• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.189-195
• /
• 2004

1bis study investigated the antioxidative effect in kidney of senescence-accelerated prone SAMP8 mice with calorie restriction. 4-weeks-old SAMP8 female mice were divided into 4 groups according to the experimental feeding period: for 4, 8, 12 month, and at natural death. Each group was subdivided into 2 groups, with thirteen mice each one, as ad libitum group and as dietary restriction group (60% of ad libitum feeding amount). After feeding for a given period, the mice were sacrificed to get the following results: among the experimental groups, there wereno significant differences in xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity in their kidney tissues. The contents of cytochrome $P_{450}$ decreased in ad libitum group and dietary restriction group by age. The activity of NADPH-cytochrome $P_{450}$ reductase showed a trend similar to cytochrome $P_{450}$. Superoxide radical content increased with age. At the 4th, 8th and 12 months of the experimental period, the activity in the dietary restriction group was less than that of ad libitum group by as much as 17% 14% and 14% respectively. For hydrogen peroxide, the contents were increased in the ad libitum group with age, while no correlation between content and age was observed in the dietary restriction group. In the 8th and 12th months of the experimental period, the were in the dietary restriction group less than that of ad libitum group counterpart as much as 17% and 20o/c, respectively. For the cellular membrane stability of the kidney, no significant correlation with age was observed in either the dietary restriction group or the ad libitum group. However at the 12th month of the experiment, however, the stability in the dietary restriction group was 11 % higher than that in the ad libitum group. In conclusion, with these results obtained from the SAMP8 mouse model, we demonstrate that dietary restriction has the effects of anti-oxidation and anti-senescence in the kidney.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.555-563
• /
• 1999

This study was executed for 300 mothers bringing up a child below 3 years in the area of Kangnung to assess the current weaning practice of infants. 24.6% of mother surveyed were breast-fed, 57.8% were formula-fed and 17.5% were mixed-fed. The rate of breast feeding was lower and the rate of bottle feeding was higher in infants whose mothers had more income or higher educational period or full-time job. Most of the respondents knew the significance of supplementary food. 41.4% of the subjects started weaning of their infants at 3-4 months, and 84.1% of them set on weaning in less than 7 months after babies were born. And 39.4% of the subjects finished weaning of their infants in less than one year. The infants of this study preferred the fruits and fishes to meats, vegetables and beans that served to them as supplementary food. Mothers showed deep interest in recipe of weaning food(48.5%), adequate quantity of weaning food(36.3%), information on commercial food for infants(32.2%), and sequence in which semi-solid food are introduced(31.9%). From these results, it is suggested that education program in primary health center for improvement of weaning practice of infants should be implemented reflecting needs of mothers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.58 no.2
• /
• pp.9.1-9.5
• /
• 2016

Background: Literature is lacking on the effects of feeding by-product feed (BF)-based silage on rumen fermentation parameters, nutrient digestion and nitrogen (N) retention in sheep. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of replacing rye straw with BF-based silage as a roughage source on ruminal parameters, total-tract apparent nutrient digestibility, and N balance in sheep. Methods: The by-product feed silage was composed of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) (45 %), recycled poultry bedding (RPB) (21 %), rye straw (11 %), rice bran (10.8 %), corn taffy residue (10 %), protected fat (1.0 %), bentonite (0.6 %), and mixed microbial additive (0.6 %). Six sheep were assigned randomly to either the control (concentrate mix + rye straw) or a treatment diet (concentrate mix + BF-based silage). Results: Compared with the control diet, feeding a BF-based silage diet resulted in similar ruminal characteristics (pH, acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations, and acetate: propionate ratio), higher (p < 0.05) ruminal NH3-N, higher (p < 0.05) ether extract digestibility, similar crude protein digestibility, lower (p < 0.05) dry matter, fiber, and crude ash digestibilities, and higher (p < 0.05) N retention (g/d) Conclusion: The BF-based silage showed similar energy value, higher protein metabolism and utilization, and lower fiber digestion in sheep compared to the control diet containing rye straw.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.437-447
• /
• 1998

In mass production of larval rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, high mortality had been observed frequently. This may be the consequence of the low nutritional quality of the live feeds used. This experiment was designed to find out a suitable diet for the mass production of rockfish larvae. Three kinds of live feeds were tested ; plutei of sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus), L-type rotifers (Brachionus plicatiilis) and Artemia naupii. The latter two were enriched with ${\omega}$-yeast, Spirulina platensis and Super Selco before feeding to rockfish larvae. The sea urchin plutei caused to poor survival and growth rates for larval rockfish, and therefore, they were not seemed as proper feed for rockfish larvae. Enrichments of rotifers and Artemia nauplii with ${\omega}$-yeast, Spirulina platensis, or Super Selco improved survival and growth rate. But, rotifers enriched with Super Selco resulted in better rockfish larvae survival than those enriched with ${\omega}$-yeast. A sudden increase of mortality occurred around 11 days after birth. In this critical period, a shift feed such as Artemia nauplii had been supplemented with rotifers. After this critical transition period, the moratality gradually decreased by feeding Artemia nauplii enriched with PUFA. Feeding of mixed feed with rotifers and Artemia nauplii resulted in better larval survival and growth than those of each live food alone.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.115-126
• /
• 2005

