• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.222-233
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• 2024

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the status of total sugar intake and contributing foods in Korea according to age groups. Methods: This study used 24-hour dietary recall data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019-2021) to investigate the nutritional and total sugar intake status among Koreans. A total of 18,338 research participants (≥3 years old) were included in this study. To analyze the types of foods contributing to total sugar intake, these foods were categorized into 15 types. Moreover, we examined the total sugar intake and ranked the most consumed foods by age groups (3-11 years, 12-18 years, 19-34 years, 35-49 years, 50-64 years, over 65 years). A survey procedure was employed for statistical analysis. Results: The energy intake ratio from total sugars was approximately 12%-15%, which was within the recommended range. However, the proportion of individuals consuming total sugar exceeding 20% of their total caloric intake is nearly 20%, raising concerns about excessive sugar consumption. Furthermore, the percentage of participants whose intake of sugar from processed foods exceeded 10% of their total calories was highest in the 12-18 age group at 37.1%, followed by the 3-11 age group at 35.2%, and the 19-34 age group at 34.0%. Carbonated drinks, cola, and cider were the primary foods consumed by children and adolescents (3-18 years old) and young adults (19-34 years old). For middle-aged and older adults, mixed coffee with sugar and cream was a prominent contributor to sugar intake. Conclusions: This study investigated sugar consumption patterns among Koreans, finding the principal foods contributing to this intake. Identifying these contributors is pivotal, given their potential impact on public health.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.700-709
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• 2024

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production from lignocellulosic biomass is economically beneficial. Because lignocellulosic biomass is a mixture rich in glucose and xylose, Escherichia coli, which prefers glucose, needs to overcome glucose repression for efficient biosugar use. To avoid glucose repression, here, we overexpressed a xylose regulator (xylR) in an E. coli strain expressing bktB, phaB, and phaC from Cupriavidus necator and evaluated the effect of xylR on PHB production. XylR overexpression increased xylose consumption from 0% to 46.53% and produced 4.45-fold more PHB than the control strain without xylR in a 1% sugar mixture of glucose and xylose (1:1). When the xylR-overexpressed strain was applied to sugars from lignocellulosic biomass, cell growth and PHB production of the strain showed a 4.7-fold increase from the control strain, yielding 2.58 ± 0.02 g/l PHB and 4.43 ± 0.28 g/l dry cell weight in a 1% hydrolysate mixture. XylR overexpression increased the expression of xylose operon genes by up to 1.7-fold. Moreover, the effect of xylR was substantially different in various E. coli strains. Overall, the results showed the effect of xylR overexpression on PHB production in a non-native PHB producer and the possible application of xylR for xylose utilization in E. coli.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.369-378
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• 2012

