• 태양에너지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1986

In this study, an experimental double diffusive thermohaline system heated from below was constructed and the phenomena of each layer developed in the system were observed. The experiment was performed with the initial salt concentration gradient of $-436.2kg/m^4$ and the net heat flux of approximately $176w/m^2$. An electroconductivity-temperature probe was made and used for the measurements of salt concentration. As the result of this study, it was found that the salt concentration decreased in the bottom mixed layer and increased in the top mixed layer during the experiment while the salt concentration gradient in the diffusive layer unchanged. It was also found that the interfacial boundary layers were due largely to variations in salt concentration rather than temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.58-69
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• 2024

To evaluate the adhesive characteristics of mixed cross-laminated timber (CLT) using domestic softwoods structural lumber proposed by KS F 3020 and yellow poplar, penetration depth of adhesive and thickness of bonding line were analyzed based on the results of boiling water soaking delamination. 3 Types of adhesives and 2 types of major layer were divided into a 5 ply CLT using yellow popular as minor layer. The bonding performance of the mixed CLT as structural members was evaluated based on the KS F 2081. The thickness of bonding line between layers of the mixed CLT was measured with a scanning electron microscope, and the adhesive penetration depth in the layer members was measured with an optical microscope. As a result of boiling water soaking delamination test of mixed CLT, the CLT specimens using PRF and PUR adhesives met the requirements of KS F 2081. It was verified that the penetration path of the adhesive in the layes was mainly through the tracheid cell in the case of Japanese larch and Korean red pine layers, and through the vessel and radial tissue in yellow popular layers. The penetration depth of the adhesive was the highest for the PRF adhesive under the same pressing time conditions, and the thickness of the bonding line was in inverse proportion to the penetration depth in the case of the PUR adhesive.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1259-1268
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• 2015

음향층심도의 변화에 대한 이해는 해양상층에서 수중음향 통신, 음향 토모그레피 및 수중항체를 수색하거나 탐지하는 해군 작전에 많은 영향을 미친다. 일반적으로 음향층심도와 혼합층깊이의 정의는 다르게 내려져있으나 혼합층 깊이가 음향학적으로는 음향층심도와 같다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 동해에서 가용한 수온-염분 관측자료를 활용하여 연간 음향층심도와 혼합층깊이를 비교해 보았다. 비교를 위해 다양한 혼합층깊이 결정 기준과 방법으로부터 도출된 혼합층깊이 자료를 활용하였다. 분석결과 동해에서 음향층심도는 곡률변화를 이용한 혼합층깊이와 거의 유사하였으나 다른 혼합층깊이 기준을 적용하였을 시는 많은 차이를 보였다. 한편 음향층심도 계산의 정확도를 평가해 보기 위해 음파전달손실 모의 실험을 실시하였다. 이를 통해 음향층심도내에서 음파전달손실이 최소가 되는 최적주파수가 존재함을 확인하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1158-1165
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• 2021

본 논문은 메모리의 사이즈를 줄이기 위해 Pooling Layer가 MAC에 통합된 구조의 최적화된 CNN가속기를 설계하는 것을 제안한다. 메모리와 데이터 전달 회로의 최소화를 위해 MNIST를 이용하여 학습된 32bit 부동소수점 가중치 값을 8bit로 양자화하여 사용하였다. 가속기칩 크기의 최소화를 위해 MNIST용 CNN 모델을 1개의 Convolutional layer, 4*4 Max Pooling, 두 개의 Fully connected layer로 축소하였고 모든 연산에는근사화 덧셈기와 곱셈기가 들어간 특수 MAC을 사용한다. Convolution 연산과 동시에 Pooling이 동작하도록 설계하여 내장 메모리를 94% 만큼 축소하였으며, pooling 연산의 지연 시간을 단축했다. 제안된 구조로 MNIST CNN 가속기칩을 TSMC 65nm GP 공정으로 설계한 결과 기존 연구결과의 절반 크기인 0.8mm x 0.9mm = 0.72mm²의 초소형 가속기 설계 결과를 도출하였다. 제안된 CNN 가속기칩의 테스트 결과 94%의 높은 정확도를 확인하였으며, 100MHz 클럭 사용시 MNIST 이미지당 77us의 빠른 처리 시간을 획득하였다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.244-254
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• 2018

Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, is subject to high levels of atmospheric pollution during winter, which severely threatens the health of the population. By analyzing surface meteorological data, ground-based LIDAR data, and radiosonde data collected from 2008 to 2016, we studied seasonal variations in particulate matter (PM) concentration, visibility, relative humidity, temperature inversion layer thickness, and temperature inversion intensity. PM concentrations started to exceed the 24-h average standard ($50{\mu}g/m^3$) in mid-October and peaked from December to January. Visibility showed a significant negative correlation with PM concentration. Relative humidity was within the range of 60-80% when there were high PM concentrations. Both temperature inversion layer thickness and intensity reached maxima in January and showed similar seasonal variations with respect to PM concentration. The monthly average temperature inversion intensity showed a strong positive correlation with the monthly average $PM_{2.5}$ concentration. Furthermore, the temperature inversion layer thickness exceeded 500 m in midwinter and overlaid the weak mixed layer during daytime. Radiative cooling enhanced by the basin-like terrain led to a stable urban atmosphere, which strengthened particulate air pollution.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2008년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.1215-1218
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• 2008

