• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.520-528
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• 2017

외래생물인 아메리카동애등에는 뛰어난 유기물분해능으로 주목받아왔다. 이에 우리는 한국내 분포상과 유전적 다양성을 알아보기 위해 전국적으로 채집하여 미토콘드리아의 사이토크롬 C 산화효소 1 (CO1) 유전자를 이용해 집단유전학분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 이 곤충은 한국에 성공적으로 정착한 것으로 보이며 10개의 미토콘드리아 유전자형이 있었고 개체군 간 분화가 뚜렷했다. 이 결과는 국내정착한 아메리카동애등에가 특정 유전자형의 모계만이 도입된 후 지역 간 분산이 제한적임을 나타내는 것으로, 이는 이들의 단거리 비행 경향에 기인한 것으로 추정된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7103-7110
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• 2015

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of ${\gamma}$-radiation alone or combined with a cytotoxic drug, simvastatin, on viability and cell cycling of a myeloma cell line. P3NS1 myeloma cells were treated with the selected dose of simvastatin ($0.1{\mu}M/l$) 24 hours prior to ${\gamma}$-irradiation (0.25, 0.5 and 1Gy). The cell viability, induction of apoptosis, cell death, cell cycling, generation of ROS, and expression of P53, Bax, Bcl2, caspase3, PARP1 and Fas genes were estimated. The results indicated that simvastatin ($0.1{\mu}M/l$) treatment for 24 hours prior to ${\gamma}$-irradiation increased cell death to 37.5% as compared to 4.81% by radiation (0.5Gy) alone. It was found that simvastatin treatment before irradiation caused arrest of cells in G0/G1 and G2/M phases as assessed using flow cytometry. Interestingly, simvastatin treatment of P3NS1 cells increased the intracellular ROS production and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity with increased P53, Bax and Caspase3 gene expression while that of Bcl2 was decreased. Consequently, our results indicated that pre-treatment with simvastatin increased radio sensitivity of myeloma tumor cells in addition to apoptotic effects through an intrinsic mitochondrial pathway.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.425-428
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• 2017

Human diphyllobothriasis is a parasitic disease caused by ingestion of larvae (plerocercoids) in raw or undercooked fish and commonly found in temperate areas. Rare cases were reported in tropical or subtropical areas especially in children. The first documented case of pediatric diphyllobothriasis in Taiwan had been reported 11 years ago. Here, we report another 8-year-old girl case who presented with a live noodle-like worm hanging down from her anus, with no other detectable symptoms. We pulled the worm out and found the strobila being 260 cm in length. Examination of gravid proglottids showed that they were wider than their lengths, containing an ovoid cirrus sac in the anterior side and the rosette-shaped uterus. Eggs extracted from the uterus were ovoid and operculated. Diphyllobothrium latum was confirmed by molecular analysis of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. The girl was treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel, and no eggs or proglottids were observed from her stool in the subsequent 3 months. The reemergence of human diphyllobothriasis in non-endemic countries is probably due to prevalent habit of eating imported raw fish from endemic areas. This pediatric case raised our concern that human diphyllobothriasis is likely underestimated because of unremarkable symptoms.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.127-142
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• 2018

A new species of Eudactylopus Scott A., 1909 is described from the southern coast of Korea. The specimens were collected using a light trap set overnight at the entrance near a pier. Eudactylopus yokjidoensis n. sp. is similar to E. andrewi Sewell, 1940 and E. spectabilis (Brian, 1923) in two key respects: similar length of proximal and distal inner setae on female P2 enp-2, and modification of two subapical setae on male P2 endopod. However, E. yokjidoensis can be differentiated from the two species by following morphological characteristics: in females, the length ratio of cephalothorax/2nd-4th thoracic somites combined is smaller in E. yokjidoensis than other two species (1 : 0.8 vs. 1 : 1); antennule has nine segments (vs. 7-segmented in E. andrewi); P2 to P4 each bears a process in medial distal margin of basis, while it is just smooth in E. spectabilis; in males; the length ratio of cephalothorax to 2nd-4th thoracic somites combined is smaller in E. yokjidoensis than other two species (1 : 0.6 vs. 1 : 1 in E. andrewi and 1 : 0.8 in E. spectabilis); and P5 exopod has a comb-like innermost seta, while it is bipinnate seta in E. spectabilis. To prove the Korean species of Eudactylopus to be new, full descriptions of both sexes are given here, and the claim is supported by distinct genetic differences between E. yokjidoensis and E. spectabilis (22.3-22.7%) in the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I(mtCOI) sequence.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2009

