• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.3
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• pp.164-171
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• 2022

We studied the influence of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) manure compost soil application on the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). We compared the soil application of chemical fertilizer (CF), commercial manure (CM), Hanwoo manure (HM), and the mixed Hanwoo manure and chemical fertilizer (HM + CF). CF application showed faster tasseling and silking dates compared to the other treatments. During the early plant growth stage of maize, CF application resulted in taller plant height, However, during later growth stages (55 days after transplanting). HM (226.0 cm) and HM + CF (230.0 cm) treatment resulted in taller plant height compared to CF (216.2 cm). Post-harvest measurement results showed that, the ear length was longer in HM (22.13 cm) and HM + CF (22.70 cm) compared to others, while ear diameter, ear weight, and 100-grains weight showed no significant difference among CF, HM, and HM + CF groups. The use of HM resulted in delayed growth during the early stages of plant development compared to CF. However, crop productivity markers of ear weight and ear diameter showed no significant difference compared to CF. Thus, HM treatment was comparable to CF treatment in maize cultivation.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2021

⁸⁹Zr is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which has known as well-suited radioisotope for use in a monoclonal antibody-based imaging agent for immuno-PET. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the diagnostic ability of general trastuzumab and thio-trastuzumab as HER2 positive receptors based on Df hexadentate iron chelator. Desferrioxamine-p-SCN (Df-Bz-NCS) and desferroixamine-maleimide (Df-Mal) were purchased from Macrocyclics (Dallas, TX, USA). The trastuzumab was purchased from Roche (Schweiz), and thio-trastuzumab was obtained from professor Hyo-Jeong Hong group (Kangwon National University). The radioisotope ⁸⁹Zr was produced by domestic purification system and KIRAMS using medical cyclotron (50 MeV, Scantronix). The conjugates of Df-trastuzumab and Df-thio-trastuzumab were prepared with Df-Bz-NCS and Df-Mal under basic aqueous solution (pH 8-9) at room temperature, respectively. The conjugates purified by PD-10 column were mixed with dried ⁸⁹Zr chloride. ⁸⁹Zr-labeled conjugates were purified and concentrated by Amicon ultra centrifugal filter. The preparation step and time of ⁸⁹Zr-labeled conjugates was shorted as 4 steps within 2 hours. ⁸⁹Zr-labeled conjugates showed the highly radiochemical purity of over 98%, and were very stable until 7 days by the analysis of radio-ITLC method. Each radio-labeled conjugates were also exhibited the highly stability in both PBS buffer and mouse serum. Immuno-PET imaging of ⁸⁹Zr-labeled conjugates in mice bearing gastric cancer xenograft tumors with HER2 expression showed high tumor uptake in the NCI-N87 HER2-expressing. However, ⁸⁹Zr-Df-Mal-thio-trastuzumab showed a relatively lower tumor-to-background ratio than ⁸⁹Zr-Df-Bz-trastuzumab, as well as whole-body distribution. In the results, ⁸⁹Zr-Df-Bz-trastuzumab was evaluated to have a relatively higher HER2 diagnostic ability than ⁸⁹Zr-Df-Mal-thio-trastuzumab.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1352-1358
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• 2009

As the demand for a convergence between construction technologies and IT is on the rise, as seen in the visualization of U-City construction, studies on the ways in which IT in should be utilized in the building and construction field have been continuously and actively performed. However, there has been almost no development of standardized technology criteria relating to the life cycle of a building (planning, design, construction, and maintenance). That is, there are almost no examples of efforts made to combine construction technology and IT in a fundamental way, considering the environment, the facility, its spatial characteristics, engineering, materials, and structure, aspects that are commonly required not only for interior spaces but also for exterior construction of U-City. Despite the fact that a state-of-the-art infrastructure has been built, and the competency of users with the cutting-edge technology, composite studies on technologies, facilities, services and spaces are still lacking, and basic research on the composite operation method including compatibility and linkage between facilities and services within a U-City has been insufficient as well. It is generally known that by fusing IT with construction technologies, the total period of construction taken can be reduced and construction expenses can be curtailed, while construction quality can be improved. For this reason, it is vital to prepare a standardized base to connect cutting-edge IT with the construction technologies. In preparing such a base, the most urgent issue is to develop standardized technology criteria. The ultimate objective of this research is to establish the technological criteria system required to apply construction-IT fused technologies to U-Cities, and to develop the technological criteria for the design, construction and maintenance of the U-Cities. This paper, whose objective is to establish development strategies for construction-IT fused technologies by way of analyzing the criteria for conventional construction projects, the necessity of criteria for construction-IT fused technologies, and the current status of U-Cities' development, is the underlying research for this purpose. The strategies established are expected to be utilized in establishing the system of criteria for construction-IT fused technologies, and to contribute to a knowledge base in the construction-IT field. In addition, based on the strategies established, criteria for construction-IT fused technologies, such as design criteria and construction standards, will be developed, and by applying these criteria and standards, the ultimate objectives of U-Cities, which are the enhancement of urban competitiveness and the satisfaction of residents, will be attained

