• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.217-221
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• 2000

The vegetation of Maemul, Somaemul and Eoyu islets in Tongyeong-si was investigated from September, 1996 through August, 1997. In order to analyze the vegetation of this islets, synthesis table, actual vegetation map were prepared. The predominant species of the islets was Camellia japonica. and the vegetation in this study area was classfied into 4 communties (included 1 afforestation) and 7 subcommunities 1 . Camellia japonica community 1) Typical subcommunity 2) Machilus thunbergii subcommunity 3) Castanopsis cuspidata var, thunbergii subcommunity 4) Ligustrum obtusifolium subcommunity 5) Carpinus coreana subcommunity 6) Selaginella tamariscina subcommunity 7) Pinus thunbergii subcommunity 2. Pinus thunbergii community 3. Alnus firma afforestation 4. Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens community.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.573-582
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• 2003

According to the survey map, the altitudes of up and down the Ansungchon were 242m and 49m accordingly. The width of the river was 4m at upperstream and became wider, lam at midstream and 114m at downstream. Water pH of the Ansungchon was measured variously in the range of 6.0-7.9 according to the surveyed times and areas. The water pH measured during June through August decreased continually and suddenly increased at the end of October. Phragmites iaponica, a major species of the fresh water emergent anchored hydrophytes, was surveyed mostly in the area of upperstream, Phragmites communis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Typha orientalis were surveyed in the areas of midstream and downstream, and Zizania latifolia was found in all areas of the river. The total of 101 taxa dividing into 32 families, 71 genera, 88 species, and 13 varieties have been inhabited in these areas. Among the inhabited plants, Poaceae was 21.8%, which appeared in the highest percent. Compositae was 20.8%, and Polygonaceae was 11.9%. In the surveyed areas, herbaceous plants were 95.1% and mostly occupied, and woody plants were 4.9％. Among the herbaceous plants, perennial plants were 52.5%, and annual and biannual plants were 28.7% and 13.9% accordingly. Naturalized plants dividing into 8 families and 18 genera have been found in the surveyed areas. The number of the naturalized plants increased from upperstream to downstream as the environmental disruption became worse. Only 2.5% of the total naturalized plants were appeared in up, 17.7% in midstream, and 28.6% in downstream. Shannon-Weiner's index for the degree of diversity was 2.898-3.666 in the area of upperstream, but 3.708-4.135 in downstream, which was little higher.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 1985

This report is a part of the investigations of the secondary vegetation successions carried out and the analysis of soil properties in the burned areas of forest. The fires-crown fire and surface fire-were occurred at April, 1978 and February, 1984. The investigations were carrited out from August 10. 1983 to September 25, 1984. The burned areas studied are located in southern slope of Mt. Ssalibagu (above sea-level, 590m), So-myon, Sungju-gun, Chollanam-do, Korea. The results are as follows: The floristic compositions of the burned area at the 5th year after the fires were 85 families, 250 genera, 321 species and 53 varieties. Among them, 85 families, 127 genera, 129 species and 30 varieties were found in the currently burned area. In all the sampling sites (10*10cm), 31 and 57 species were found in the currently burned and in the 5th years after the fires, respectively. Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Quercus serrata and Festuca ovina were dominant species in the both areas. Biological spectra in both the burned areas showed $H-D_1-R_5-e$ type. Degree of the succession(DS) was 412-884 in the 5th years passed burned area and it was high level. Species diversity index(H) was 0.59~1.13 and evennes index(e) was 0.43~0.79, these indexes between both areas were different considerably. Indexes of similarity between both areas were different, too, but that between $B_1$ and $B_6$ was the highest (CCj=0.5). Probably this phenomenon is due to the great numbers of the pine trees appeared simulataneously. Content of the organic matter, N, P, K and Ca of soil in the burned area at the 5th years after the fires was lower than that of soil in the currently burned area.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.1207-1213
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• 2003