We analyzed partial sequences of cytochrome b (cyt-b), a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene, to determine the genetic relationships between six horsehead fish species: Branchiostegus japonicus, Branchiostegus albus, Branchiostegus auratus, Branchiostegus argentatus, Branchiostegus wardi, and an unidentified Branchiostegus species. The specimens were collected in Korea, China, Japan, and Vietnam. We compared their molecular phylogenetic relationships inferred from mtDNA cyt-b sequences with an osteological analysis. The unidentified species, B. sp., was similar to B. albus in terms of the lack of triangular silver-white dot at the posterior region of eyes (vs. large one present in B. japonicus), but was also similar to B. japonicus in terms of the presence of a straight-shaped first hemal spine (vs. a curve-shaped hemal spine in B. albus). Analysis of the mtDNA cyt-b sequences indicated that the smallest estimated sequence divergence was between the B. japonicus and B. sp. (0.70-0.94%), whereas the largest difference was between B. auratus and B. argentatus (23.06-23.36%). Both the maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood trees showed that the B. sp. was closely clustered with B. japonicus, and that B. auratus was most distant from the other species. When comparing the osteological characters, UPGMA tree showed that the B. japonicus and B. sp. were the most closely clustered species, and B. auratus was the most distantly clustered fish relative to the other species. The shape of the nasal, otolith and first hemal spine was informative for distinguishing B. auratus from the other species. These osteological differences were consistent with the differences in mtDNA.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.647-652
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• 2009

유제품에 들어 있는 우유와 산양유를 동정하기 위해 미토콘드리아의 12S rRNA 유전자를 목표로 하는 primer을 이용하는 duplex PCR 분석을 적용하였다. 소와 산양의 특이성 primer을 이용한 duplex PCR 분석은 우유와 산양유 DNA에 대해 각각 233 bp와 326 bp의 특이성 단편을 나타냈다. Duplex PCR 분석이 라벨에 표시된 성분을 확인하기위하여 시중마트에서 구입한 15개 유제품에 적용하였다. Duplex PCR 분석 결과 4개 시유, 3개 요구르트, 1개 전지분유는 표시된 성분과 완전히 일치하였다. 그러나 7개의 조제분유 중 5개만 표시성분과 일치하고 2개 조제분유제품은 산양유와 우유가 각각 오염되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 제안된 duplex PCR 분석은 산양유에 들어있는 우유를 0.1%까지 측정할 수 있는 민감하고 신속한 방법이다. Duplex PCR 분석은 유제품 속에 들어있는 우유와 산양유를 one-step 방법으로 동시에 탐지할 수 있다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2017

This is the first study to report Chrysomya pinguis (Walker) and Lucilia porphyrina (Walker) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as forensically important blow fly species from human cadavers in Thailand, in addition to Chrysomya villeneuvi (Patton) already known in Thailand. In 2016, a fully decomposed body of an unknown adult male was discovered in a high mountainous forest during winter in Chiang Mai province. The remains were infested heavily with thousands of blow fly larvae feeding simultaneously on them. Morphological identification of adults reared from the larvae, and molecular analysis based on sequencing of 1,247 bp partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (CO1) of the larvae and puparia, confirmed the above mentioned 3 species. The approving forensic fly evidence by molecular approach was described for the first time in Thailand. Moreover, neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis of the CO1 was performed to compare the relatedness of the species, thereby affirming the accuracy of identification. As species of entomofauna varies among cases in different geographic and climatic circumstances, C. pinguis and L. porphyrina were added to the list of Thai forensic entomology caseworks, including colonizers of human remains in open, high mountainous areas during winter. Further research should focus on these 3 species, for which no developmental data are currently available.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2018

