• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.345-361
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• 2018

The set of processes performed to determine the dynamic characteristics of the constructed structures is named experimental modal analysis. Using experimental modal analysis and interpreting its results, structural failure can be assessed and then it would be possible to plan for their repair and maintenance. The purpose of the experimental modal analysis is to determine the resonance frequencies, mode shapes and Mode damping for the structure. Diverse methods for determining the shape of the mode by various researchers have been presented. There are pros and cons for each of these methods. This paper presents a method for determining the mode shape of the structures using the response spectrum in the experimental modal analysis. In the first part, the principles of the proposed method are described. Then, to check the accuracy of the results obtained from the proposed method, single and multiple degrees of freedom models were numerically and experimentally investigated.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.274-280
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• 2002

This paper addresses the vibration mode shape measurement technique utilizing a Continuous Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer (CSLDV). The continuous scanning capability is added to the conventional discrete Laser Doppler Vibrometer by reflecting the laser beams on the surface of the object using two oscillating mirrors. The bow scanning resulted from the proposed scanning method is eliminated by feedback control. The velocity output signal from the CSLDV is modulated to give the spatial velocity distribution in terms of coefficients which are obtained from the Fast Fourier Transformation of the time dependent velocity signal. Using the Chebyshev series form, the analysis of the vibration mode shape techniques for straight Bine scanning and 2 dimensional scanning are presented and discussed. The performance of the proposed SLDV is presented using the experimental results of the vibration mode shape of a plate

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

In modal analysis, the mode shape reflects the vibration characteristics of the structure, and thus it is widely performed for finite element model updating and structural health monitoring. Generally, the acceleration-based mode shape is suitable to express the characteristics of structures for the translational vibration; however, it is difficult to represent the rotational mode at boundary conditions. A tilt sensor and gyroscope capable of measuring rotational mode are used to analyze the overall behavior of the structure, but extracting its mode shape is the major challenge under the small vibration always. Herein, we conducted a feasibility study on a multi-mode shape estimating approach utilizing a single physical quantity signal. The basic concept of the proposed method is to receive multi-metric dynamic responses from two sensors and obtain mode shapes through bridge loading test with relatively large deformation. In addition, the linear transformation matrix for estimating two mode shapes is derived, and the mode shape based on the gyro sensor data is obtained by acceleration response using ambient vibration. Because the structure's behavior with respect to translational and rotational mode can be confirmed, the proposed method can obtain the total response of the structure considering boundary conditions. To verify the feasibility of the proposed method, we pre-measured dynamic data acquired from five accelerometers and five gyro sensors in a lab-scale test considering bridge structures, and obtained a linear transformation matrix for estimating the multi-mode shapes. In addition, the mode shapes for two physical quantities could be extracted by using only the acceleration data. Finally, the mode shapes estimated by the proposed method were compared with the mode shapes obtained from the two sensors. This study confirmed the applicability of the multi-mode shape estimation approach for accurate damage assessment using multi-dimensional mode shapes of bridge structures, and can be used to evaluate the behavior of structures under ambient vibration.

• 소음진동
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.215-224
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• 1995

In this paper, the three-dimensional finite element model is established to investigate the structural dynamic characteristics of rotor blade using a finite element analysis. Six natural frequencies and mode shapes are calculated by computer simulation. The first three flapping modal frequencies, the first two lead-lag modal frequencies, and the first feathering modal frequency are validated through comparison with the modal test results of the fixed rotor blade. The computer simulation results are found in good agreement with experimentally measured natural frequencies. The important results are obtained as follows: (1) Natural frequencies are changed due to the variation of rotational speed and fiber angle of rotor blade, (2) Weak coupling between flapping mode shape and lead-lag mode shape are detected, (3) Centrifugal force has more effect on flapping modal frequency than lead-lag modal frequency.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제9권4호통권33호
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• pp.467-477
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• 1997

모달실험 기법의 강부재 손상발견 적용성에 대한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 단경간 및 2경간 강재보에 손상을 모사한 단계적인 절단을 가하면서 모달실험을 반복하고, 손상 정도에 따른 모달 파라미터의 변화를 관찰하였으며, 실험 결과를 검증할 목적으로 수치해석을 병행하였다. 고려한 모달 파라미터는 고유진동수(Frequency), 변위 모드형상(Displacement Mode Shape), 변형률 모드형상(Strain Mode Shape)이며, 이들 모달 파라미터를 구하기 위하여 가속도계와 변형률계를 사용한 모달실험을 실시하였다. 각각의 손상단계에서 손상에 의한 변위 모드형상과 변형률 모드형상의 변화를 위치에 대해 정량적으로 나타내기 위하여, CoMAC과 Modal Vector Error를 사용하였다. 고유진동수는 손상의 정도가 심해짐에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 손상의 위치를 발견하는 데에 가장 효과적으로 사용될 수 있는 것은 변형률 모드형상이었다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.423-441
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• 2014

