• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to model the avoidable burden of the risk factors of road traffic crashes in Iran and to prioritize interventions to reduce that burden. Methods: The prevalence and the effect size of the risk factors were obtained from data documented by the traffic police of Iran in 2013. The effect size was estimated using an ordinal regression model. The potential impact fraction index was applied to calculate the avoidable burden in order to prioritize interventions. This index was calculated for theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios. The joint effects of the risk factors were then estimated for all the scenarios. Results: The highest avoidable burdens in the theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios for the non-use of child restraints on urban roads were 52.25, 28.63, and 46.67, respectively. In contrast, the value of this index for speeding was 76.24, 37.00, and 62.23, respectively, for rural roads. Conclusions: On the basis of the different scenarios considered in this research, we suggest focusing on future interventions to decrease the prevalence of speeding, the non-use of child restraints, the use of cell phones while driving, and helmet disuse, and the laws related to these items should be considered seriously.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2007

본 연구는 한국 민간투자사업의 위험배분문제와 화폐적 투자가치를 측정하는 모형을 구축하고 이를 통해 정부의 최소운영수입 보장률 및 보장기간의 변화에 따른 화폐적 투자가치의 변화를 관찰하였다. 모형은 H.Yamaguchi의 위험배분모형(2002)을 기반으로 한국의 민간투자사업 현실에 맞게 2기간 모형으로 변환하고 최소운영수입보장 제도를 포함하도록 수정하였다. 분석결과 정부의 최소운영수입 보장률 및 보장기간이 축소됨에 따라 동일한 수익률을 가정하는 경우 국고보조금이 증가하게 됨으로써 민간투자사업의 화폐적 투자가치는 하락함을 보여주었다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2023

화력발전소용 석탄에 대한 연소기술의 발전과 원가절감을 위해 저급탄의 사용량이 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 연소 시 수분에 의한 증발잠열 손실이 크고 탄을 저장하고 미분화하는 과정에서 자연발화와 분진의 폭발위험이 있다. 본 연구는 국내 D 발전사에서 채취한 석탄분진(coal powder)으로 Coal dust-fine, Coal dust-coarse, Wood pallet+organic dust 및 Wood chip 4종에 대한 최소폭발농도와 폭발강도를 비교 평가하였다. 석탄 분진의 최소폭발농도는 JIS Z 8818:2002에 따라 측정하였으며, 폭발강도는 Siwek 20 L Chamber Apparatus를 이용하여 ASTM E1226에 따라 실험을 실시하였다. 최소폭발농도 시험결과 coal dust-fine가 분진폭발 위험이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, wood chip의 분진농도 130 g/m³에서 폭발이 일어나므로 가장 낮은 분진농도에서 폭발의 위험이 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 분진폭발 등급 기준에 따르면 Kst가 200 bar m/s 이하로 모든 시료가 폭발등급 St 1등급에 해당되며, 폭발의 위험성이 약한 분진으로 평가되었다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2012

This paper describes the analysis technique of risk voltage around grounding electrode by new touch and step voltage measurement methods. We have analyzed three techniques for risk voltage measurement, such as footprint-electrode method, test-probe method, and simulated-personnel method. We have selected test-probe method considering applicability of site. In order to reduce error related to the location of the auxiliary electrode, we propose a new approach to perform risk voltage measurement with minimum errors and short auxiliary electrode distances. Field tests were carried out at a grounding grid. It can be concluded that the proposed method will be satisfactory for risk voltage measurement.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.132-138
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• 2019

Fall accident is the most frequent accident type of occupational accidents. As the age of workers increases, trip and fall accident increases more than other types of occupational accident in the middle-aged group. In this study, the gait characteristics of 25 middle-aged participants (mean ages 47.4, S.D. 5.8) were studied to analyze the trip and fall risks. The Minimum toe clearance(MTC) against the floor surface was measured in the variable conditions of gait speed by a motion capture system. In the 50s age group, the MTC decreased and the MTC tended to reduce the variation with increasing walking speed in the level walking. Therefore, the trip and fall risks for the 50s age group is higher than the 40s age group. Especially, the faster walking speed will increase the trip and fall risks even more.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.319-330
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• 2023

