• 한국농공학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 1991

This work is a study on modeling of concrete mix proportioning Although concrete in one of the most important materials for construction, its production system is not so well organized in comparison with other materials. The heterogeneous nature of concrete and concrete materials create numerous variables which influence the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. The relationships between the different variables are formulated into equations. The regression analysis was done by using the computer program of statistical analysis for engineers. A computer program was written for proportioning the different ingredients of concrete using the derived equations.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.606-611
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• 2008

명란젓갈은 한국 전통 발효 식품중 하나로, 본 연구에서는 명란젓갈의 유통기한 연장방안으로 감마선 조사를 적용하여 미생물학적, 관능적 품질 실험을 행하였다. 명란젓갈과 고춧가루, 생강, 마늘, 복합시즈닝 믹스 등의 부재료에 각각 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 및 5.0 kGy의 선량으로 감마선 조사를 하여 $4^{\circ}C$에서 4주간 저장하며 관찰하였고, 이들의 수분활성도는 각각 0.89, 0.56, 0.98, 0.99 및 0.07 이었다. 명란젓갈의 초기 호기성 세균, 효모 및 곰팡이, 대장균군의 수는 각각 6.7, 4.3, 3.6 log CFU/g 이였으며, 2 kGy 의 감마선 조사 직후 호기성 세균은 4 log cycle, 효모 및 곰팡이와 대장균군은 3 log cycle의 유의적인 감소 경향을 보였다(P<0.05). 5 kGy 감마선 조사시 효모 및 곰팡이와 대장균군은 검출한계($10^1$ CFU/g) 이하 수준으로 감소하였다. 부재료 중 고춧가루에서 5 kGy 감마선 조사 후 일반 호기성 미생물의 경우 5 log cycle 정도 감소하였다. 관능적 품질의 경우 감마선 조사 후에도 종합적 기호도에 있어서 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 감마선 조사는 명란젓갈의 미생물 제어에 효과적이고 관능적 품질을 유지하며 유통 안정성을 개선시킬 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.773-782
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• 2004

본 연구는 산차와 비유기가 다양한 Holstein 종 56두를 사용하여 사료섭취량과 에너지요구 량을 근거로 개체별 사료에너지요구량의 서열을 설정하고, 이를 3개 우군으로 나누어 각 우군의 상반평균치에 기준하여 자가배합사료(herdmix ration)를 조제한 후 이것을 이용한 사양체계가 비유기 및 산차에 미치는 영향을 관행 사양체계와 switch-over method로 비교하였다. 자가배합사료 급여체계는 전 비유기 동안 산유량과 유지율을 증진시켰으며(P<0.05), 산차별 생산능력도 모든 산차에서 향상되었다(P<0.05). 비유단계별 성적에서는 비유초기와 중기에서 Herd-mix구의 설제산유량(AMY) 및 지방보정유량(FCM)이 유의적으로 증가하였으나(P<0.05) 유지율은 유의차가 없었다. 비유말기에는 AMY, 유지율 및 FCM 모두 Herd-mix구가 관행구에 비하여 증가하였으며 특히 유지율과 FCM이 현저하게 증가하였다(P<0.01). Herd-mix구와 관행구의 FCM 비유지속성은 각각 93.24%와 92.69%로서 Herd-mix구의 비유지속성이 높았으며 비유곡선의 형태도 이상적 추세를 보였다. 유대와 사료비를 고려한 조수익을 산출한 결과 Herd-mix구가 관행구보다 40% 높았다. 결론적으로, 본 연구는 젖소의 에너지요구량과 사료 에너지 농도를 정확히 평가하여 우군을 편성한 후 그 상반평균을 배합목표로 설정하고 사용할원료에 대한 실질적인 평가를 근거로 배합비를 설정하는 것이 산유능력을 향상시킴과 동시에 경제적으로 유려하다는 사실을 입증하였다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2017