The high frequency base balance (HFBB) technique is a convenient and relatively fast wind tunnel testing technique for predicting wind-induced forces for tall building design. While modern tall building design has seen a number architecturally remarkable buildings constructed recently, the characteristics of those buildings are significantly different to those that were common when the HFBB technique was originally developed. In particular, the prediction of generalized forces for buildings with 3-dimensional mode shapes has a number of inherent uncertainties and challenges that need to be overcome to accurately predict building loads and responses. As an alternative to the more conventional application of general mode shape correction factors, an analysis methodology, referred to as the linear-mode-shape (LMS) method, has been recently developed to allow better estimates of the generalized forces by establishing a new set of centers at which the translational mode shapes are linear. The LMS method was initially evaluated and compared with the methods using mode shape correction factors for a rectangular building, which was wind tunnel tested in isolation in an open terrain for five incident wind angles at $22.5^{\circ}$ increments from $0^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$. The results demonstrated that the LMS method provides more accurate predictions of the wind-induced loads and building responses than the application of mode shape correction factors. The LMS method was subsequently applied to a tall building project in Hong Kong. The building considered in the current study is located in a heavily developed business district and surrounded by tall buildings and mixed terrain. The HFBB results validated the versatility of the LMS method for the structural design of an actual tall building subjected to the varied wind characteristics caused by the surroundings. In comparison, the application of mode shape correction factors in the HFBB analysis did not directly take into account the influence of the site specific characteristics on the actual wind loads, hence their estimates of the building responses have a higher variability.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1997년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.262-269
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to survey the shape finding of the plane truss structures under the prescribed displacement mode by the shape analysis. The shape analysis is peformed by the existence condition of a solution and Moore-Penrose generalized inverse matrix, and the prescribed displacement mode is the homologous deformation of structures. The shape analysis of structures is a kind of inverse problem and become the problem of a nonlinear equation. Newton-Raphson method is used to improve the accuracy of approximated solution. To prove the accuracy and the effectiveness of this method, four different shape examples are analyzed.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.391-422
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• 2014

The high frequency force balance (HFFB) technique provides convenient measurements of integrated forces on rigid building models in terms of base bending moments and torque and/or base shear forces. These base moments or forces are then used to approximately estimate the generalized forces of building fundamental modes with mode shape corrections. This paper presents an analysis framework for coupled dynamic response of tall buildings with HFFB technique. The empirical mode shape corrections for generalized forces with coupled mode shapes are validated using measurements of synchronous pressures on a square building surface from a wind tunnel. An alternative approach for estimating the mean and background response components directly using HFFB measurements without mode shape corrections is introduced with a discussion on higher mode contributions. The uncertainty in the mode shape corrections and its influence on predicted responses of buildings with both uncoupled and coupled modal shapes are examined. Furthermore, this paper presents a comparison of aerodynamic base moment spectra with available data sets for various tall building configurations. Finally, e-technology aspects in conjunction with HFFB technique such as web-based on-line analysis framework for buildings with uncoupled mode shapes used in NALD (NatHaz Aerodynamic Loads Database) is discussed, which facilitates the use of HFFB data for preliminary design stages of tall buildings subject to wind loads.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.734-741
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• 2003

This paper addresses the vibration mode shape Measurement technique utilizing a Continuous Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer (CSLDV). The continuous scanning capability is added to the conventional discrete Laser Doppler Vibrometer by reflecting the laser beams on the surface of the object using two oscillating mirrors. The bow scanning resulted from the proposed scanning method is eliminated by feedback control. The velocity output signal from the CSLDV is modulated to give the spatial velocity distribution in terms of coefficients which are obtained from the Fast Fourier Transformation of the time dependent velocity signal. Using the Chebyshev series from, the analysis of the vibration mode shape techniques for straight line scanning and 2 dimensional scanning are presented and discussed. The performance of the proposed SLDV is presented using the experimental results of the vibration mode shape of a cantilever and plate

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.97-104
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• 1999

Brake squeal noise has been a problem since the early days of motoring . It is important to obtain vibration mode shape for reduction of brake noise . Stroboscopic Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry is a very powerful measuring method for study of vibrating objects in static state compared with conventional methods because this method can give both resonance frequency and quantitative visualization of vibration mode shape at the same time. In this paper, we performed qualitative visualization and quantitative analysis of vibration mode shpae of disk brake by using stroboscopic ESPI and phase shifting method. The stroboscopic wavefronts are obtained by chopping continuous wave laser beam using acousto-optic modulator .Experiments were performed at the same constraint conditions as disk brake of the practical vehicle as far as possible. The experimental results of this paper show quantitative measurement of vibration mode shape and quantiative visualization of vibration amplitude of disk brake with 3D plotting.