Some preservatives are naturally contained in raw food materials, while in some cases may have been introduced in food by careless handling or fermentation. However, it is difficult to distinguish between intentionally added preservatives and the preservatives naturally produced in food. The objective of this study was to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of propionic acid, sorbic acid, and benzoic acid for inhibiting food spoilage microorganisms in animal products, which can be useful in determining if the preservatives are natural or not. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the MIC of preservatives for 57 microorganisms. Five bacteria that were the most sensitive to propionic acid, benzoic acid, and sorbic acid were inoculated in unprocessed and processed animal products. A hundred microliters of the preservatives were then spiked in samples. After storage, the cells were counted to determine the MIC of the preservatives. The MIC of the preservatives in animal products ranged from 100 to 1,500 ppm for propionic acid, from 100 to >1,500 ppm for benzoic acid, and from 100 to >1,200 ppm for sorbic acid. Thus, if the concentrations of preservatives are below the MIC, the preservatives may not be added intentionally. Therefore, the MIC result will be useful in determining if preservatives are added intentionally in food.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.68-71
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• 2002

A research on accident loss calculation for polyol process without safety management activities, and safety cost estimation using process risk assessment has been implemented. In order to estimate a magnitude of loss, accident scenarios were made by combining result made from HAZOP Study method with accident possibility analysis results implemented with FTA. Also effect assessment was implement for accident consequence of each scenario. And minimum possible loss cost has been calculated when safety investment do or not. Result from cost-benefit analysis was shown as approximately \335 billion(=USS44,000 billion), as cost after subtracting safety management cost from minimum possible loss cost.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.257-261
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• 2004

Leaking of fuel gas in a building creates flammable atmosphere and gives rise to explosion. Observations from accidents suggest that some explosions are caused by quantity of gas significantly less than the lower explosion limit amount required to fill the whole confined space, which might be attributed to inhomogeneous mixing of the leaked gas. The minimum amount of leaked gas for explosion is highly dependent on the degree of mixing in the building. This paper proposes a method for estimating minimum amount of flammable gas for explosion assuming Gaussian distribution of flammable gas.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.385-405
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• 2019

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) enables significantly improved compression performance relative to existing standards. However, the advance also requires high computational complexity. To accelerate the intra prediction mode decision, a minimum risk Bayesian classification framework is introduced. The classifier selects a small number of candidate modes to be evaluated by a rate-distortion optimization process using the sum of absolute Hadamard transformed difference (SATD). Moreover, the proposed method provides a loss factor that is a good trade-off model between computational complexity and coding efficiency. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a 31.54% average reduction in the encoding run time with a negligible coding loss of 0.93% BD-rate relative to HEVC test model 16.6 for the Intra_Main common test condition.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제77권1호
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• pp.19-35
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• 2021

Existing methods to estimate the probability of seismic pounding occurrence of adjacent buildings do not account for nonlinear behavior or only apply to simple lumped mass systems. The present study proposes an efficient method based on subset simulation for fragility and risk assessment of seismic pounding occurrence between nonlinear adjacent buildings neglecting pounding effects with application to finite element models. The proposed method is first applied to adjacent buildings modeled as elastoplastic systems with substantially different dynamic properties for different structural parameters. Seismic pounding fragility and risk of adjacent frame structures with different floor levels is then assessed, paying special attention to modeling the non-linear material behavior in finite element models. Difference in natural periods and impact location are identified to affect the pounding fragility simultaneously. The reliability levels of the minimum code-specified separation distances are also determined. In addition, the incremental dynamic analysis method is extended to assess seismic pounding fragility of the adjacent frame structures, resulting in higher fragility estimates for separation distances larger than the minimum code-specified ones in comparison with the proposed method.