Morphological and molecular characteristics of spirometrid tapeworms, Spirometra decipiens, were studied, which were recovered from a heavily infected stray cat road-killed in Eumseong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do (Province), the Republic of Korea (=Korea). A total of 134 scolices and many broken immature and mature proglottids of Spirometra tapeworms were collected from the small intestine of the cat. Morphological observations were based on 116 specimens. The scolex was 22.8-32.6 mm (27.4 mm in average) in length and small spoon-shape with 2 distinct bothria. The uterus was coiled 3-4 times, the end of the uterus was ball-shaped, and the vaginal aperture shaped as a crescent moon was closer to the cirrus aperture than to the uterine aperture. PCR amplification and direct sequencing of the cox1 target fragment (377 bp in length and corresponding to positions 769-1,146 bp of the cox1 gene) were performed using total genomic DNA extracted from 134 specimens. The cox1 sequences (377 bp) of the specimens showed 99.0% similarity to the reference sequence of S. decipiens and 89.3% similarity to the reference sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei. In the present study, we report a stray cat heavily infected with S. decipiens identified by mitochondrial cox1 sequence analysis and morphological examinations of the adult worms.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2009

Root-knot nematode species, such as Meloidogyne hapla, M. incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica are the most economically notorious nematode pests, causing serious damage to a variety of crops throughout the world. In this study, DNA sequence analyses were performed on the D3 expansion segment of the 28S gene in the ribosomal DNA in an effort to characterize genetic variations in the three Meloidogyne species obtained from Korea and four species from the United States. Further, PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) PCR and RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) were also utilized to develop methods for the accurate and rapid species identification of the root-knot nematode species. In the sequence analysis of the D3 expansion segment, only a few nucleotide sequence variations were detected among M. incognita, M. arenaria, and M, javanica, but not M. hapla. As a result of our haplotype analysis, haplotype 5 was shown to be common in M. arenaria, M. incognita, M. javanica, but not in the facultatively parthenogenetic species, M. hapla. PCR-RFLP analysis involving the amplification of the mitochondrial COII and large ribosomal RNA (lrRNA) regions yielded one distinct amplicon for M. hapla at 500 bp, thereby enabling us to distinguish M. hapla from M. incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica reproduced via obligate mitotic parthenogenesis. SCAR markers were used to successfully identify the four tested root-knot nematode species. Furthermore, newly attempted RAPD primers for some available root-knot nematodes also provided some species-specific amplification patterns that could also be used to distinguish among root-knot nematode species for quarantine purposes.

• ALGAE
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2015

Pythium species (Pythiales, Oomycetes) are well known as the algal pathogen that causes red rot disease in Pyropia / Porphyra species (Bangiales, Rhodophyta). Accurate species identification of the pathogen is important to finding a scientific solution for the disease and to clarify the host-parasite relationship. In Korea, only Pythium porphyrae has been reported from Pyropia species, with identifications based on culture and genetic analysis of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Recent fungal DNA barcoding studies have shown the low taxonomic resolution of the ITS region and suggested the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene as an alternative molecular marker to identify Pythium species. In this study, we applied an analysis of both the ITS and cox1 regions to clarify the taxonomic relationships of Korean Pythium species. From the results, the two closely related Pythium species (P. chondricola and P. porphyrae) showed the same ITS sequence, while the cox1 marker successfully discriminated P. chondricola from P. porphyrae. This is the first report of the presence of P. chondricola from the infected blade of Pyropia yezoensis in Asia. This finding of the algal pathogen provides important information for identifying and determining the distribution of Pythium species. Further studies are also needed to confirm whether P. chondricola and P. porphyrae are coexisting as algal pathogens of Pyropia species in Korea.