Osancheon creek is located in the southwest of the middle area in Korea. Weed community around the Osancheon creek, where various disturbances exert a bad influence directly on its community by human work or nature, was surveyed phytosocialogically. Our surveys have been accomplished from June, 2003 to September, 2003. Weed communities formed around the Osancheon creek were divided into several patterns and analysed. They have been divided into 8 communities. Community A: Humulus japonica community, B: Phragmites communiscommunity, C: Persicaria thunbergii community, D: Zi=ania latifolia community, E: Miscanthus saccharilflorus community, F: Echinochica crusgalli community, G: Typha orientalis community, H: Sataria viridis community. The flora surveyed in these communities was constituted of 19 families, 36 genera, 4 varieties, and 40 species. Wild plants such as Artemisia princeps var. orientalis Erigeron annuus, Bidens frondosa, Aeschynomene indica and Oenothera odorata were mostly light loving plants and higher resistant plants against the disturbance. Our result from the ranking all surveyed areas by the Bray-Curtis ordination method was very similar to the results from phytosocialogical table work.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.2 s.58
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• pp.120-128
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• 2005

This study was compared the flora and distribution of hydrophytes with physicochemical environment in the 14 sites selected in Yeongsan River through Gwangju Metropolitan city from March to October, 2003. In this survey, hydrophytes were classified 94 taxa; 35 families, 68 genera, 85 species and 9 varieties. It was compared the physicochemical characters with the hydrophytes distribution in each stream according to the index of contamination. Persicaria japonica and Rumex crispus were dominated at Youduk-Dong, the most contaminated area. Aquatic contamination sensitive floating-leaved plants and submerged plants were not identified. Hwangroung River and Yeongsan River area were a little contaminated area, appeared to good vegetation such as Phragmites japonica, Persicaria thunbergii and Miscanthus sacchariflorus. The stream of Youduk-Dong, the lower reaches of Gwangju-cheon was not grown with hydrophytes because of contamination by inflow of life sewage; therefore it is required to persevere in the townsmen's efforts for improvement of water environment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.353-362
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• 2009

This study attempted to compare the litter decomposition rate of Arundinella hirta and Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens which collected from serpentine soil acting potentially toxic concentration of heavy metals and non-serpentine soil by using the microcosm method for 192 days under constant humidity and $23^{\circ}C$. The contents of Ni, Fe, Mg and Cr in the serpentine and nonserpentine soil originated litter showed high differences between them. The litter samples from serpentine site have lower C/N than non-serpentine litter, but the soluble carbohydrate content was shown almost similar between two plant litter. The mass loss rates of leaf litter from serpentine area were slower than those from non-serpentine site. During the experimental period, the remained dry weight of A. hirta and M. sinensis var. purpurascens litter collected from serpentine site were 64.7%, 65.0% of initial dry weight and litter samples from non-serpentine site showed 54.2%, 50.7%, respectively. K and Na were leached rapidly at the initial decomposition periods, but Ca showed immobilization and other metal elements reserved at the decomposing litter for a long time. The decomposing A. hirta litter from non-serpentine soil showed higher values of $CO_2$ evolution, microbial biomass-C, and microbial biomass-N than those in serpentine soil originated litter acting nutrient stresses and exhibited rapid decay rate. The microbial biomass and microbial respiration of decaying litter were positively correlated with litter decomposition rate, and these relationships showed more rapid slope in non-serpentine soil originated litter than that in serpentine soil.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.14-25
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was investigated to the change of vegetation coverage by elapsed years on the cut slope of forest road in Jinju-si. The results obtained could be summarized as follows; The plant coverage on the cut slope of forest road was decreased hastily in first and second year after seeding. The plant coverage on the cut slope of forest road was increased as growth of seed-sprayed from third year. But the plants were began to competition with between sprayed seeds and invaded plants from third to fifth year after seed-spray. The numbers of invading plants were gradually increased as 581 individuals from sixth year after seed-spray. The cut slopes of the forest roads turned to a good site condition for growing of invasion plants. And also the total coverage on cut slope of forest roads by invading of surrounding plants was increased more. It showed that plant invasion on cut-slopes of forest roads would be mostly influenced by surrounding plants. The number of surrounding plants on the cut-slopes of forest roads was 59 species, and the number of invading plants showed 65 species. The invading species were high in order of Boehmeria tricuspis, Oplismens undulatifolius, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Erechtites hieracifolia and Artemisia princeps var. Orientalis In the stepwise regression analysis, main factors affecting the coverage of vegetation on the cut-slopes of forest road showed in order of elapsed years, gravel contents(30~50%), middle, sandy loam, sandy clay-loam, soil hardness, aspect(NS), concave(凹) type and gravel contents(15~30%).

