm maze test, passive avoidance test were taken and Acetylcholine (ACh) activity, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, serum of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein level were measured. Also histological findings of the liver, kidney, brain and the change of Tau immunoreactive neurons in hippocampus were observed. Results CF I and CF II showed significant improvement in corner turn test, hole board test, radial arm maze test, passive avoidance test, Acetylcholine (ACh) activity, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, the serum of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein level and the change of Tau immunoreactive neurons in hippocampus. CF I showed more significant effect than CF II in these tests. However in histological observations of the liver and kidney both CF I and CF II showed glomerular injury and hepatotoxicity. Conclusions These results suggest that Cannabis Fructus was helpful in improving exercise capacity and cognitive function on Chronic hypoperfusion induced Vascular Dementia rats. However Cannabis Fructus affects the liver and kidney, therefore suggest that this is an area for further study.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2020

We previously reported the potential of Senna tora L. seeds fermented by Lactobacillus casei (FSL) as a laxative agent in a loperamide-induced constipation rat model. Here, we examine the mechanism of action of FSL and its bioactive compound, revealed herein, on loperamide-induced constipation Sprague Dawley rat model. We identified the compound aurantio-obtusin (AO) using HPLC quantitative analysis. Rats were randomly assigned to six experimental groups (eight rats each)-normal and constipated groups (loperamide, FSL [100, 300, 500 mg/kg], and AO [1 mg/kg]). The FSL and AO-treated group showed an increase in the frequency, amount, and water content of feces in the constipated rat. Moreover, FSL and AO increased the intestinal transit speed in the constipated rat. Histological analysis revealed that FSL and AO recovered the intestinal mucus, the number of goblet cells, as well as thickness of the mucosa layer and muscle. Furthermore, the protein levels of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3, which is involved in intestine contraction, were recovered in the FSL and AO-treated group. Its downstream signaling pathway (p-protein kinase C) was recovered by FSL and AO treatment. In conclusion, fermentation of S. tora L. seeds increases AO, which improves intestinal function, indicating that FSL is effective for treating constipation.