• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 1989

This field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of grazing and cutting management on the forage production and botanical composition at different legumes sown swards of the experimental field of Livestock Experiment Station. in Suweon, from Aug. 1985 to Oct. 1988. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Dry matter yield of cutting management (1213.0 kg/lOa) was higher by 19% than that of grazing management (1016.8 kg/lOa). Yield of pasture mixtures including alfalfa both cutting and grazing were higher than those including ladino clover and red clover. Yield under grazing was inferior to cutting in the first year but superior in the second year. 2. Seasonal dry matter production under grazing showed 5 1% in spring, 33% in summer and 16% in autumn, but under cutting showed 46% in spring, 42% in summer and 12% in autumn. 3. Daily dry matter production per 10a under grazing is decreased 5.9 kg in spring, 5.5 kg in summer and 3.7 kg in autumn. But under cutting is decreased 8.7 kg in summer, 6.6 kg in spring and 3.4 kg in autumn. 4. Botanical compositions of mixtures swards involving ladino clover and red clover were not influenced by method of defoliation. But mixtures swards including alfalfa were highly influenced by method of defoliation. Alfalfa ratio at the time of final utilization under grazing was about 30%, but under cutting was about 70-80%.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.96-101
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• 1990

This field experiment was undertaken to find out the effect of grazing and cutting management on the forage quality and soil hardness at different legumes sown swards of the experimental field of Livestock Experiment Station in Suweon, from August 1985 to October 1988. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Crude protein, crude fat and ash contents under grazing were higher than these under cutting, but showed the reverse results in crude fiber and nitrogen free extracts contents. Average in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) under grazing (72 %) was a little higher than that under cutting (71 %). On the other hand, there was little difference among the mixtures swards in mineral contents and IVDMD. 2. The contents of Ca, P and Mg were a little high in the cutting, but K and Na contents were in gazing. Ca: P ratio in grazing (2.97) was slightly higher than that of cutting (2.94). 3. Production of energies(TDN, StE and NEL) with cutting were appeard to increase by 19.4 %, 13.5 %and 19.0 % than those of grazing, respectively. Mixtures swards including alfalfa showed more production both grazing and cutting. 4. Soil hardness in the top lOcm of soil by cattle grazing was changed from 15.5mm at startihg year to 22.6 mm after 3 years, but in cutting slightly increase from 15.5mm to 16.2mm. Generally it was low in early spring and high in autumn.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2000

본 시험은 양축농가에서 환경오염으로 문제시되고 있는 우분뇨 액상구비를 혼파초지에 환원시 유거수내 BOD, COD 특성과 토양내 화학적 변화를 구명코자 축산기술연구소에서 무비구, 금비단용구, 우분뇨액비구(40, 60, 80톤/ha)를 두어 난괴법 5처리 3반복으로 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 무비구에서 유거수량이 1,469.4mm로 가장 많았으나 분뇨액비 60톤구에서는 1,278.1mm로 가장 적었다. 유거수내 BOD는 무비구에서 $19.84m{\ell}/{\;}{\ell}$로 가장 낮았으나 우분뇨 액비 수준이 증가함에 따라 높아지는 경향이었으며, 우분뇨액비 80톤구에서 $36.22m{\ell}/{\;}{\ell}$로 가장 높았다. 유거수내 CDO는 무비구에서 $21.28m{\ell}/{\;}{\ell}$로 가장 낮았으나 우분뇨 액비수준이 증가함에 따라 높아지는 경향이었으며, 우분뇨액비 80톤구에서 $37.51m{\ell}/{\;}{\ell}$로 가장 높았다. 토양의 화학성분중 유효인산 함량과 T-N은 금비구보다 우분뇨 액비 시용구에서 높게 나타났으나 우분뇨액비 수준간에는 차이가 적었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1988