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.85-94
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• 2015

RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) is the most important explosive contaminant, both in concentration and in frequency, at military shooting ranges in which green technologies such as phytoremediation or constructed wetlands are the best option for mitigation of explosive compounds discharge to the environment. A study was conducted with two identical lab-scale plug flow constructed wetlands planted with Amur silver grass to treat water artificially contaminated with 40 mg/L of toxic explosive compound, RDX. The reactor was inoculated with or without RDX degrading mixed culture to evaluate plant-microorganism interactions in RDX removal, transformation products distribution, and kinetic constants. RDX and its metabolites in water, plant, and sediment were analyzed by HPLC to determine mass balance and kinetic constants. After 30 days of operation, the reactor reached steady-state at which more than 99% of RDX was removed with or without the mixed culture inoculation. The major transformation product was TNX (Trinitroso-RDX) that comprised approximately 50% in the mass balance of both reactors. It was also the major compound in the plant root and shoot system. Acute toxicity analysis of the water samples showed more than 30% of toxicity reduction in the effluent than that of influent containing 40 mg/L of RDX. In the Amur silver grass mesocosm seeded with the mixed culture, the specific RDX removal rate, that is 1st order removal rate normalized to plant fresh weight, was estimated to be 0.84 kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ which is 16.7% higher than that in the planted only mesocosm. Therefore, the results of this study proved that Amur silver grass is an effective plant for RDX removal in constructed wetlands and the efficiency can be increased even more when applied with RDX degrading microbial consortia.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1280-1290
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• 2014

In order to obtain the cellulolytic bacterial consortia, sediments from Great Basin hot springs (Nevada, USA) were sampled and enriched with cellulosic biomass as the sole carbon source. The bacterial composition of the resulting anaerobic ethanol-producing celluloytic bacterial consortium, named SV79, was analyzed. With methods of the full-length 16S rRNA library-based analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, 21 bacteria belonging to eight genera were detected from this consortium. Clones with closest relation to the genera Acetivibrio, Clostridium, Cellulosilyticum, Ruminococcus, and Sporomusa were predominant. The cellulase activities and ethanol productions of consortium SV79 using different agricultural residues (sugarcane bagasse and spent mushroom substrate) and energy crops (Spartina anglica, Miscanthus floridulus, and Pennisetum sinese Roxb) were studied. During cultivation, consortium SV79 produced the maximum filter paper activity (FPase, 9.41 U/ml), carboxymethylcellulase activity (CMCase, 6.35 U/ml), and xylanase activity (4.28 U/ml) with sugarcane bagasse, spent mushroom substrate, and S. anglica, respectively. The ethanol production using M. floridulus as substrate was up to 2.63 mM ethanol/g using gas chromatography analysis. It has high potential to be a new candidate for producing ethanol with cellulosic biomass under anoxic conditions in natural environments.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.8
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• pp.59-64
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• 1990

Wild plants which have potential availability as pasture plants were collected from around Kyungpook province. Plants collected were cultivated in the university farm and their characteristics were investigated and recorded. Seeds of pasture plant resources collected were selected, weighed for 1,000 grains, packaged and stored at $4^{\circ}C$. Species of collected were as follows. Gramineous plants are Cymbopogon totilis var, goeringii Hand Mazz, Pennisetum akioecyriudes L., Dactylis glomerata L., Agropyron tsukushience var transiens Ohwi, Arundinella hirta Tanaka, Themeda triandra var., japonica Makino, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss, Setaria virides L., Digitaria sanguinalis L., Imperata cylindrica var. Koenigii Retz, Cynodon dactylon Pers, Echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea Wight, and Avena fatua L., and leguminous plants are Vicia angustrifolia var. segetilis Koch, Kummerowia stipulacea Makino, Kummerowia striata Schindl, Trifolium repens L., Melilotus officinalish L., and Astragalus sinicus L..