This study was performed out to investigate the influence of the mixed application of chemical fertilizer (CF) and liquid swine manure (LSM) on the growth characteristics, dry matter yield, amino acids, minerals, and free sugars in cultivating silage corn on paddy soils. The field experiment was designed in a randomized block design of 3 repetitions with CF 100% treatment (C), CF 70% + LSM 30% treatment (T1), CF 50% + LSM 50% treatment (T2), CF 30% + LSM 70% treatment (T3), and LSM 100% treatment (T4). At this time, the application of LSM was based solely on the nitrogen. Ear length, ear circle, stem diameter, and stem hardness of the silage corn did not show significant differences between treatments. Fresh yield, dry matter yield and TDN yield were highest in T3, whereas the lowest in C treatment (p<0.05). Crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash content were significantly higher in T1, C, and T4 treatment, respectively (p<0.05). However, NDF, ADF and crude fiber content did not show significant difference between treatments. The total mineral content decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate increased. Total composition amino acid content was higher in the order of T1 > T2 > C > T4 > T3 treatment (p<0.05). Free sugar content was higher in the order of T1 > T3 > T4 > T2 > C treatment (p<0.05). Based on the above results, suggests that the mixed application of chemical fertilizer 30~50% and LSM 50~70% (T2 and T3) is the most effective, considering the yield performance and the content of sugar degree and free sugar affecting silage.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.869-875
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 국내산 화분의 가공 및 제품개발에 필요한 기본적인 자료를 제공하기 위하여 국내산 충매화분인 잡화분, 도토리화분, 다래화분, 풍매화분인 송화분과 제품개발시 소재로 이용될 수 있는 각 화분의 물 및 n-핵산 추출물에 대하여 일반성분, 무기질, 아미노산, 지방산, 유리당 조성 및 비타민 등의 성분 분석을 실시 하였다. 일반성분 분석 결과 단백질 함량이 $14.0{\sim}22.3%$로 상당히 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 송화분의 경우 조섬유가 37.5%로 특이하게 많이 함유되어 있었다. 또한 조섬유를 제외한 다른 성분들은 물과 n-핵산 추출시 원료화분으로부터 거의 대부분 추출되어 나오는 것으로 나타났다. 화분 물 추출물에 함유되어 있는 유리당은 주로 fructose, glucose 이었으며 소량의 maltose도 포함되어 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 고형분 100%에 대한 양으로 환산하면 잡화, 도토리, 송화분의 물 추출물 중 3가지 유리당의 총량이 차지하는 비율이 각각 73.6%, 85.4%, 47.7%로 나타나 물 추출물 중 상당부분이 유리당으로 구성되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 잡화, 도토리, 송화분 모두에 K와 P가 가장 많이 함유되어 있고, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Zn등 여러 종류의 무기질이 골고루 함유되어 있다. 화분에 함유되어 있는 대부분의 무기질은 물 추출에 의해 거의 다 용출되었다. 화분에는 leucine, phenylalanine, methionine, lysine, valine, isoleucine, threonine 등의 필수아미노산들이 풍부하게 함유되어 있었다. 비타민 $B_2$는 화분과 화분의 물 추출물에서만 검출되었을 뿐 비타민 $B_1$이나 비타민 C는 검출되지 않았다. 화분에는 linoleic acid나 linolenic acid 같은 필수지방산이 많이 함유되어 있었으며, 송화분을 제외한 나머지 화분들은 전체 지방간 조성 중 불포화 지방산이 차지하는 비율이 모두 50% 이상인 것으로 나타났다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제4권
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• pp.29-32
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• 1963

콩발아시(發芽時)에 Urea, Sucrose, Gibb 및 이들 혼합액(混合液)을 살포(撒布)하여 성분변화(成分變化)를 보았다. 1) Gibb의 신장(伸長)에 미치는 영향(影響)은 살포(撒布) 2일후(日後)에는 현저하게 나타나며 Gibb구(區) U+S+G구(區) 5일(日)째 것은 대조구(對照區) 7일(日)째것과 비슷하였다. 2) Gibb구(區) U+S+G구(區)가 모두 중량(重量)이 커진것은 다른 작물(作物)에서와 같았으며 Gibb구(區) U+S+G구(區) 5일(日)째것은 7일(日)째것과 같았다. 3) Vit.C 함량(含量)은 살포(撒布) 2일 까지는 처리구(處理區)와 대조구(對照區)사이의 차(差)가 작았으나 4일후(日後)에는 특히 Gibb에서 현저히 나타나며 Gibb에 Urea 및 Sucrose을 혼용(混用)하면 함량(含量)이 오히려 적어진다. 4) Amino태(態) N양(量)은 대조구(對照區)에 비(比)해 Urea구(區) Gibb구(區) U+S구(區)에 많았으며 이는 발아시(發芽時)에 비단백태(非蛋白態)N의 증가(增加)를 의미(意味)한다. 5) 조지방량(組脂肪量)은 처리구(處理區)가 대조구(對照區)보다 $1.6{\sim}5.8%$적으며 조단백질(組蛋白質)은 어느 처리구(處理區)나 대조구(對照區)에 비(比)해 적었으나 U+S+G구(區)만이 많았다. 환원당(還元糖)과 자당(蔗糖)을 처리구(處理區)에서 함량(含量)이 많았으며 특(特)히 U+S+G구(區)는 대조구(對照區)의 거의 배량(倍量)이었다. 6) 콩은 휴면기(休眠期)가 없으니 콩을 Gibb. 또는 U+S+G 액(液)에 침지(浸漬)하지 않고 발아직후(發芽直後)에 살포방법(撒布方法)으로도 결과(結果)를 볼수 있었다. 7) 콩나물에 Gibb.을 사용(使用)하는 것이 신장중량(伸長重量) 및 일부성분(一部成分)이 증가(增加)됨으로 유리(有利)하나 단용(單用)하는 것보다는 Gibb. Urea 및 Sucrose을 혼용(混用)하는 것이 Vit. C양(量)은 환원형(還元型) C.는 1/3 종(縱) Vit.C는 1/2량(量)이나 신장도(伸長度) 및 조지방(組脂肪)은 거이 동일(同一)하며 중량(重量)은 거이 배량(倍量)이고 단백질(蛋白質), 환원당(還元糖), 자당(蔗糖)은 침지7일후(浸漬7日後)에 각각(各各) 10.4, 36.1, 70.5% 많았다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.388-395
