• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.658-665
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• 2009

Quality control QC for spot-uniformity is a critical point in fabricating an oligonucleotide array, and quantification of targets is very important in array analysis. We developed two new types of QC probes as a means of confirming the quality of the uniformity of attached probes and the quantification of targets. We compared the signal intensities and fluorescent images of the QC and target-specific probes of arrays containing only target-specific probes and those containing both QC and target-specific probes. In a comparison of quality control methods, it was found that the arrays containing QC probes could check spot-uniformity or spot defects during all processes of array fabrication, including after spotting, after washing, and after hybridization. In a comparison of quantification results, the array fabricated by the method using QC probes showed linear and regular results because it was possible to normalize variations in spot size and morphology and amount of attached probe. This method could avoid errors originating in probe concentration and spot morphology because it could be normalized by QC probes. There were significant differences in the signal intensities of all mixtures (P<0.05). This result indicates that the method using QC probes is more useful than the ordinary method for quantification of mixed target. In the quantification of mixed targets, this method could determine a range for mixed targets of various amounts. Our results suggest that methods using QC probes for array fabrication are very useful to the quality control of spots in the fabrication processes of quantitative oligonucleotide arrays.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2018

A quantitation method for free amino acids in human serum was developed using a stepwise-dilution method and a bimodal cation exchange (CEX)/hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-tandem mass spectrometry system equipped with an electrospray ionization source (ESI/MS/MS). This method, which was validated using quality control samples, was optimized for enhanced selectivity and sensitivity. Dithiothreitol (DTT) was used as a reducing agent to prevent the oxidation of a serum sample ($50{\mu}L$), which was then subjected to stepwise dilution using 3, 30, and 90 volumes of acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Imtakt Intrada Amino Acid column ($50mm{\times}3mm$, $3{\mu}m$) in mixed mode packed with CEX and HILIC ligands embedded in the stationary phase. Underivatized free amino acids were eluted and separated within 10 min. As a result of the validation, the precision and accuracy for the inter- and intraday assays were determined as 2.11-11.51% and 92.82-109.40%, respectively. The lowest limit of quantification (LLOQ) was $0.5-4.0{\mu}g/mL$ and the matrix effect was 80.22-115.93%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of free amino acids in human serum.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.45-58
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• 2021

This study investigated the dietary effect of total mixed ration (TMR) based on high roughage content on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of Hanwoo steers. Twenty-four Hanwoo steers (average body weight, 195.3±4.7 kg; age, 8.5 mon) were randomly allocated to three experimental groups according to forage and concentrate ratio (DM basis): 25:75 (control), 50:50 (T50), and 70:30 (T70). Productivity in the fattening period and final body weight were significantly higher in the control. Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were the same among treatments. Serum parameters, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, and total protein were higher in the control. Carcass weight was comparable in the control and T50 but feeding more roughage was significantly correlated with a higher intramuscular fat. Shear strength and drip loss were higher while n-6/n-3 was lower in T70 compared to the other groups. However, meat color was not significantly different among treatments. In terms of free amino acid contents, glutamic acid and glycine were higher in the control than T50 and T70. Overall, feeding Hanwoo steers with high forage content TMR had the lowest n-6/n-3 ratio of fatty acid content but highest intramuscular fat, shear strength, and drip loss. High forage content TMR is the best feed for Hanwoo steers that gives more benefits for human health and consumption but also provides the best meat grade and quality, which is important in the beef market in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.275-275
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• 2013

Formation and characterization of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on various surfaces are the essential basis for many other applications, including molecular switches, biosensors, microfluidics, and fundamental studies in surfaces and interfaces. To improve the performance at these applications, it is a key to control the quantity of each molecule in various mixed SAMs on the surface. In this study, using mixed SAM of carbamate-based hydroquinone (HQ)-PhBr and11-mercaptoundecanol, the quantitative mass spectrometric method of mixed SAM was developed based on comparison study with XPS and FT-IR methods. In addition, our method was applied to another mixed SAM of biotinylated PEG alkane thiol and 11-mercaptoundecanol for verification purpose. Time-of-flight secondary mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) analysis was performed to identify and quantify each molecule of mixed SAM along with principal component analysis (PCA). Since there is no matrix effect in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) techniques, we compared ToF-SIMS results with XPS and FT-IR results. Because PCA results from ToF-SIMS analysis are well matched with XPS and FT-IR results from both mixed SAMs, we are expecting that our method will be useful to identify and quantify each molecule in various mixed SAMs.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2012

