• 펄프종이기술
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.16-24
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• 1997

This experiment was mainly performed with a biological treatment of laser printed paper using enzyme, We got the following conclusions : In the case of nonionic surfactant treatment, brightness, residual ink contents and several strength properties of deinked paper were excellent at the low dosage of cellulase 0.05%. When mixed cellulase and xylanase was used, yield was increased as the dosage increased up to 0.2%, but brightness was decreased at the same condition. In contrast, deinking efficiency of anionic type was reduced in terms of brightness, residual ink contents, and tensile strength. As flotation time was increased, yield decreased and brightness increased slightly. On the other hand, the addition of surfactant during repulping process showed better result than that during flotation process.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2020

Most reports demonstrated the substrate specificity-based kinetic properties of chitin or chitosan degrading enzymes. However, there is virtually less information on the high quality and quantity production of chitin or chitosan hydrolysates having a larger than (GlcN)₇ from the hydrolysis of high molecular weight chitosan using specific enzymes and their biological activity. Therefore, the production of such molecules and the discovery of such enzyme sources are very important. Fortunately, the author has established a mass production method of chitosan hydrolysates (GlcN)_n, n=2-13 that have been characterized as a potent antioxidant substance, as well as antifungal and antibacterial activities against Penicillium species and highly selective pathogenic bacteria. In addition, preclinical studies using (GlcN)_n, n=5-25 demonstrated that these molecules played a very important role in maintaining biometric balance. Collectively, it is implicated that the application of these mixed substances to foods with significant biological activity is very encouraging.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2005

Mixed-mode hydrophobic/ionic matrices exhibit a salt-tolerant property for adsorbing target protein from high-ionic strength feedstock, which allows the application of undiluted feedstock via an expanded bed process. In the present work, a new type of mixed-mode adsorbent designed for expanded bed adsorption, Fastline $PRO^{\circledR}$, was challenged for the capture of nattokinase from the high ionic fermentation broth of Bacillus subtilis. Two important factors, pH and ion concentration, were investigated with regard to the performance of nattokinase ad-sorption. Under initial fermentation broth conditions (pH 6.6 and conductivity of 10 mS/cm) the adsorption capacity of nattokinase with Fastline PRO was high, with a maximum capacity of 5,350 U/mL adsorbent. The elution behaviors were investigated using packed bed adsorption experiments, which demonstrated that the effective desorption of nattokinase could be achieved by effecting a pH of 9.5. The biomass pulse response experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the biomass/adsorbent interactions between Bacillus subtilis cells and Fastline PRO, and to demonstrate a stable expanded bed in the feedstock containing Bacillus subtilis cells. Finally, an EBA process, utilizing mixed-mode Fastline PRO adsorbent, was optimized to capture nattokinase directly from the fermentation broth. The purification factor reached 12.3, thereby demonstrating the advantages of the mixed-mode EBA in enzyme separation.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.191-198
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• 1985

루우핀콩 단백질 농축물(LPC)을 이용한 두유에 7가지 유산균과 13가지 유산균 조합을 접종하여 유생성능력을 검토하고 루우핀 두유에 탄수화물 분해 효소로 처리한 것과 하지 않은 것의 차이를 살펴보았다. 그 결과, L. acidophilus, L. casei, S. lactis, L. mesenteroides, L. acidophilus와 S. thermophilus의 혼합균과 S. lactis와 L. mesenteroides의 혼합균을 선정하여 탄수화물 분해효소로 처리한 루우핀 두유와 처리하지 않은 루우핀 두유에서의 유산균의 생육과 산생성 능력을 조사하였다. 효소처리에 의한 루우핀 두유의 당조성은 처리하지 않은 루우핀 두유에 비하여 Fructose가 8.2배, Glucose가 3.0배 그리고 maltose가 2.3배였으며 총 유이당 함량은 1.5배였다. 효소처리하지 않은 루우핀 두유에서는 L., mesenteroides가 최대 생균수 1.0 $\times$ $10^{9}$ $m\ell$, 최종 pH 4.40 및 최종 산도 0.46%를 나타내어 가장 우수하였으며 효소 처리한 루우핀 두유에서는 L. acidophilus와 S. thermophilus의 혼합균이 최대 생균수 1.9 $\times$ $10^{9}$ $m\ell$, 최종 pH 3.69 및 최종 산도 1.13%를 보여주어 가장 뛰어난 유산균 조합임을 나타내었다. 유산 발효를 통한 루우핀 두유의 물리적 성질의 변화를 살펴보면 대체로 발효가 진행됨에 따라 효소처리하지 않은 루우핀 두유 기질에서는 점도가 증가하였고, 효소처리한 기질에서는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 발효된 루우핀 두유의 점도변화와 심전속도는 유산균에 따라 다양함을 보여주었다. 관능 검사 결과에서 효소처리한 루우핀 두유를 S. lactis 및 L. casei로 배양한 것과 S. lactis와 L. mesenteroides 및 L. acidophilus와 S. thermophilus의 혼합균으로 배양한 것이 비교적 우수한 풍미를 지녔으며 유산균 음료로서의 사용 가능성이 확인되었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2009

