• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1151-1157
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• 2003

The surfactant Tween 80 was evaluated for its ability to influence cumulative gas production, cellulose digestion, and enzyme activities by mixed ruminal microorganisms grown on barley grain or Orchardgrass hay. The addition of Tween 80 at a level of 0.10% significantly (p<0.05) decreased the cumulative gas production rate from both barley grain or Orchardgrass hay substrates. However, 0.05% Tween 80 did not affect gas production rates compared to the control treatment. The addition of 0.05% Tween 80 to cultures growing on barley grain resulted in a significant increase in cellulase (90.01%), xylanase (90.73%) and amylase (487.25%) activities after 30 h incubation. Cultures utilizing Orchardgrass hay had a significant increase in cellulase (124.43%), xylanase (108.86%) and amylase (271.22%) activities after 72 h incubation. These increases in activities were also observed with cultures supplemented with 0.10% Tween 80 throughout all the incubation times tested. These results indicated that the addition of 0.05% Tween 80 could greatly stimulate the release of some of key enzymes without decreasing cell growth rate in contrast to trends reported with aerobic microorganism. Our data indicates potential uses of the surfactant Tween 80 as a feed additive for ruminant animals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.1030-1039
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• 1999

The effect of surfactant mixture 9on detergency and soil redeposition in a dry-cleaning system was investigated employing Aerosol OT as an anionic surfactant and Span 80 as a nonionic surfactant. The effect of charge system on soil deposition was also investigated in order to determine the optimum condition at which soil redeposition is minimum,. Soil deposition instead of soil redeposition on cotton, polyester and wool fabrics was measured employing petroleum solvent and perchloroethylene as organic solvents. The results were as follows. 1. Surface tension or interfacial tension was not changed by the addition of any surfactant or surfactant mixtures. In petroleum solvent however interfacial tension between solrent and water decreased when surfactants were added and increased when surfactants were mixed,. 2. The maximum amount of water solubilization increased as the mole fraction of Aerosol OT increased and more water was solubilized in petroleum solvent than in perchloroethylene. 3. The detergency of cotton was greater and the soil deposition rate was lower in Span 80 solution than in Aerosol OT solution. The soil deposition on cotton fabric decreased when water was solubilized in Aersol OT solution 4. The detergency and soil deposition rate of polyester fabric did not change by the surfactant type of the addition of surfactant mixture and soil deposition rate increased bywater solubilization. 5. Soil deposition on wool fabric was very high when Arosol OT was employed in perchloroethylene and the soil deposition did not change greatly by water solubilization.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.453-459
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• 2019

In this study, the influence factors on the stability of the O/W (oil in water) emulsions prepared with coconut oil and the nonionic mixed surfactant (Tween 80-Span 80) were evaluated. The concentration and HLB value of the nonionic mixed surfactant, and the degree of agitation were used as manufacture factors. The stability of prepared O/W emulsions were measured with the mean droplet size, zeta-potential, emulsion stability index (ESI), and thermal instability index (TII). The mean droplet size of the prepared O/W emulsions was from 100 to 200 nm. As the concentration of mixed surfactant and the homogenization speed increased, the droplet sizes decreased, while the zeta-potential values increased. The effect of HLB values increased in the order of 6.0, 10.0 and 8.0, and at the HLB value of 8 the smallest mean droplet size as 120 nm was obtained whereas the largest value of the zeta-potential between 10 and 60 mV. From the results of ESI and TII, the stability of prepared O/W emulsions increased in order of 6.0, 10.0 and 8.0 of HLB values, and ESI and TII values were above 80% and below 20% respectively at HLB value of 8.0.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.491-498
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• 2009

The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the counter ion binding constant (B) for the mixed micellizations of DBS (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate) with Brij 30 (polyoxyethylene(4) lauryl ether) and Brij 35 (polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ehter) at 25 ${^{\circ}C}$ in pure water and in aqueous solutions of n-butanol were determined as a function of $\alpha$1 (the overall mole fraction of DBS) by the use of electric conductivity method. Various thermodynamic parameters (Xi, $\gamma$i, Ci, aiM, $\beta$, and ${\Delta}H_{mix}$) were calculated and compared for each mixed surfactant system by means of the equations derived from the nonideal mixed micellar model. There sults show that the molecules of DBS interact more strongly with Brij 35 than Brij 30 and that the DBS/Brij35 mixed system has greater negative deviation from the ideal mixed micellar model than the DBS/Brij 30mixed system.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• v.67
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• pp.123-131
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• 2018