Saponin is the most pharmaceutical active ingredients of the ginseng plant, it was called "Ginsenoside" which means the Glycoside of ginseng that composed glycosides and aglycones. The human body will absorb the saponin easily if these substrate was decomposed by active microorganism. Fermentation is the most convenient technique to decompose this active ingredients. The purpose of this research was to study the sugar content, pH and acidity development during the ginseng fermentation process. Fresh Korean ginseng and red ginseng extract was used as the main ingredient. The concentrated of pure ginseng extract was added to increase the saponin extract. Furthermore, the mix microbial powder was added as starter to increase the fermentation efficiency. The ginseng was fermented in fermentation chamber at temperature $37^{\circ}C$ during 70 days. In the end of experiment the sugar content was decreased from 24% to 7.65%, The pH was decreased from 6.5 to 3.4, and the acidity level was incresed from 0% to 1.2%.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2018

Background: The flowering plant Hippophae rhamnoides L. has been used for many studies on fruit or leaf extracts. This study was conducted to investigate the development of a new cosmetic material from H. rhamnoides fruits and leaves that have by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and wrinkle improvement activities. Methods and Results: The antioxidant abilities of H. rhamnoides extracts, including of a water-soluble fruit powder (FW), a fatsoluble fruit powder (FF), a supercritical extract of fruit by-product (BS), and a mixture of leaf and fruit (MIX), were investigated in vitro. A DPPH radical assay for antioxidant activity was performed for these fractions alongside assay to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC and TFC). As expected, the MIX had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity ($RC_{50}=10.27{\mu}g/m{\ell}$), and the TPC and TFC also were highest in MIX ($225.7mg{\cdot}GAE/g$, and $25.18mg{\cdot}QE/g$, respectively). Nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells was estimated and the results indicated an over 75% decrease of NO production in FF and MIX. In other assays, the highest elastase inhibitory activity was found in FW. Conclusions: These results revealed that H. rhamnoides extracts have a high potential for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiwrinkle activities. H. rhamnoides products are suggested to be applied as the functional materials of cosmetic ingredients.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.629-638
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• 2016

Optimization of the concrete mixture design is a process of search for a mixture for which the sum of the cost of the ingredients is the lowest, yet satisfying the required performance of concrete. In this study, a statistical model was carried out to model a cost effective optimal mix proportioning of high strength self-compacting concrete (HSSCC) using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The effect of five key mixture parameters such as water-binder ratio, cement content, fine aggregate percentage, fly ash content and superplasticizer content on the properties and performance of HSSCC like compressive strength, passing ability, segregation resistance and manufacturing cost were investigated. To demonstrate the responses of model in quadratic manner Central Composite Design (CCD) was chosen. The statistical model showed the adjusted correlation coefficient R2adj values were 92.55%, 93.49%, 92.33%, and 100% for each performance which establish the adequacy of the model. The optimum combination was determined to be $439.4kg/m^3$ cement content, 35.5% W/B ratio, 50.0% fine aggregate, $49.85kg/m^3$ fly ash, and $7.76kg/m^3$ superplasticizer within the interest region using desirability function. Finally, it is concluded that multiobjective optimization method based on desirability function of the proposed response model offers an efficient approach regarding the HSSCC mixture optimization.

• 생약학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 1999

The youngkaechulgamtang (Y) composed of four herb drugs, including Hoelen (H). Cinnamomi Ramulus (C). Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba (A) and Glycyrrhizae Radix (G). In oriental medicine literatures, Youngkaechulgamtang is described to be effective in headache, inflammation, uremia, gastritis, diarrhea and hypertension. To estimate the clinical effectiveness of Youngkaechulgamtang, several pharmacological experiments were carried out. The results are summerized as follows; On acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity, C+A, Y-G, Y-H, MIX and Y showed the significant elevation of glutathione-S-transferase. But, C+A, Y-G, Y-H, MIX and Y showed the significant suppression of serum aminotransferases. On ANIT-induced cholestasis, U (Ursodesoxycholic acid 50 mg/kg)+$Y_l$ (760 mg/kg) showed the significant increase of bile juice volume. $Y_l,\;Y_2$ (1520 mg/kg), U, $U+Y_l$ showed the remarkable increase of cholic acid. U and $U+Y_l$ showed the significant decrease of total bilirubin. From these results, it is suggest that Y shows liver protective effect against various hepatic injury. Especially, Youngkaechulgamtang was more effective than mixture of 4 ingredients in the elevation of glutathione-S-transferase in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.438-446
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• 2013