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.557-564
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• 2023

In this study, 3D printing technology was used to compensate for the shortcomings of the use of lead, which has proven to have excellent shielding performance, and to control unnecessary human exposure. 3D printers can implement three-dimensional shapes and can immediately apply individual ideas, which has great advantages in maintaining technology supplementation while reducing the cost and duration of prototyping. Among the various special 3D printers, the FDM method was adopted, and the filament used for output was manufactured using a research extruder by mixing two materials, PLA (Poly-Lactic-Acid) and tungsten. The purpose was to verify the validity through dose evaluation and to provide basic information on the production of chapezones of various materials. The mixed filament was implemented as a morphological shield. Filaments made of a research extruder by mixing PLA and tungsten were divided into 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, and 50 % according to the tungsten content ratio. Through the process of 3D Modeling, STL File storage, G-code generation, and output, 10 cm × 10 cm × 0.5 cm was manufactured, respectively, and dose and shielding ability were evaluated under the conditions of tube voltages of 60 kVp, 80 kVp, 100 kVp, 120 kVp, and tube currents of 20 mAs and 40 mAs.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.81-91
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• 2022

The use of lithium-ion batteries increases significantly with the rapid spread of electronic devices and electric vehicle and thereby an increase in the amount of waste batteries is expected in the near future. Therefore, studies are continuously being conducted to recover various resources of cathode active material (Ni, Co, Mn, Li) from waste battery. In order to recover the cathode active material, black mass is generally recovered from waste battery. The general process of recovering black mass is a waste battery collection - discharge - dismantling - crushing - classification process. This study focus on the crushing/classification process among the processes. Specifically, the particle size distribution of various samples at each crushing/classification step were evaluated, and the particle shape of each particle fraction was analyzed with a microscope and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy)-EDS(Energy Dispersive Spectrometer). As a result, among the black mass particle, fine particle less than 74 ㎛ was the mixture of cathode and anode active material which are properly liberated from the current metals. However, coarse particle larger than 100 ㎛ was present in a form in which the current metal and active material were combined. In addition, this study developed a PBM(Population Balance Model) system that can simulate two-species mixture sample with two different crushing properties. Using developed model, the breakage parameters of two species was derived and predictive performance of breakage distribution was verified.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.749-761
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• 2022

As the number of National and UNESCO Global Geoparks has increased, awareness of geological heritage and local government interests have also increased. In this study, data from the geological heritage sites in the Ulsan area were summarized, a practical use plan for geological heritage was prepared based on the assessment results, and the expected effects were also presented. The value for 33 of 112 geological heritage sites identified through literature surveys was evaluated. In terms of the geological heritage types in Ulsan, there were two geological, one geomorphological, and thirty mixed-heritage sites. In the context of the geological heritage of Ulsan, rivers and coastal topography were found to be dominant, and various geomorphological and geological features, such as fossils, folds, faults, shear zones, minerals, and ore deposits are included. Based on the assessment results, there were three, eighteen, nine, and three sites in Classes I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Considering the intrinsic and subsidiary values of geological heritage, the Gangdong Coast, Jujeon Coast, Taehwagang area, Daewangam area, the Daegokri-Cheonjeonri track sites, and Mujechineup are likely to be listed as potential geosites. When the endorsement of the geopark has been promoted alongside these geosites, it can contribute to the sustainable preservation and maintenance of the geosites, satisfy the demand for science education through geo-education, and support the sustainable development of the local economy following the detailed standards for geopark certification in the Natural Parks Act. This is expected to increase the brand value of Ulsan Metropolitan City.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.77-91
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• 2006