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of grazing and cutting system in the seven different seed mixture plots on the dry matter yield and botanical composition from October 1983 to November 1986 at 200m above the sea level in Cheju. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Dry matter yield was increased more cutting system than that of grazing system during the first and second harvest year (P<0.01), but at the third harvest year grazed plot was increased (P<0.05). 2. Three-year average dry matter yield tended to be relatively higher with tall fescue mixture plots (T4 and T7) than without tall fescue mixture plots. 3. In botanical composition of the seed mixtures, orchardgrass was observed to be more dominate in cutting system, while perennial ryegrass was increased in grazed plots. 4. Tall fescue was dominated about 70-80% at the third harvest year, in the plot of both grazing and cutting system. 5. The percentage of ladino clover was slightly increased in grazed plot compared with cutting plots. However those of alfalfa and red clover were not influenced by grazing and cutting system.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1266-1266
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• 2001

Pasture composition, an important attribute determining sward condition and value, is normally assessed by hand separation, drying and measuring weight contribution of each species in the mixture. This is a tedious, time and labour consuming procedure. NIRS has demonstrated the potential for predicting botanical composition of swards, but most of the work has been carried out on dry samples. The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of developing NIR models for predicting the white clover and ryegrass content in fresh or dry mixtures artificially prepared from pure samples of both species. Mixtures from pure stands of white clover(Trifolium repens) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) were prepared with different proportions (0 to 100%) of each species (fresh weight). A total of 55 samples were made (11 mixtures,5 cuts). Spectra (400 to 2500 nm) were taken from fresh chopped (rectangular cuvettes, transport sample module) samples, in a NIR Systems 6500 scanning monochromator controlled by the software NIRS 3 (Infrasoft International), which was also utilized for calibration development. Different math treatments (derivative order, subtraction gap and smooth segment) and a scatter correction treatment of the spectra (SNV and Detrend) were tested. Equations were developed by modified partial least squares. Prediction accuracy evaluated by cross-validation, showed that percentage of clover or ryegrass, as contribution in dry weight, can be successfully percentage of clover or ryegrass, as contribution in dry weight, can be successfully predicted either on fresh or dried samples, with equations developed by different math treatments. Best equations for fresh samples were developed including a first, second, or third derivative, whereas for dry samples best equations included a second or third derivative. Standard errors of ross validation were about 6% for fresh and 3.6% for dry samples, Coefficient of determination of cross validation (1-VR) were over 0.95 times the value of SECV for fresh samples and over 8 times the value of SECV for dry samples. Scatter correction (SNV and Detrend) in general improved prediction accuracy. It is concluded more precise on dried and ground samples, it can be used with an acceptable error level and less time and labour, on fresh samples.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.272-279
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• 1983

초지군락에서 광이용과 건물생산특성을 알아보기 위하여 오차드그라스, 라디노클로버의 각 단파초지와 오차드-라디노혼파초지, 화본료ㆍ두료의 다혼파초지에 동일한 예취관리를 하고 재생기 1-2주 간격으로 초지구조와 백사광의 투과, 초지의 생장율을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 각초지는 예취후 6주경에 최대의 초형을 이루었고, 오차드그라스 단파구는 직립형, 라디노클로버는 역삼각형, 오차드-라디노혼파구는 중하부에 고르게 분포되었으며, 다혼라구는 초고가 높고 상하에 고른 엽의 분포를 나타내었다. 2) 봄 재생기동안 엽면적지수(LAI)는 다혼파구에서 높았으나 엽면적밀도(L$_{v}$ )는 라디노클로버가 다혼파구보다 더 높아 엽의 밀집화가 심하였고, 가을재생기에는 LAI가 오차드그라스 단파구와 오차드-라디노혼파구에서 높았고, L$_{v}$ 역시 이들 구에서 높았다. 3) 각 초지의 광소멸계수는 오차드그라스단파구가 0.29-0.43으로 라디노클로버단파는 0.70-0.74, 그리고 오차드-라디노혼파구 및 다혼파구는 0.43-0.58을 나타내어 각각 직립엽형, 수평엽형 및 중간엽형으로 특징 지울 수 있었다. 4) 건물수량은 LAI와 높은 정의 상관을 보였고, 한계 LAI는 오차드그라스단파구가 가장 높았고, 라디노클로버단파구가 가장 낮았다. 한편, 적정 LAI는 오차드그라스단파구는 6이상, 라디노클로버 단파구는 3.8, 오차드-라디노혼파구는 5.0, 그리고 다혼파구는 8.0정도이었다. 5) 각 초지의 생장속도는 오차드그라스는 가을재생기에 높았으며, 다혼파구는 가을보다 봄에 현저히 높았으나 라디노클로버는 계절간 차이가 없었다. 6) 다혼파구 및 오차드-라디노혼파구가 초형구조가 양호하였고, 광이용이 향상되었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1986