This paper investigated the purchase behavior of Kimchi products by surveying housewives in Jeonbuk area who have purchased Kimchi products. The studied consumers purchased Kimchi products for the convenience and time-saving aspects. Factors taken into account when purchasing Kimchi were hygiene, taste and ingredients. The main places of purchase for Kimchi products were large discount markets. The purchase information paths were product displays at stores and recommendations from acquaintances. The most purchased type of Kimchi products was cabbage Kimchi. An one-time purchase amount was 10,000~30,000 won. The most purchased size was to be 500 g~1 kg. Desired improvements for Kimchi products were a display of the ingredients origin, exclusion of monosodium glutamate, freshness, and hygiene. Based on the results, this research aids in analyzing the marketing mix (4P: product, price, place, promotion) of Kimchi products for Kimchi manufacturers.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.221-236
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• 2020

To reduce the CO₂ emissions associated with the manufacture of portland cement (PC), an efficient alternative like an alkali-activated binder (AAB) is the requirement of the industry. To promote the use of AAB in construction activities, a practically implementable mix proportion is required. Owing to the several raw ingredients of AAB concrete and their associated uncertainties, partial replacement of PC by AAB may be adopted instead of complete replacement as per industrial requirements. Hence, the present study aims to determine an optimal proportion for partial replacement of PC with AAB and recommend a technique for it based on site conditions. Three modes of partial replacement are followed: combining all the dry ingredients for AAB and PC followed by the addition of the requisite liquids (PAM); combining the PC and the AAB concrete in two horizontal layers (PAH); and two vertical layers (PAV). 28-day old specimens are exposed to 10% v/v solutions of HCl, H₂SO₄, and HNO₃ to evaluate changes in mechanical, physical, and microstructural characteristics through compressive strength, corrosion depth, and microscopy. Based on deterioration in strength and integrity, PAH or PAV can be adopted in absence of acid attack, whereas PAM is recommended in presence of acid attack.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2019

최근 미세먼지, 내분비장애, 환경 호르몬등에 의해 피부 염증 질환 환자들이 증가함에 따라 화장품 소재 개발 연구는 스테로이드, 항히스타민제 등의 피부염 치료 합성화합물 보다 이를 대체할 수 있는 천연물 기반의 보다 안전한 소재 발굴에 관심이 더 증가되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 여러 가지 천연 약재 스크리닝을 거쳐 피부 효능 효과가 검증된 두충, 익지인, 백강잠의 한방추출물(Mix)을 선정하고, 이들의 새로운 피부효능을 규명하여 천연 화장품 소재를 개발하고자 하였다. 우선 한방추출물(Mix)의 항산화 효능을 검증하기 위해 DPPH assay를 수행한 결과 $400{\mu}g/mL$ 농도 조건에서 약 98.8% DPPH radical 소거 활성을 확인하였다. 한방추출물(Mix)의 미백효능을 확인하기 위해 B16F10 세포주를 활용하여 한방추출물에 의한 멜라닌 합성량을 측정하였다. $400{\mu}g/mL$ 농도 조건에서 ${\alpha}-MSH$ 처리군 대비 27.1% 수준까지 멜라닌 합성량이 감소하여 미백효능 활성에 대해 유의성 있는 결과를 확인하였다. 또한 한방추출물(Mix)의 항염증 효능을 확인하기 위해 LPS 자극으로 활성화된 RAW264.7 대식세포에서 NO(nitric oxide) 합성 및 iNOS, COX-2의 유전자 발현을 관찰한 결과 모두 유의적으로 감소되는 것을 확인하였다. 염증성 사이토카인으로 알려진 $IL-1{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$의 mRNA 발현을 분석한 결과에서도 한방추출물에 의해 효과적으로 억제되는 것을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 피부장벽 기능 강화를 확인하기 위해 인간 각질형성세포인 HaCaT을 이용해 tight junction 구성 단백질인 claudin 1 유전자의 발현 변화를 관찰한 결과 한방추출물에 의해 mRNA 발현이 농도 의존적으로 증가되는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 우리는 두충, 익지인, 백강잠을 함유한 한방추출물(Mix)이 항산화, 항염, 미백, 그리고 피부장벽 강화 등에 유효한 소재임을 확인하였고, 향후 피부 임상시험 등이 이뤄진다면 피부염 환자에 효과적인 천연 화장품 소재로 개발될 수 있을 것이다.