Seasonal volume transport on the Texas-Louisiana continental shelf is investigated in terms of objectively fitted transport streamfunction fields based on the current meter data of the TexasLouisiana Shelf Circulation and Transport Processes Study. Adopted here for the objective mapping is a method employing a two-dimensional truncated Fourier representation of the streamfunction over a domain, with the amplitudes determined by least square fit of the observation. The fitting was done with depth-averaged flow rather than depth-integrated flow to reduce the root-mean-square error. The fitting process filters out $11\%$ of the kinetic energy in the monthly mean transport fields. The shelf-wide pattern of streamfunction fields is similar to that of near-surface velocity fields over the region. The nearshore transport, about 0.1 to 0.3 Sv $(1 Sv= 10^6\;m^3/sec)$, is well correlated with the seasonal signal of along-shelf wind stress. The spring transport is weak compared to other seasons in the inner shelf region. The transport along the shelf break is large and variable. In the southwestern shelf break, transport amounts up to 4.7 Sv, which is associated with the activities of the encroaching of energetic anticyclonic eddies originated in Loop Current of the eastern Gulf of Mexico. The first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of streamfunction variability contains $67.3\%$ of the variance and shows a simple, shelf-wide, along-shelf pattern of transport. The amplitude evolution of the first EOF is highly correlated (correlation coefficient: 0.88) with the evolution of the along-shelf wind stress. This provides strong evidence that the large portion of seasonal variation of the shelf transport is wind-forced. The second EOF contains $23.7\%$ of the variance and shows eddy activities at the southwestern shelf break. The correlation coefficient between the amplitudes of the second EOF and wind stress is 0.42. We assume that this mode is coupled a periodic inner shelf process with a non-periodic eddy process on the shelf break. The third EOF (accounting for $7.2\% of the variance) shows several cell structures near the shelf break associated with the variability of the Loop Current Eddies. The amplitude time series of the third EOF show little correlation with the along-shelf wind.
Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
/
v.23
no.11
s.170
/
pp.1904-1911
/
1999
The most effective material in the shape memory alloy(SMA) is the TiNi alloy, because its shape recovery characteristics are very excellent. We molded the composite material with shape memory function. The fiber of it is $Ti_{50}-Ni_{50}$ shape memory alloy and matrix of it is epoxy resin(Araldite B41, Hardner HT903. Ciba Geigy), its adhesive and optical sensitivity are very excellent. It was assured that the composite material could be used as model material of photoelastic experiment for intelligent materials or structures. In this research, the composite material with shape memory function is used as model material of photoelastic experiment. Photoelastic experimental hybrid method is developed in this research, it is assured that it is useful on the obtaining stress intensity factor and the separation of stress components from only isochromatic data. The measuring method of stress intensity factor of intelligent material by photoelastic experiment is introduced. In the mode I state, we can know that stress intensity factors are decreased more than 50% of stress intensity factor of room temperature when temperature of fiber is greater than 4$0^{\circ}C$, prestrain greater than 5% and fiber volume ratio greater than 0.42% and that stress intensity factors are decreased by 100% when fiber volume ratio is greater than 0.84%, prestrain greater than 5% and temperature greater than 60 $^{\circ}C$.
Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
/
2003.11a
/
pp.562-571
/
2003
A series of factors such as sampling, pretreatment measurement, volume estimation which induces uncertainty of the calculated radioactivity in liquid effluent released from a nuclear power plant were analyzed. It is innately impossible to estimate exact error of the calculated radioactivity, since most of the input parameters are determined by a single measurement and true value of the released radioactivity cannot be known. In this paper, a systematic model to calculate uncertainty of the released liquid radioactivity was developed based upon the guidance report published by the ISO in 1993, and the model was applied to a set of hypothetical batch release conditions. As a result, the Priority of each input parameter was turned out to be (1) wastewater volume, (2) sample volume, and (3) measured radioactivity of the sample. In addition, probability distribution of the released radioactivity was simulated by Monte Carlo method combining the probability distribution of each input parameter It was shown that the radioactivity released to the environment, which has been reported as a single value, has a certain form of probability distribution.
Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
/
v.29
no.2
/
pp.53-63
/
1987
Due to their wide range of application, deterministic comprehensive hydrologic models using digital computers have been developed in all countries of the world and researches are being undertaken for their appropriate applications. The aim of this study has been to demonstrate the practical implementation of a physically based distributed hydrologic model, the USDAHL-74 model and to investigate its ability to simulate the long term estimate of water balance quantities in a Korean mountainous watershed. Application of the model to Dochuk watershed indicates the following results. 1.Since the USDAHL-74 model includes all the major components of the hydrologic cycle in agricultural watersheds, thus is comprehnsive, the model seems to have a wide range of application from the fact that simulation results obtained are not only runoff volumes m various time units but their spatial variation as well as even soil moisture within the watershed. 2.An approximate calibration to determine the parameter values in the model using various data obtained from D0chuk shed shows that the simulation error of yearly runoff volume is only 0.6 % and a correlation coefficient between observed daily runoff volume and simulated one is 0.91 in all calibrated period.3.As a verification test of the model, runoff volumes are simulated using 1986 year data without changing the parameter values determined by 1985 year data. The tests show that the USDAHL-74 model is a flexible tool and that realistic production to simulate the long term estimate of runoff in Korean mountainous watershed could be obtained using only a short period of calibration.4. Despite of the encouraging results, there still remain minor problems concerning the practical application of the model to improve the result of simulations. Some of these are the small descrepancies between observed and simulated daily runoff volume appeared in the vicinity of peaks and the recession of1 the daily hydrographs and the model performance for the frozen ground and melting process in the model. 5. Alough the use of parameter with physical significance and the ability to improve calibrations on the basis of physical reasoning represents advantages in the simulation for ungaged watersheds, further researches are needed to use the USDAHL-74 mode to simulate runoff in ungaged watersheds.
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
/
v.15
no.1
/
pp.116-124
/
2007
An optical method to measure the size and number density of soot aggregates in diesel exhaust has been proposed in this study. Two laser beams in co-axial alignment transmit a soot loaded exhaust gas flow, and the transmittance at each wavelength is detected by a photo diode simultaneously. The volume equivalent diameter and number density of soot aggregates in the optical path can be theoretically given by the transmittance values measured at two wavelengths. A test conducted by a single cylinder, 4 cycle, small and DI diesel engine shows that the temporal variations of the size and number density of soot aggregates in the diesel exhaust can be measured by the proposed method at a transient mode operation. It is found that the volume equivalent diameter varied temporally from 70 to 110 nm during the period that high soot concentration is observed. One can also conclude that the optical length longer than 1 m in the dynamic range regarding this method is preferable for measuring soot concentration at the level of $1\;mg/m^3$.
This study was performed to investigate the effects of heat treatment the on mechanical properties of two species of wood under different heating conditions including at $180^{\circ}C$ for 12 h and 24 h, and at $210^{\circ}C$ for 3 h and 6 h. Two species of wood, Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi, were exposed to different heat treatments to assess the effects on the volume change, bending properties in static and dynamic mode and compressive strength. The results showed heat treatment caused significant changes in mechanical properties such as the static and dynamic moduli of elasticity ($MOE_d$ and $MOE_s$), and the modulus of rupture (MOR). The volume of the wood after heat treatment decreased as the heating temperature and time were increased. The bending strength performance of the wood after heat treatment decreased as the heating temperature and time were increased. The effect of heat treatment at a high temperature on the bending MOR was greater in both species than that for a long time. However, the compressive strengths of all the heat-treated samples were higher than the control sample. Furthermore, highly significant correlations between $MOE_d$ and MOR, and $MOE_s$ and MOR were found for all heating conditions.
Because of the rapid growing traffic volumes of cargo, especially between Seoul and Inchon, and lack of investment into transport infrastructure in the past, in Kyong-in area have suffered from the serious traffic congestion in the public-road and the express-way network, But the further expansion of the traffic volume in near future is difficult due to burden of the higher expansion of the traffic volume in near future is difficult due to burden of the higher construction cost. Although the traffic congestion on the Kyung-in railway, is not very serious comparing with the road sector, the shortage of capacity on some main lines becomes emerged as a problem as railway traffic has increased. Unlike these two modes, the water transport, which has been paid relatively less attention for commodity transport in Kyong-in area, has not any constaint in this respect. Han river has been used as a water transport route in Chosun Dynasty which is called Cho-wun. This paper therefore aims to propose the availability of Han river as the alternative water transportation mode, in order to decrease the congestion between Seoul-Inchon by considering the construction of Kyong-in artificial water channel in near future. In this paper, we investigate the availability of Nanji-do as the physical distribution depot connecting with the circulation express way in the national capital distribution depot connecting with the circulation express way in the national capital. We also estimate the traffic volume by using the push-barge carrier (300DWT) in the same channel through the simulation under some assumptions such as ship's turnaround time, speed, etc.