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 ladino clover(Trifolium repens L.)가 우점(優占)된 혼파초지(混播草地)에 제초제(除草劑) 사용(使用)이 식생구성(植生構成) 및 초지생산성(草地生産性)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)코자 축산시험장(畜産試驗場) 초지(草地) 시험포(試驗圃)에서 난괴법으로 4반복(反復)으로 $1983{\sim}'85$년간(年間) 실시(實施)되었다. 시험(試驗)에 사용(使用)된 공시초지(供試草地)는 클로버가 $60{\sim}65%$ 우점(優占)된 혼파초지(混播草地)로 제초제(除草劑)는 Banvel(100, 200cc), Hedonal(150, 300cc), U-46(150, 300cc) 및 Sinazin(100, 200g/10a)을 사용(使用)하였다. $1983{\sim}'85$년간(年間) 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. Ladino clover가 우점(優占)된 혼파초지(混播草地)에 Banvel, U-46 및 Hedonal 약제(藥劑)를 처리(處理)함으로써 클로버 식생비율(植生比率)은 각각(各各) $1{\sim}2%$, $11{\sim}18%$ 및 $22{\sim}31%$로 감소(減少)되었다. 그러나 U-46 및 Hedonal 약제(藥劑)는 클로버에 대(對)한 살초력(殺草力)이 약(弱)하여 처리후(處理後) 2년차(年次)에는 클로버에 의(依)한 재우점현상(再優占現象)이 나타난다. Simazin은 기존(旣存) 화본과목초(禾本科牧草)에 대(對)한 약해(藥害)가 있어 사용(使用)이 어렵다. 2. 제초제(除草劑) 처리시기(處理時期)는 목초보파(牧草補播) $20{\sim}25$ 일전(日前)이 적합(適合)하다. 봄 또는 이른 여름에 약제처리시(藥劑處理時)에는 Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli 등(等)의 잡초발생(雜草發生)이 심(甚)하여 부실초지(不實草地)의 원인(原因)이 된다. 3. Banvel 약제(藥劑)의 토양잔류기간(土壤殘留期間)은 $7{\sim}10$일(日)로 이 기간내(期間內)의 목초파종(牧草播種)은 종자발아(種子發芽) 및 초기생육(初期生育)에 장해(障害)가 뒤따른다. 4. Ladino clover가 우점(優占)된 초지(草地)에 Banvel 약제(藥劑) 처리후(處理後) 화본과초지(禾本科草地)를 보파(補播)함으로서 년간(年間) 건물수량(乾物收量) 1023kg/10a이 생산(生産)되어 무처리구(無處理區)에 비(比)해 44%의 증수효과(增收效果)가 있었다. Hedonal 및 U-46 처리(處理)에서도 건물수량(乾物收量)은 각각(各各) 811kg 및 842kg/10a으로 현저(顯著)한 증가(增加)를 보였다. 5. 약제처리(藥劑處理)에 의(依)해 화본과위생형(禾本科爲主型) 초지(草地)로 개량(改良)함으로서 식생체내(植生體內)의 단백질함량(蛋白質含量) 및 net energy lactation(NEL)은 감소(減少)되었다. 그러나 총(總) NEL 수량(收量)은 각각(各各) 5401 MJ(Banvel), 4556 MJ(U-46) 및 4323 MJ (Hedonal)이 생산(生産)되어 clover 우점초지(優占草地) 3889 MJ/10a DM에 비(比)해 현저(顯著)한 증수효과(增收效果)가 있었다.