본 연구는 목재부후균 유래 $\beta$-글루코시다제, 엑소글루카나제 및 엔도글루카나제 유전자를 함유한 형질전환체 효모를 배양한 액상섬유소분해효소에 대하여 인공반추위 배양시험을 통해 완전혼합사료에 대한 적용 수준 조사와 더불어 한우 비육 거세우의 사양시험을 통해 2 종류의 액상섬유소분해효소를 완전혼합사료에 1.0% 수준으로 첨가 급여하여 가축의 성장, 영양소소화율에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 1. 인공반추위 배양시험을 통해 완전혼합사료에 대한 액상 섬유소분해효소 첨가에 의해 pH가 약간 증가하는 경향이었다. 휘발성지방산에서 acetate 비율이 배양 12와 24시간에 유의적으로(p<0.05) 높게 나타났으며 총휘발성지방산 농도 역시 배양 12와 24시간에 유의적으로(p<0.05) 증가시켰으며 1.0% 첨가구에서 효과적이었다. 건물소화율은 배양 24시간에 액상 섬유소분해효소 첨가구에서 유의적으로(p<0.05) 증가하였다. 2. 한우 거세우 사양시험에서는 액상 섬유소분해효소 급여에 의해 일당증체량과 사료효율이 개선되는 경향이었다. 영양소 소화율에서는 DM, 조섬유, NDF 및 ADF 소화율이 액상 섬유소분해효소 첨가에 의해 유의적으로(p<0.05) 증가하였다. 따라서 인공반추위 배양시험을 통해 액상 섬유소분해효소 1.0% 첨가가 비교적 반추위발효 양상을 개선시키었으며, 한우 사양시험에서도 2종류의 액상 섬유소분해효소 1.0% 급여가 일당증체량 및 사료효율 개선효과가 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 1996

A series of in vitro experiments was conducted to investigate response of rumen bacterial deamination to the ionophore salinomycin. Addition of salinomycin to the inoculum, strained rumen fluid, depressed ammonia production from casein, while increased accumulation of ${\alpha}$-amino acids. This suggests an inhibitory effect of salinomycin on ruminal deamination. When the effect in washed bacterial suspension was monitored with individual amino acid, aspartic acid degradation was markedly inhibited by salinomycin. This inhibition was not observed when the mixed rumen bacteria were ultrasonically disrupted and used as the enzyme source. Extent of the inhibition tended to be higher in the bacteria source from sheep on a high roughage diet. From these results it was speculated that the inhibition of deamination with salinomycin is caused by a decreased transport of amino acid into the bacterial cells as well as a decreased proportion of deaminating bacteria in the rumen.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 1988

The effects of altering the hepatic mixed-function oxidase(MFO) activities on the acute toxicity of parathion were examined in female rats. Phenobarbital sodium pretreatment (50mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 4 consecutive days has resulted in significant decreases in the toxicity of parathion (2 or 4 mg/kg, i.p.) as determined by lethality and cholinesterase activities wheras the toxicity arising from a single dose of CCl4(2 mmol/kg, i.p.) 24 hr prior to parathion challenge was potentiated.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 1987

Nicotine, the main alkaloid of tobacco, showed different effect according to the enzyme. Among investigated enzymes, protease was inactivated remarkably by nicotine and the mode of inhibition was examined. $\alpha$-amylase and $\beta$-amylase were not affected, and cellulase and glucoamylase were inactivated partially when the concentration of it was over 1.0% , but protease was inhibited powerfully by nicotine The inhibition of protease by nicotine was performed almost in the initial stage of reaction, and was not so much affected by temperature, and was reversible. The inhibition type of protease by nicotine appeared as a Mixed-type inhibition.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.231-238
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• 1991

The pesticide and carcinogen ethylene dibromide(EDB) is metabolized both by cytosolic GSH S-transferase and by microsomal mixed function oxygenase. Cytochrome P-450 IIE1 appears to be major enzyme to metabolize EDB.EDB is activated to a mutagen by enzymatic conjugation with glutathione (GSH). Such activation is an exception to the general mode of detoxification via GSH S-transferase action. The primary DNA adduct (>95) is S-[2-(N7-guanyl)ethyl] GSH and a minor adduct is S-[2-(N7-guanyl)ethyl]cysteine, which is excreted in the urine and may serve as a biomarker of damage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.282-295
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• 2005

The processing of dietary lipids can be distinguished in several sequential steps, including their emulsification, hydrolysis and micellization, before they are absorbed by the enterocytes. Emulsification of lipids starts in the stomach and is mediated by physical forces and favoured by the partial lipolysis of the dietary lipids due to the activity of gastric lipase. The process of lipid digestion continues in the duodenum where pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase (PTL) releases 50 to 70% of dietary fatty acids. Bile salts at low concentrations stimulate PTL activity, but higher concentrations inhibit PTL activity. Pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase activity is regulated by colipase, that interacts with bile salts and PTL and can release bile salt mediated PTL inhibition. Without colipase, PTL is unable to hydrolyse fatty acids from dietary triacylglycerols, resulting in fat malabsorption with severe consequences on bioavailability of dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. Furthermore, carboxyl ester lipase, a pancreatic enzyme that is bile salt-stimulated and displays wide substrate reactivities, is involved in lipid digestion. The products of lipolysis are removed from the water-oil interface by incorporation into mixed micelles that are formed spontaneously by the interaction of bile salts. Monoacylglycerols and phospholipids enhance the ability of bile salts to form mixed micelles. Formation of mixed micelles is necessary to move the non-polar lipids across the unstirred water layer adjacent to the mucosal cells, thereby facilitating absorption.