Domestic practices in shotcrete use have developed in many respects even now, but it still has issues about material, construction, quality standard and so on. In overseas, the construction using high strength shotcrete with $39.2{\sim}58.8 MPa$ of compressive strength is becoming common based on the shotcrete technology of high strength and durability. However, domestic shotcrete design strength is low at around 20.6 MPa of compressive strength and a long term durability is also insufficient. In this paper, field tests using high-quality additives and accelerators were performed to obtain the improvement of shotcrete strength and EFNARC standard was used to evaluate the field test results. In addition, deterioration test combined with the freezing-thawing and carbonation was also performed in order to investigate a long-term durability of high-strength shotcrete. As a result of the field test, the promotion ratio of early strength was $90{\sim}97%$ in case of using alkali-free accelerators. And the compressive strength of the shotcrete using Micro-silica fume was $45.2{\sim}55.8MPa$ and flexible strength was $5.01{\sim}6.66MPa$, so the promotion ratio of strength was $37{\sim}79%$ and $17{\sim}61%$ respectively. The promotion effect of strength by silica fine additives ratio of $7.5{\sim}10%$ for cement mass was much superior to the other cases. It was especially examined that using Micro-silica fume reduced deterioration due to mixed steel fiber and improved a long-term durability of shotcrete.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.7
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• pp.427-437
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• 2016

This study has the goal of analyzing the techniques and characteristics of urban development, after additionally constructing the high-speed railway in Japan's Kyushu district and building a new railway station to enable the existing traditional stations accommodate with the high-speed railway. Such analysis is made in order to draw the conclusion of its intended (designed) meaning and attributes and to further research on finding an applicable urban development method in the domestic railway station development. The object of this study includes examples of stations renewed within the five years when Shinkansen in the Kyushu district was extended or stations which are in process of development such as Hakata station, Kumamoto station, and Kagoshima-chuo station. From the analysis of this study, the strategies are as follows.; active connecting both geographical location and function of Station, re-establishment of relation with city center and Station, establishment of close linking system for both tourist spot development, methods of Shinkansen line construction and extension a development opposite site of railway, securing the living population from high density & Mixed use development of Station Building.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.4D
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• pp.523-531
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• 2008

This study tried to find differences between housing lotting prices and sale prices owing to new multi-family housing price regulation. As the results of this study, they are as follows; First, this study shows housing market in Busan has a preferences of new housing which has a new housing form differing from the existing housing form. For example, the mixed-use apartment with higher stories shows steeper incline than the apartments with the existing forms. Second, the new housing prices are affected by the information that affect the price of the old existing housing. They are rates of green area of an apartment complex, the number of household, accessibility to downtown Busan and etc.. They are also confirmed factors that affect a rise of used-housing price in other studies. Third, brand value of apartments affects new housing prices. For example, if the major construction companies build the new apartment, it shows a rising trend than any other housing. Therefore, the local construction companies are expected to be put on a disadvantage places than major construction companies. Fourth, the lotting prices are the most important cause that lead to rise the new housing prices. Accordingly, the present lotting prices are expected that upward tendency the purchasing prices of the new housing will not continue, because the lotting prices have risen since the government removed lotting price regulations and exceeded the level of used-housing prices. And it denote that importance of housing sub-market which indicates rates of old existing housing market rising, frist preference Gu, second preference Gu, rate of multi-family housing.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.4A
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• pp.761-766
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• 2006

Polymer composite are increasingly considered as structural components for use in civil engineering, on account of their enhanced strength-to-weight ratios. Unsaturated polyester (UP) resin have been widely used for the matrix of composites such as FRP and polymer composite, due to its excellent adhesive. Polymer nanocomposites are new class of composites derived from the nano scale inorganic particles with dimensions typically in the range of 1 to 1000 nm that are dispersed in the polymer matrix homogeneously. Owing to the high aspect ratio of the fillers, mechanical, thermal, flame, retardant and barrier properties are enhanced without significant loss of clarity, toughness or impact strength. To prepare the MMT (Montmorillonite)-UP exfoliated nanocomposites, UP was mixed with MMT at $60^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours by using pan mixer. XRD (X-ray diffraction) pattern of the composites and TEM (Transmission Electron Micrographs) showed that the interlayer spacing of the modified MMT were exfoliated in polymer matrix. The mechanical properties also supported these findings, since in general, tensile strength, modulus with modified MMT were higher than those of the composites with unmodified MMT. The thermal stability of MMT-UP nanocomposite is better than that of pure UP, and its glass transition temperature is higher than that of pure UP. The polymer concrete made with MMT-UP nanocomposite has better mechanical properties than of pure UP. Therefore, it is suggested that strength and elastic modulus of polymer concrete was found to be positively tensile strength and tensile modulus of the MMT-UP nanocomposites.