Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2021.77.1.019

A reliability-based fragility assessment method for seismic pounding between nonlinear buildings  

Liu, Pei (School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University)
Zhu, Hai-Xin (School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University)
Fan, Peng-Peng (School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University)
Yang, Wei-Guo (School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University)
Publication Information
Structural Engineering and Mechanics / v.77, no.1, 2021 , pp. 19-35 More about this Journal
Abstract
Existing methods to estimate the probability of seismic pounding occurrence of adjacent buildings do not account for nonlinear behavior or only apply to simple lumped mass systems. The present study proposes an efficient method based on subset simulation for fragility and risk assessment of seismic pounding occurrence between nonlinear adjacent buildings neglecting pounding effects with application to finite element models. The proposed method is first applied to adjacent buildings modeled as elastoplastic systems with substantially different dynamic properties for different structural parameters. Seismic pounding fragility and risk of adjacent frame structures with different floor levels is then assessed, paying special attention to modeling the non-linear material behavior in finite element models. Difference in natural periods and impact location are identified to affect the pounding fragility simultaneously. The reliability levels of the minimum code-specified separation distances are also determined. In addition, the incremental dynamic analysis method is extended to assess seismic pounding fragility of the adjacent frame structures, resulting in higher fragility estimates for separation distances larger than the minimum code-specified ones in comparison with the proposed method.
Keywords
Seismic pounding; nonlinear adjacent buildings; fragility assessment; risk assessment; pounding occurrence;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Su, L., Lu, J.C., Elgamal, A. and Arulmoli, A.K. (2017), "Seismic performance of a pile-supported wharf: Three-dimensional finite element simulation", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 95, 167-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.01.009.   DOI
2 Sues R.H., Wen Y.K. and Ang A.H-S. (1983), "Stochastic seismic performance evaluation of building", Report No. UILU-ENG-83-2008; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
3 Tubaldi, E., Barbato, M. and Ghazizadeh, S. (2012), "A probabilistic performance-based risk assessment approach for seismic pounding with efficient application to linear systems", Struct. Saf., 36-37, 14-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2012.01.002.   DOI
4 Tubaldi, E., Freddi, F. and Barbato, M. (2016), "Probabilistic seismic demand model for pounding risk assessment", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 45(11), 1743-1758. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2725.   DOI
5 Vamvatsikos, D. and Cornell, C.A. (2002), "Incremental dynamic analysis", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 31(3), 491-514. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.141.   DOI
6 Wang, C.Q., Xiao, J.Z. and Sun, Z.P. (2016), "Seismic Analysis on Recycled Aggregate Concrete Frame Considering Strain Rate Effect", Int. J. Concr. Struct. M., 10(3), 307-323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s4006.   DOI
7 Wu, Q.Y., Zhu, H.P. and Chen, X.Y. (2017), "Seismic fragility analysis of adjacent inelastic structures connected with viscous fluid dampers", Adv. Struct. Eng., 20(1), 18-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433216646000.   DOI
8 Zhang, J. and Huo, Y.L. (2009), "Evaluating effectiveness and optimum design of isolation devices for highway bridges using the fragility function method", Eng. Struct., 31(8), 1648-1660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.02.017.   DOI
9 Yu, Z.W., Liu, H.Y., Guo, W. and Liu, Q. (2017), "A general spectral difference method for calculating the minimum safety distance to avoid the pounding of adjacent structures during earthquakes", Eng. Struct., 150, 646-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.07.068.   DOI
10 Zentner, I., Gundel, M. and Bonfils, N. (2017), "Fragility analysis methods: Review of existing approaches and application", Nucl. Eng. Des., 323, 245-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2016.12.021.   DOI
11 Bradley, B.A., Dhakal, R.P., Cubrinovski, M., Mander, J.B. and MacRae, G.A. (2007), "Improved seismic hazard model with application to probabilistic seismic demand analysis", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 36(14), 2211-2225. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.727.   DOI
12 Abdel Raheem, S.E., Fooly, M.Y.M., Omar, M. and Abdel Zaher, A.K. (2019), "Seismic pounding effects on the adjacent symmetric buildings with eccentric alignment", Earthq. Struct., 16(6), 715-726. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2019.16.6.715.   DOI
13 Anagnostopoulos, S.A. (1996), "Building pounding re-examined: How serious a problem is it?", Eleventh World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Acapulco, June.
