• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.719-732
• /
• 2006

A set of clustering algorithms with proper weight on the formulation of distance which extend to mixed numeric and multiple binary values is presented. A simple matching and Jaccard coefficients are used to measure similarity between objects for multiple binary attributes. Similarities are converted to dissimilarities between i th and j th objects. The performance of clustering algorithms with balancing weight on different similarity measures is demonstrated. Our experiments show that clustering algorithms with application of proper weight give competitive recovery level when a set of data with mixed numeric and multiple binary attributes is clustered.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.14 no.7
• /
• pp.3076-3092
• /
• 2020

An IKPCA-ELM-based intrusion detection method is developed to address the problem of the low accuracy and slow speed of intrusion detection caused by redundancies and high dimensions of data in the network. First, in order to reduce the effects of uneven sample distribution and sample attribute differences on the extraction of KPCA features, the sample attribute mean and mean square error are introduced into the Gaussian radial basis function and polynomial kernel function respectively, and the two improved kernel functions are combined to construct a hybrid kernel function. Second, an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm is proposed to determine the optimal hybrid kernel function for improved kernel principal component analysis (IKPCA). Finally, IKPCA is conducted to complete feature extraction, and an extreme learning machine (ELM) is applied to classify common attack type detection. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the constructed hybrid kernel function. Compared with other intrusion detection methods, IKPCA-ELM not only ensures high accuracy rates, but also reduces the detection time and false alarm rate, especially reducing the false alarm rate of small sample attacks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.48-57
• /
• 1999

This study was aimed to establish biotop unit of the mixed rural city for the method and process of the biotop mapping system. Survey site was Maejuri of Seunghwan(158ha), Gisanri of Mokchon(132ha) and Namkwanri, Pungsemeon(214ha). So the main process was divided by 4 schemes such as Biosphere, Geosphere, Antrosphere and Evaluation. Also the GIS(geographic information system) was used to make the database of the biotop and biotop complex, analyze the cross-combinations and analyze the characters of the biotop. Biotop mapping system had 5 steps which were proceeded with research goals, constructing the spatial database and attribute database, classifying the 3 types of biotop such as tree/shrub biotop, grass biotop and wetland biotop, cross-analyzing 3 biotop types with land use, habitat characters, relief characters and danger/disturbance elements and evaluating the 3 types of biotop. The results of applicating the biotop mapping system on the research site as followings : The distributions of the land uses in Maejuri, Seunghwan eup in Chonan city were recorded by forest(29.8%), orchard(14.1%) and landscaping around building site(9.0%). Gisanri, Mokchonmeon were composed of forest(64.5%), farm(12.8%) and Namkwanri, Pungsemeon were concentrated rice field(39.6%), dwell district(22.4%). The Tree/Shrub biotop type was reclassed by the forest type, natural and artificial decidous type with natural coniferous. The Grass biotop type was reclassed by the wild grassland type, garden type and peddy field with wild grassland. The distributions of the wet land were pointed high at the wet land type with reed marsh and edge vegetation around wet land in reservoir and river. The evaluation of the mapped bitopes was completed to the following aspect, "amenity" and "environmental education". A high value of 7.13%(1 class) was shown Maejuri, Seunghwan eup. The regions which were studied synthetically are divided to three parts ; the area where have nature and art mixed(Seunghwan), the area which is more artificial because people inhabit there for a long time(Pungsemeon) and the area that ecological environment is threatened by development pressure(Mokchonmeon). Therefore, ecological restoration plan which depends on specific property of the regions should be established. Also the interdisplinary researches were needed to develop the BMS(Biotop Mapping System) in Korea because of the differences with Germany, England's ecological habitat conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.78-87
• /
• 1999

This study was aimed to establish the method and process of the Biotope Mapping System.(B.M.S.) The main aspects of research for biotope were divided by 4 schemes such as biosphere, geosphere, antroposphere and evaluation informations. The cartographic function of GIS(geographic information system) was also used to mapping them. The B.M.S. had been progressed with 5 steps : (1) making research goals, (2) constructing the graphic and attribute databases, (3) classifying 3 types of biotope such as tree/shrub biotop, grass biotop and wetland biotop. (4) cross-analyzing biotope types against land use, habitat characters, relief characters and danger/disturbance elements, (5) evaluating the biotope's potentialities. Only 3 steps of them were done in this study. The results of applicating the B.M.S on the research site as followings : 1. The interdisciplinary researches were needed to develop the B.M.S in Korea since ecological habitat conditions of Germany, England are differed from them of Korea. 2. The distributions of the land uses in Maejuri, Seunghwan eup in Chonan city were mainly recorded by forest(29.82%), orchard(14.11%) and landscaping around building site(9.05%). 3. The percentages of the Tree/Shrub Biotope type were ranged by the orchard type(23.8%), natural and artificial deciduous type with natural coniferous(23.6%) and etc. 4. The Grass Biotope type was mainly recorded by the wild grassland type(27.99%), garden type(14.21%) and peddy field with wild grassland(13.24%). 5. The distributions of the wetland were pointed high at the wetland type with reed marsh and edge vegetation around wetland(54.79%) and etc.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.109-120
• /
• 2017

This study aimed to develop Chinese restaurant set menu which was proper to tendency of market segmentation by using conjoint analysis. In order to examine tendency of market segmentation, this study investigated the important factors and effective values of whole market and segment market. First, the study found that whole market and segment market seemed to prefer seafood to meat except Cluster 3 (Gentle demand type). Second, regarding efficiency of attribute level, the study found that crap soup is favored over seafood in both whole market and segment market except Cluster 1 (strong demand type). Third, Cluster 1 (strong demand type) showed a high level of efficiency on menu which is mixed with meat and seafood. In Cluster 2 (middle demand type), there was a high level of efficiency in meat menu. In case of Cluster 3 (gentle demand type), seafood menu showed high level of efficiency. Forth, there was a high level of efficacy in rice and western dessert menu on the result of analysis on whole market and segment market. Therefore, this study suggests that the preference of seafood is more higher than the preference of meat. It means that current customers care their health more than they used to be. According to this study, people who want to develop Chinese restaurant menu should focus on seafood more than meat. What's more, marketers of chinese restaurants have to not only present new awareness and fresh atmosphere but also provide typical composition of set menu for target customers.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.337-379
• /
• 2005

This choice experiments study values the non-market benefits of water quality improvements in Paldang Reservoir and Han River, located in Korea. A fractional factorial orthogonal design was used to produce four different choice sets per respondent, before employing choice examples to screen out irrational responses. The panel mixed logit model (with normal distributions for the attributes) fit the data best, indicating that allowing for both heterogeneous preferences across households and correlation between repeated choices may represent actual choice behaviors best of all the estimated models. The significant standard deviations of the random attributes suggest that the taste for each attribute may vary considerably in the population. The annual benefits to the Seoul Metropolitan area for a small (large) enhancement of the clarity of water, a gradual removal of unpleasant waters, and a gradual improvement in biodiversity, were estimated to be some 1.5 trillion (1.7 trillion) Won, 2 trillion Won, and 1.7 trillion Won, respectively, with 1.8~2.6 trillion Won for at least two of them occurring together. The study also discusses potential biases germane to choice experiments studies of this type.