Early growth, pigmentation, protein content, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity of red curly lettuces (Lactuca sativa L.) grown under different lighting conditions were investigated. Fluorescent lamps (control), blue, red, and blue plus red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were used as light sources for 10 days. An equal proportion (1:1) of blue and red LEDs was used in the mixed radiation condition. Compared with the control, monochromic red or blue lighting increased fresh and dry weights of 'Ttuksum' and 'Jaju' lettuces. Anthocyanin synthesis was also significantly promoted by the mixed radiation of blue and red LEDs. The mixed radiation also increased the protein content and PAL enzyme activity of 'Ttuksum' leaves by about 200% compared to other treatments. Anthocyanin content was the highest in lettuces subjected to the mixture radiation of blue and red light treatment, while anthocyanin synthesis was inhibited by monochromic red light. The results of the present study indicate that growth and pigment synthesis in lettuces are significantly enhanced by exposure to mixed radiation from blue and red LEDs.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.81-93
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• 2022

In an era where non-face-to-face meetings become common, eXtended Reality(XR) is rapidly developing and filling areas that are not satisfied in online meetings based on existing photos/video method. In particular, general users are also able to easily access and use HMD-type mixed reality devices. However, the basic operations applied in HMD-type in Mixed Reality(MR) with hands as the main input tool do not have a standardized system, and each manufacturer operates in a separate response to each other's hand movements. Therefore, this study considered that a systematic hand motion matching system considering the usability and efficiency of operations performed in mixed reality was necessary, and conducted a study to clarify this. First, the basic operation performed in the MR environment and its attributes were investigated, and at the same time, the structure of the hand and the attributes of the possible hand movements were identified. Based on the identified properties, it is intended to present a system that can intuitively and efficiently match basic operation properties in the MR environment with subtle operation properties according to the structure/context of the hand.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.143-152
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• 2008

Mixed-planting of two rice cultivars, HP ('Hopyeongbyeo') and NP ('Nampyeongbyeo'), having a dissimilar susceptibility to rice blast was practiced for chemical-free control of rice blast in the field. The HP/NP combination was selected for applying under mechanized agricultural conditions. Because they have similar genetic characteristics such as seed germination and heading time, culm length, rice quality and size of rice grains except susceptibility to blast. Incidence of panicle blast was reduced 50.4 % compare with supposed blast incidence by HP/NP mixed-planting when the seeds of two cultivars were combined 1 to 1 as weight. Supposed blast incidence was estimated from reduction of rice blast caused by addition of a resistant cultivar NP. Race diversity of Magnaporthe oryzae was examined for correlation with control effect of HP/NP mixed-planting on rice blast. The population of dominant race KJ-101 was diminished and replaced with various co-existing races and eleven new races were appeared in mixed-planting plot. Total number of race isolated from mixed-planting plot was not largely different from mono-culture. However, detection frequency of the new race was increased and variation of the population size of each race was decreased in mixed-planting plots. It was shown that a biased community with a dominant race (KJ-101 or KI-181) was altered to a balanced one of coexisting races. From these results, it was supposed that the balanced diversity among co-existing races within a community might be correlated to control effect by HP/NP mixed-planting on rice blast. Further more, it should be studied that genetic characteristics of the individual race including a virulence on cv. HP and NP was examined for verifying a correlation of mixed-planting effect and race diversity.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.19-30
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• 1993

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 1994.10b
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• pp.18-18
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• 1994

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.23 no.9A
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• pp.2184-2196
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• 1998

Admission control is one of the most important congestion control mechanism to be executed at the call set up phase by regulating traffic into a network in a preventive way. An efficient QOS evaluation or bandwidth estimation method is required for call admission to be decided in real time. In this paper, we spropose a computtionally simple approximation method of estimating cell loss probability and mean cell delay for admission control of both delay sensitive and loss sensitive calls. Mixed input queueing system, where a new call combines with the existing traffic, is used as a queueing model for QOS estimation. Also traffic parameters are suggested to characterize both a new call and existing traffic. Aggregate traffic is approximated by a renewal process with these traffic parameters and then mean delay and cell loss probability are detemined using appropriate approximation formulas. The accuracy of this approximation approach is examined by comparing their results with exact analysis or simulation results of vrious mixed unput queueing systems. Based on this QOS estimation method, call admission control scheme which is traffic independent and computable in yeal time are proposed.