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• 2014

본 연구는 잡곡을 이용한 다양한 제품 개발 및 활용성 증대의 일환으로 혼합잡곡분말을 제조하고 이들의 영양성 및 기능성을 측정하였다. 혼합잡곡분말은 조단백질과 조지방의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 혼합잡곡 분말의 주요 유리당은 fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose였으며, 혼합잡곡분말 B가 가장 높은 유리당 함량을, 혼합잡곡분말 D가 가장 높은 유리아미노산 함량을 나타냈다. 또한 주요 무기질은 칼륨(K), 마그네슘(Mg), 칼슘(Ca)으로 나타났다. 총 폴리페놀과 총 플라보노이드 함량은 29.27~52.94 mg/100 g, 2.53~4.94 mg/100 g 범위로 비율에 따라 미비한 차이를 나타내었으며, 혼합잡곡분말 F가 가장 높은 총 폴리페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량을 나타냈다. 혼합잡곡분말의 DPPH radical 소거능과 환원력은 혼합잡곡분말 C가, ABTS radical 소거능은 혼합잡곡분말 D가 가장 높은 활성을 보였으나 시료 C와 D의 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 영양성과 기능성이 높은 혼합잡곡분말 제조를 위해서 시료 D와 같이 보리, 기장, 수수, 율무를 2:2:1:1의 비율로 혼합하는 것이 가장 바람직 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of the mixed application of chemical fertilizer (CF) and liquid swine manure (LSM) on the agronomic characteristics, dry matter yield, amino acids, minerals, and free sugars in cultivating Sorghum ${\times}$ Sudangrass hybrid (SSH) on paddy soil. The field experiment was designed in a randomized block design with three replications and consisted of CF 100% (C), CF 70% + LSM 30% (T1), CF 50% + LSM 50% (T2), CF 30% + LSM 70% (T3), and LSM 100% treatment (T4). The application of LSM was based solely on the nitrogen. Plant length, leaf length, leaf width and number of leaf were significantly higher in T4 (p<0.05), but stem diameter did not show significant differences among treatments. Stem hardness increased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate decreased, but sugar degree decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate decreased. Fresh yield, dry matter yield and TDN yield were the highest in T4, whereas the lowest in T2 (p<0.05). Crude protein, crude fat and crude ash were the highest in C, T4 and T2, respectively (p<0.05). However, NDF and ADF did not show significant difference among treatments. Crude fiber decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate increased. The total mineral content was decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate increased. Total amino acid content was higher in the order of T1> C> T3> T4> T2 (p<0.05). Free sugar content increased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate increased. The analysis of all the above results suggests that the application of liquid swine manure is very effective, considering the yield performance and the content of sugar degree and free sugar. In addition, liquid swine manure may be possible to grow Sorghum ${\times}$ Sudangrass hybrid without chemical fertilizer.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.273-279