Using mixed nonionic surfactants Span/Tween, we investigated the effects of HLB value on the O/W emulsion stability and rheological behaviors. In this study, MS-01 (Span 60 & Tween 60) and MS-02 (Span 80 & Tween 80) was used as mixed nonionic surfactants. We considered required HLB value 10.85 and selected corresponding HLB value range 8-13. The droplet size distributions, droplet morphology, rheological properties, zeta-potential and creaming index of the emulsion samples were obtained to understand the mechanism and interaction of droplets in O/W emulsion. The results indicated that optimal HLB number for O/W emulsions was 10.8 and 10.7, while using MS-01 surfactant and MS-02 surfactant respectively. MS-01 (HLB = 10.8) sample and MS-02 (HLB = 10.7) sample showed smallest droplet size and highest zeta-potential value. Rheological properties are measured to understand rheological behaviors of emulsion samples. All emulsion samples showed no phase separation until 30 days storage time at $25^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2007

The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and the counter ion binding constants (B) in a micellar state of the mixed surfactant systems of Tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) with Polyoxyethylene(23) lauryl ether (Brij 35) in water were determined as a function of α1 (the overall mole fraction of TTAB) by the use of electric conductivity method and surface tensiometer method from 15 oC to 35 oC. Values of thermodynamic parameters (ΔGom, ΔHom, and ΔSom) for the micellization of TTAB/Brij 35 mixtures were calculated and analyzed from the temperature dependence of CMC values. The results say that the measured values of ΔGom are all negative at the whole measured condition but the values of ΔSom and ΔHom are positive or negative, depending on the measured temperature and α1.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.672-676
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• 2003

Effect of a surfactant Tween 80 on the bacterial growth in the rumen was examined on the in vitro pure cultures of Streptococcus bovis, Selenomonas ruminantium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Prevotella ruminicola, Megasphaera elsidenni, Fibrobacta succinogenes, Ruminanococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens. Dry matter degradability (DMD), concentrations and compositions of volatile fatty acids (VFA), and the most probable number (MPN) of cellulolytic bacteria and total number of bacteria in the presence of Tween 80 were also examined on the in vitro rumen mixed culture either with barley grain or orchardgrass hay. The growth of S. bovis, S. ruminantium, B. fibrisolvens, P. ruminicola, M. elsidenni and F. succinogenes were significantly higher (p<0.05) at over 0.05% concentrations of Tween 80 than those of the control cultures, while was not changed with R. albus and R. flavefaciens. With rumen mixed culture the DMD of barley grain and orchardgrass hay was significantly higher (p<0.05) at a 0.2% concentration of Tween 80 than the control, being reflected in the significantly higher (p<0.05) VFA production (mmol $g^{-1}$DDM) with orchardgrass hay. The higher (p<0.05) ratio of propionate to acetate at a 0.2% concentration of Tween 80 was also observed with orchardgrass hay, showing a similar trend with barley grain. No changes in the total bacterial number and MPN of cellulolytic bacteria were observed.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2006

The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and the counter ion binding constants (B) in a micellar state of the mixed surfactant systems of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) with polyoxyethylene(4) lauryl ether (Brij 30) in water were determined as a function of 1 (the overall mole fraction of DBS) by the use of electric conductivity method and surface tensiometer method from 288 K to 308 K. Various thermodynamic parameters (Smo, Hmo, and Gmo) for the micellization of DBS/Brij 30 mixtures were calculated and analyzed from the temperature dependence of CMC values. The measured values of Gomare all negative but the values of Smo are positive in the whole measured temperature region. On the other hand, the values of Hmo are positive or negative, depending on the measured temperature and 1.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.126-133
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• 2009

The surfactants applied in household detergents and industrial cleansers should satisfy the requirement of not just the basic function such as emulsification, solubilisation, dispersion, detergency, wetting and foaming, but also the economical efficiency and the safety to human and environment. In the viewpoint of the sustainable development, the surfactants, moreover, have to reduce raw materials and energy consumption and waste disposal when they are being manufactured and also consumed for their purposes. New high-performance surfactants have been extensively studied and developed in order to respond the change in social and economical environment. Noticeable progresses have been achieved so far, which are the significant increase in solubility and surface activity through the minor modification of existing surfactant molecular structure and the synergistic increase in a surface activity shown in the mixed surfactant system of anionic and cationic surfactants. In this review, the important and meaningful progresses achieved recently in technological advance and practical application will be summarized and discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.612-622
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated the solubilization 4-chlorobenzoic acid in a wide range of temperature using a zwitterionic surfactant of lauryl sulfobetaine(LSB) and mixed surfactant systems. The effects of temperature and alkyl-group's length of surfactant molecule on the solubilization of 4-chlorobenzoic acid have been measured. The solubilization constants ($K_s$) were taken by the UV/Vis spectrophotometric method, plotting the total absorbance of the solution versus the surfactant concentration. The results show that the values of ${\Delta}G^o_s$ are all negative within the measured temperature range and decrease by increasing temperature, And also the measured values of ${\Delta}H^o_s$ and ${\Delta}S^o_s$ are all positive and increase by increasing temperature. The values of $K_s$ and thermodynamic parameters are simultaneously dependent on the temperature and the kinds of surfactant molecules. From the results we can postulate the solubilization site of 4-chlorobenzoic acid within the micelle.