Objective : The aim of this study is to investigate rota virus infection of neonates In the Postpartum care center. Methods : This clinical study was carried out with the 205 neonates who admitted to the Postpartum Care Center of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Oriental Medicine Hospital, from July, 2004 to July, 2005. Stools were examined daily with Rotazyme ELISA tests(Bio Line Rota Virus, SD Standard Diagnostics, INC.) for 3 days from the day of admission. Supplementary test was examined when change was found in stools. Results : Among 205 newborn babies, 58 cases turned out to be positive. The positive rate of rota virus was not significantly related to sex, birth weight, gestation age. But, it was significantly related to delivery method and it was higher in caesarean section group. The manifestation rates of symptoms were 51.7% in Rotazyme positive neonates. In the Rotazyme positive 58 cases, 30 cases(51.7%) had diarrhea, 8 cases had fever(13.8%), 1 case(1.7%) had vomiting. The positive rate of rota virus was higher during from october to march. There were 190 cases(92.2%) of mixed feeding and 15 cases(7.8%) of artificial feeding. There was significance between breast feeding and the positive rate of rota virus. There was no significance between hospital of birth and the rate of positive rotazyme test. Conclusions : A further study of neonates in postpartum care center is necessary as preference of postpartum care center was increased. And the oriental medicine treatment of rota virus IS expected to be effective, so a further study is necessary.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.304-315
• /
• 2022

Background: Filter-feeding zooplankton has limited food resources owing to their habitat. Consequently, it is crucial for them to acquire all essential compounds, such as fatty acids (FAs) and amino acids, from confined diets. To elucidate the trophic transfer of FAs to filter feeders, the primary consumers in freshwater ecosystems, we compared the FA accumulation patterns of two species of filter-feeding zooplankton, Daphnia magna and Branchinella kugenumaensis, in a laboratory experiment. Experimental neonates and nauplii preyed on a single phytoplankton species (Selenastrum capricornutum) for three days after hatching prior to diet switching. Five replicates per feeding group in each species were fed on six different types of mixed phytoplankton diet for 10 days after diet switching. Subsequently, the consumers and diets were harvested and FAs were extracted. Results: Principal component analysis showed that the FA profiles of zooplankton were well-grouped by species and diet. Although diet affects the FA profiles of consumers, they exhibit different FA accumulation patterns. D. magna had a higher 18C-ω3 content and ω3/ω6 ratio than did B. kugenumaensis. In contrast, B. kugenumaensis had higher contents of 18:1ω7 and 20:5ω3 (eicosapentaenoic acid), 22:6ω3 (docosahexaenoic acid), and a higher ratio of ∑18C monounsaturated FAs to ∑18C-ω3 polyunsaturated FAs than did D. magna. Conclusions: This study showed that two primary consumers, D. magna and B. kugenumaensis, fed the same diet had different assimilation patterns of FAs under controlled environments. Specific FA accumulation patterns in filter feeders can provide information on the transfer process of various FAs to high-trophic organisms.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.32 no.12
• /
• pp.995-998
• /
• 2023

This study aimed to determine the effect of feeding Hermetia illucens (H.illucens) pellets with canine diets on fecal properties and digestibility. The canine breeds used in this experiment were nine dogs without discriminating between genders: 3 Maltese (average weight 2.0 kg), 3 Chihuahua (average weight 1.0 kg), and 3 Poodles (average weight 2.5 kg). As canine diets, 70 g of regular diets were mixed with 30 g of H.illucens pellets, and 100 g was weighed on a scale. Dog were fed the experimental diets once a day. No significant changes were observed in the fecal properties in the three types of canines fed a mixture of pellets and canine diets at Days 0 and 7 (p>0.05). At Day 0, the fecal properties of all canines appeared in a less solid state, with scores ranging from 2.00 to 2.22; however, at Day 7, the fecal properties improved to normal (3.00 to 3.33). In addition, the results for nutrient digestibility showed that dry matter and crude fat digestibility were significant (p<0.05); however, crude protein and crude ash digestibility were not affected (p>0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that feeding a mixture of H.illucens pellets and canine diets to companion canines has beneficial effects on fecal properties and digestibility without adverse effect.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.659-665
• /
• 2016