The present study examines the natural frequencies (NFs) of perfect/imperfect functionally graded sandwich beams (P/IP-FGSBs), which are composed of a porous core constructed of functionally graded materials (FGMs) and a homogenous isotropic metal and ceramic face sheets resting on elastic foundations. To accomplish this, the material properties of the FGSBs are assumed to vary continuously along the thickness direction as a function of the volume fraction of constituents expressed by the modified rule of the mixture, which includes porosity volume fraction represented using four distinct types of porosity distribution models. Additionally, to characterize the reaction of the two-parameter elastic foundation to the Perfect/Imperfect (P/IP) FGSBs, the medium is assumed to be linear, homogeneous, and isotropic, and it is described using the Winkler-Pasternak model. Furthermore, the kinematic relationship of the P/IP-FGSBs resting on the Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundations (WPEFs) is described using trigonometric shear deformation theory (TrSDT), and the equations of motion are constructed using Hamilton's principle. A closed-form solution is developed for the free vibration analysis of P/IP-FGSBs resting on the WPEFs under four distinct boundary conditions (BCs). To validate the new formulation, extensive comparisons with existing data are made. A detailed investigation is carried out for the effects of the foundation coefficients, mode numbers (MNs), porosity volume fraction, power-law index, span to depth ratio, porosity distribution patterns (PDPs), skin core skin thickness ratios (SCSTR), and BCs on the values of the NFs of the P/IP-FGSBs.
KIM, Joo Young;LEE, Seungjae;KIM, Jae-Young;PARK, Hyeon
Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
/
v.35
no.3
/
pp.197-209
/
2017
With the advent of age that people spend more time and money on leisure activities, there is increasing interest in professional sport games. The location of large scale sport facilities has substantial impacts on existing transportation pattern because the facility attracts and generates massive traffic volume within a short period of time. This study aims to develop a mode choice model of leisure trips of which the destinations are a sport facility. A structured SP (stated preference) survey questionnaires were developed through an experimental design, and professional sport spectators were asked to state their preference in the choice of transport mode to the sport facility. The survey results show that public transportation is preferred to passenger cars for their trip to big sports event, implying that the convenience of back home trip after the event is an important factor of their mode choice. This study is a rare research on the trip pattern to sports complex in Korea, which provides policy implications on the provision of mass transit including subway system to large scale sport complexes. And it is also expected that this study contributes to future researches on leisure trip pattern.
Purpose: Mammography has been confirmed as the only effective mode to improve the prognosis of patients with breast cancer in Western developed countries, but might not be a good choice in other areas of the world. One of the major challenges in China is to determine an optimal imaging modality for breast cancer screening. This study was designed to clarify the sensitivity of ultrasonography compared with that of mammography in rural China. Methods: We retrospectively studied the sensitivity of mammography and ultrasonography based on 306 breast cancer patients detected by the program of "screening for cervical cancer and breast cancer" performed in Chinese rural areas between January 2009 and December 2011, and analyzed the effects of age, breast density and volume on the sensitivity. Results: Stratified analysis showed that the sensitivity of breast ultrasonography was significantly higher than that of mammography in premenopausal patients (81.4% vs. 61.1%, p=0.02), in women ${\leq}$ 55 years of age (82.2% vs. 63.4%, p<0.01), in the high breast density group (American College of Radiology [ACR] levels 3-4) (85.9% vs. 60.6%, p<0.01) and in the small breast volume group (${\leq}$ 400 ml) (87.1% vs. 66.7%, p<0.01). Age had a significant effect on sensitivity of mammography (breast density and volume-adjusted odds ratio, 6.39; 95% confidence interval, 2.8-14.4 in age group > 55 compared to age group ${\leq}$ 45), but not that of ultrasonography. Neither breast density nor volume had significant effect on sensitivity of mammography or ultrasonography. Conclusions: Ultrasonography is more sensitive than mammography in detecting breast cancer in women under 55 year-old Chinese, especially in those with high-density and relatively small breasts.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.