We investigate the effect of a light emitting layer (EML) sequence and an interlayer on the performance of the phosphorescent-fluorescent mixed white organic light emitting diodes. Two types of phosphorescent-fluorescent mixed system were evaluated. The proper position of each primary color EML was crucial to obtain best performance in each system whereas the effect of an interlayer was found to be different in both systems.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.194-202
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• 2018

연구방법: 지반을 구성하고 있는 각각의 재료들의 공학적 구분을 위하여 토사, 자갈, 호박돌 등의 용어가 사용되고 있으나, 기관별로 제시된 기준의 차이와 관용적 사용으로 인하여 지반에 대한 정확한 표현상의 어려움이 발생하고 있으므로 각 기관별로 상이한 용어 및 크기에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 연구목적: 시추 기술자의 경험적 판단에 의한 지층 판별이 관행적으로 이루어지는 문제점이 있다. 이러한 것들이 지반분야의 혼란을 야기할 수 있다. 따라서, 통일된 기준을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구결과: 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 각 기관별로 상이한 용어 및 크기에 대한 정리를 통하여 합리적인 기준을 제시하였다. 결론: 시추에 의한 지반조사에서 모래, 자갈, 호박돌 등 채취된 시료의 중량비, 출현빈도 및 시료길이 등을 활용하여 비교적 객관적으로 토층을 분류할 수 있는 합리적인 모델을 제시하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.21-24
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• 2006

Processes controlling the interannual variation of mixed layer temperature (MLT) averaged over the NINO3 domain ($150-90^{\circ}W$, $5^{\circ}N-5^{\circ}S$) are studied using an ocean data assimilation product that covers the period of 1993 to 2003. Advective tendencies are estimated here as the temperature fluxes through the domain's boundaries, with the boundary temperature referenced to the domain-averaged temperature to remove the dependence on temperature scale. The overall balance is such that surface heat flux opposes the MLT change but horizontal advection and subsurface processes assist the change. The zonal advective tendency is caused primarily by large-scale advection of warm-pool water through the western boundary of the domain. The meridional advective tendency is contributed mostly by Ekman current advecting large-scale temperature anomalies though the southern boundary of the domain. Unlike many previous studies, we explicitly evaluate the subsurface processes that consist of vertical mixing and entrainment. In particular, a rigorous method to estimate entrainment allows an exact budget closure. The vertical mixing across the mixed layer (ML) base has a contribution in phase with the MLT change. The entrainment tendency due to temporal change in ML depth is negligible comparing to other subsurface processes. The entrainment tendency by vertical advection across the ML base is dominated by large-scale changes in wind-driven upwelling and temperature of upwelling water. Tropical instability waves (TIWs) result in smaller-scale vertical advection that warms the domain during La Ni? cooling events. When the advective tendencies are evaluated by spatially averaging the conventional local advective tendencies of temperature, the apparent effects of currents with spatial scales smaller than the domain (such as TIWs) become very important as they redistribute heat within the NINO3 domain. However, such internal redistribution of heat does not represent external processes that control the domain-averaged MLT.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1998년도 제14회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.135-136
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• 1998

By the ion bombardment the original discrete layered structure is damaged and a uniformly mixed layer is formed by the intermixing of the films. Immediately after this dynamic cascade mixing a structure of this mixed layer is likely to be a mixture of randomly distributed atoms. Subsequently the mixed layered structure becomes a non-equilibrium structure such as the metastable pphase because the kinetic energies of the incident ions rappidly dissippate and host atoms within the collision cascade region are quenched from a highly energetic state. The formation of the metastable transition metal alloys using ion-beam-mixing has been extensively studied for many years because of their sppecific ppropperties that differ from those of bulk materials. in ion-beam-mixing the alloy or comppound is formed due to the atomic interaction between different sppecies during ion bombardment. in this study the metastable pphase formed by ion-beam-mixing pprocess is comppared with equilibrium one by arc-melting method by GXRD and XAS. Therfore we studied the fundamental characteristics of charge redistribution uppon alloying and formation of intermetallic comppounds. The multi-layer films were depposited on a wet-oxidized Si(100) substrate by sequential electron beam evapporation at a ppressure of less than 5$\times$10-7 Torr during depposition. These compprise 4 ppairs of Co and ppt layers where thicknesses of each layer were varied in order to change the alloy compposition.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a method to optimize the geometry and installation position of the mixer in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system by computational fluid dynamic(CFD). Using the commercial CFD software of CFD-ACE+, the flow dynamics of the flue gas was numerically analyzed for improving the injection uniformity of the reduction agent. Numerical analysis of the mixed gas heat flow into the upstream side of the primary SCR catalyst layer was performed when the denitrification facility was operated. The characteristics such as the flow rate, temperature, pressure loss and ammonia concentration of the mixed gas consisting of the flue gas and the ammonia reducing gas were examined at the upstream of the catalyst layer of SCR. The temperature difference on the surface of the catalyst layer is very small compared to the flow rate of the exhaust gas, and the temperature difference caused by the reducing gas hardly occurs because the flow rate of the reducing gas is very small. When the mixed gas is introduced into the SCR reactor, there is a slight tendency toward one wall. When the gas passes through the catalyst layer having a large pressure loss, the flow angle of the exhaust gas changes because the direction of the exhaust gas changes toward a smaller flow. Based on the uniformity of the flow rate of the mixed gas calculated at the SCR, it is judged that the position of the test port reflected in the design is proper.