The effects of three different feeding systems on beef cattle production performance, rumen fermentation, and rumen digesta particle structure were investigated by using 18 Limousin (steers) with a similar body weight ($575{\pm}10kg$) in a 80-d experiment. The animals were equally and randomly divided into three treatment groups, namely, total mixed ration group (cattle fed TMR), SI1 group (cattle fed concentrate firstly then roughage), and SI2 group (cattle fed roughage firstly then concentrate). The results showed that the average daily gain was significantly higher in cattle receiving TMR than in those receiving SI1 and SI2 (p<0.05). Consumption per kg weight gain of concentrate, silage, and combined net energy (NEmf) were significantly decreased when cattle received TMR, unlike when they received SI1 and SI2 (p<0.05), indicating that the feed efficiency of TMR was the highest. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was significantly decreased when cattle received TMR compared with that in cattle receiving SI1 (p<0.05), whereas there was no difference compared with that in cattle receiving SI2. Ammonia nitrogen concentration was significantly lower in cattle receiving TMR than in those receiving SI1 and SI2 (p<0.05). The rumen area of cattle that received TMR was significantly larger than that of cattle receiving SI1 (p<0.05), but there was no difference compared with that of cattle receiving SI2. Although there was no significant difference among the three feeding systems in rumen digesta particle distribution, the TMR group trended to have fewer large- and medium-sized particles and more small-sized particles than those in the SI1 and SI2 groups. In conclusion, cattle with dietary TMR showed increased weight gain and ruminal development and decreased BUN. This indicated that TMR feeding was more conducive toward improving the production performance and rumen fermentation of beef cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.8
• /
• pp.1117-1123
• /
• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to compare growth performance, blood components and carcass traits by two feeding systems (concentrate with roughage separately [CON] vs total mixed ration [TMR]) in Hanwoo steers, and to learn the relationship between blood components during fattening or finishing phases and carcass traits in Hanwoo steers. Methods: Sixty steers aged 8 months were allotted to two feeding systems and fed similar amounts of average dry matter and total digestible nutrient throughout whole experimental period according to each feeding program. Steers were weighed monthly, taken blood at the end of growing, fattening and finishing periods, and slaughtered at 30 month of age. Results: Growing performance was higher (p<0.05) in the CON group compared to the TMR group during fattening and finishing periods. The CON group was lower (p<0.05) in blood aspartic acid transaminase, blood urea nitrogen and retinol levels during growing period, but higher in triglyceride and cholesterol levels during fattening and finishing periods compared to the TMR group. The CON group was greater (p<0.05) in rib-eye area, and lighter (p<0.05) red in meat color compared to the TMR group. In the correlation coefficients between blood components of steers and carcass traits, retinol had a negative (p<0.05) correlation with marbling score and rib-eye area. Leptin had a positive (p<0.05) correlation with back fat thickness. Blood cholesterol and triglyceride were positively (p<0.05) correlated with carcass weight and rib-eye area. Conclusion: Growth performance, carcass ribeye area and meat color showed a more desirable result in the CON compared to the TMR in Hanwoo steers. Assessing the accumulated data of carcass traits with blood components including hormones-particularly retinol, cholesterol, triglyceride, and leptin-during the fattening or finishing phases, it may be possible to find a biomarker for determining beef quality in living animals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.309-321
• /
• 1992

A study was designed to assess the current status of infant feeding and weaning practice through an retrospective survey on feeding method, a period of weaning and various kinds of weaning food. Analysing a few influential environmental factors while assessing the level of knowledge today's mothers have on infant nutrition. The results are as follows: 1. As random samples for this study, a total of 516 mothers having infants under the age of 3 were surveyed. Among them, 235 were from Seoul and 281 were from Kyongi province (Yongin, Suwon, Bupyong, Poil, Kihung, Ansan(Chungbuk)). 2. Among the infants who fell under the category of normality (Kaup index $15{\sim}18$), the infants from Seoul area amounted to 60.7%, surpassing the percentage of the infants from Kyongi province, 41.9%. The percentage of the infants belong to a group of under nutrition (Kaup index <13) was relatively higher than that of the infants in a group of overnutrition (Kaup index >20). 3. 16.1% of mother surveyed were breast-fed, 54.6% were formula-fed and 29.3% were mixed-fed. The result indicated that the percentage of breast-fed infants of high-educated, working mothers were relatively lower than those of low-educated housewives. 4. Most of the respondents knew the significance or the necessity of supplementary food in terms of weaning. 5. 98.8% of those surveyed responded that the mother's adequate knowledge on weaning was necessary. 70.1% of them replied that they wanted to get various and in-depth information in printed materials such as books or other kinds of publications. They, also showed deep interest in recipe of weaning food. 6. The average period when those surveyed began weaning of their infants was $4.3{\pm}1.8$ months. The tendency of earlier weaning in 3 months was founded among 41.1% of them. About half of the respondents, 52.3%, started weaning of their infants in $4{\sim}6$ months. In overall, 93.4% of them set on weaning in less than 6 months after babies were born. The survey, in addition, revealed an interesting fact that earlier weaning of infants was shown in the group of high-educated mothers. 7. According to the study, finishing period of weaning was $13.3{\pm}5.4$ months on average. Only 38.9% of the respondents ended weaning of their infants in 12 months, the proper period recommended by renowned experts. In general, the infants on formula-feeding finished their weaning later than those on breast-feeding (p<0.05).