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 단백질이 풍부한 원료 콩에 청국장에서 분리한 Bacillus subtilis와 김치에서 분리한 Lactobacillus plantarum을 이용한 혼합발효를 통해 대두 발효 제품의 개발을 목표로 한 연구결과는 다음과 같은 분석 결과를 얻었다. 우수 균주 선별을 위한 연구로 고초균의 경우 단백질 분해능이 높은 균주를 청국장에서 분리하였고, 유산균의 경우 산도 생성이 높은 균주를 김치에서 분리하였다. 그리고 청국장에서 분리한 균주는 Bacillus subtilis로, 김치에서 분리한 균주는 Lactobacillus plantarum으로 동정되었다. 두유 발효에서 pH는 Lactobacillus plantarum를 이용한 두유 발효와 혼합 배양의 경우가 급격한 낮은 경향을 나타내었고, Bacillus subtilis 단독 배양일 경우가 다른 처리구에 비해 완만한 변화를 보였다. Lactobacillus plantarum을 이용한 두유 발효와 혼합 배양의 경우가 lactic acid의 생성은 배양 8시간 이후에 급격히 증가하였으며, Bacillus subtilis 단독 배양의 경우가 완만하게 증가한 경향을 나타내었으며, 이는 pH 분석에서 나타난 결과와 일치하였다. 두유 요구르트 생육도 측정 결과는 혼합 배양의 경우 단독 배양에 비해 증식이 더 우수하였으며, 배양 32시간째 각 처리구별 총 균수는 Lactobacillus plantarum의 경우 $1.02{\times}10^8$ $cfu/m{\ell}$, Bacillus subtilis의 경우 $2.12{\times}10^8$ $cfu/m{\ell}$인데 비해 혼합 배양의 경우는 $4.09{\times}10^8$ $cfu/m{\ell}$로 가장 높았다. ${\alpha}$-Amylase의 활성은 Bacillus subtilis 단독 배양과 혼합 배양일 경우는 8시간 이후 효소 활성이 증가되면서 24시간 동안 발효시 22.01 $unit/m{\ell}$, 8.13 $unit/m{\ell}$로 가장 높았다. Protease의 경우는 Bacillus subtilis 단독 배양과 혼합 배양일 경우는 8시간 이후 활성이 증가하기 시작하여 발효 32시간째 103.08 $unit/m{\ell}$, 85.84 $unit/m{\ell}$로 활성이 높게 나타났다, Lactobacillus plantarum 단독 배양일 경우는 가수분해효소 활성이 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1077-1087
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk of dental caries and erosion associated with beverage consumption by measuring the sugar content and acidity of beverages for children, marketed in general food stores and cooperative living associations in Korea. Methods: Sixty types of children's beverages marketed in Korea were selected for the study. Calories, sodium, and carbohydrates in the nutrients per 100 ml, the sugar content, and pH of each beverage were measured. Frequency analysis, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA were performed (p<0.05). Results: There was no significant difference in sugar content, calories, sodium, and carbohydrate content of regular and cooperative beverages, but the pH of cooperative beverages was significantly higher. Moreover, the mixed drinks had significantly lower sugar content, calories, and carbohydrates than fruit and juice, but the sodium content was significantly higher. Conclusions: When choosing beverages for children, caregivers should be able to easily access information about their impact on the child's oral health. Efforts should be made to maintain appropriate levels of sugar and acidity in beverages for children.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2002년도 국제심포지엄
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• pp.103-103
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate cryopreservation of pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata martensii larvae. Four cooling rates (-0.25, -0.5, -0.75 and -1.0$^{\circ}C$/min.) were used to examine a proper cooling rate during cryopreservation of trochophores before seeding temperature (-12$^{\circ}C$). Seven developmental stages (early and late trochophores, early and late D-shaped larvae and early, middle and late umbo stage larvae) and different sugars (fructose, glucose and sucrose) were used to investigate optimal larval stage and effective sugar in cryopreservation of larvae. The survival rates of frozen-thawed trochophores increased at cooling rate of -1.0$^{\circ}C$/min. As larval developing, survival rate of frozen-thawed larvae increased, except umbo stage larvae, and especially late D-shaped larvae highly survived as 91%. Addition of sugar revealed positive effect on cryopreservation in this experiment and 0.2 M glucose and sucrose mixed with 2.0 M dimethyl sulfoxide significantly enhanced survival rate of larvae (P<0.05). The results of our study indicate that desirable cooling rate, developmental stages of larvae and effective sugar far cryopreservation of pearl oyster, P. fucata martensii larvae are -1$^{\circ}C$/min, late D-shaped larvae and 0.2 M glucose and sucrose, respectively.