14 Au, S.K. and Beck, J.L. (2001), "Estimation of small failure probabilities in high dimensions by subset simulation", Probabilist. Eng. Mech., 16(4), 263-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-8920(01)00019-4.   DOI
15 Au, S.K. and Wang, Y. (2014), Engineering risk assessment with subset simulation, John Wiley & Sons, Singapore.
16 Baker, J.W. (2015), "Efficient Analytical Fragility Function Fitting Using Dynamic Structural Analysis", Earthq. Spectra, 31(1): 579-599. https://doi.org/10.1193/021113EQS025M.   DOI
17 Barbato, M. and Tubaldi, E. (2013), "A probabilistic performance-based approach for mitigating the seismic pounding risk between adjacent buildings", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 42(8), 1203-1219. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2267.   DOI
18 Barbosa, A.R., Fahnestock, L.A., Fick, D.R., Gautam, D., Soti, R., Wood, R., Moaveni, B., Stavridis, A., Olsen, M.J. and Rodrigues, H. (2017), "Performance of medium-to-high rise reinforced concrete frame buildings with masonry infill in the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake", Earthq. Spectra, 33(S1), S197-S218. https://doi.org/10.1193/051017EQS087M.   DOI
19 Cole, G.L., Dhakal, R.P. and Turner, F.M. (2012), "Building pounding damage observed in the 2011 Christchurch earthquake", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 41(5), 893-913. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1164.   DOI
20 Chase, J.G., Boyer, F., Rodgers, G.W., Labrosse, G. and MacRae, G.A. (2014), "Probabilistic risk analysis of structural impact in seismic events for linear and nonlinear systems", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 43(10), 1565-1580. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2414.   DOI
21 Ellingwood, B.R., Celik, O.C. and Kinali, K. (2007), "Fragility assessment of building structural systems in Mid-America", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 36(13), 1935-1952. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.693.   DOI
22 Abdel Raheem, S.E. (2014), "Mitigation measures for earthquake induced pounding effects on seismic performance of adjacent buildings", B. Earthq. Eng., 12, 1705-1724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9592-2.   DOI
23 Abdel Raheem, S.E., Fooly, M.Y.M., Abdel Shafy, A.G.A., Abbas, Y.A., Omar, M., Abdel Latif, M.M.S. and Mahmoud, S. (2018), "Seismic pounding effects on adjacent buildings in series with different alignment configurations", Steel Compos. Struct., 28(3), 289-308. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.28.3.289.   DOI
24 Abdel Raheem, S.E., Fooly, M.Y.M., Abdel Shafy, A.G.A., Taha, A., Abbas, Y.A. and Abdel Latif, M.M.S. (2019), "Numerical simulation of potential seismic pounding among adjacent buildings in series", B. Earthq. Eng., 17, 439-471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0455-0.   DOI
25 Ezzeldin, M., Wiebe, L. and El-Dakhakhni, W. (2017), "System-Level Seismic Risk Assessment Methodology: Application to Reinforced Masonry Buildings with Boundary Elements", J. Struct. Eng., 143(9), 04017084. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001815.   DOI
26 Karayannis, C.G., Favvata, M.J. (2005), "Inter-story pounding between multistory reinforced concrete structures", Struct. Eng. Mech., 20(5), 505-526. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2005.20.5.505.   DOI
27 Favvata, M.J. (2017), "Minimum required separation gap for adjacent RC frames with potential inter-story seismic pounding", Eng. Struct., 152(1), 643-659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.09.025.   DOI
28 Huo, Y.L. and Zhang, J. (2013), "Effects of Pounding and Skewness on Seismic Responses of Typical Multispan Highway Bridges Using the Fragility Function Method", J. Bridge Eng., 18(6), 499-515. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000414.   DOI
29 Jankowski, R. and Mahmoud, S. (2015), Earthquake-Induced Structural Pounding, Springer, Switzerland.
30 Jankowski, R. and Mahmoud, S. (2016), "Linking of adjacent three-storey buildings for mitigation of structural pounding during earthquakes", B. Earthq. Eng., 14(11), 3075-3097. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-016-9946-z.   DOI
31 Kasai, K. and Maison, B.F. (1997), "Building pounding damage during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake", Eng. Struct., 19(3), 195-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(96)00082-X.   DOI
32 Khorami, M., Khorami, M., Motahar, H., Alvansazyazdi, M., Shariati, M., Jalali, A. and Tahir, M.M. (2017), "Evaluation of the seismic performance of special moment frames using incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis", Struct. Eng. Mech., 63(2), 259-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.63.2.259.   DOI
33 Lin, J.H. and Weng, C.C. (2001b), "Probability analysis of seismic pounding of adjacent buildings", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 30(10), 1539-1557. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.78.   DOI
34 Li, L.X., Li, H.N. and Li, C. (2018), "Seismic fragility assessment of self-centering RC frame structures considering maximum and residual deformations", Struct. Eng. Mech., 68(6), 677-689. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.68.6.677.   DOI
35 Lin, J.H. (1997), "Separation distance to avoid seismic pounding of adjacent buildings", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 26(3), 395-403. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199703)26:3<395::AIDEQE655>3.0.CO;2-F.   DOI
36 Lin, J.H. and Weng, C.C. (2001a), "Spectral analysis on pounding probability of adjacent buildings", Eng. Struct., 23(7), 768-778. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(00)00098-5.   DOI
37 Lopez-Garcia, D. and Soong, T.T. (2009b), "Evaluation of current criteria in predicting the separation necessary to prevent seismic pounding between nonlinear hysteretic structural systems", Eng. Struct., 31(5), 1217-1229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.01.016.   DOI
38 Liu, P. and Yao, Q.F. (2010), "Dynamic reliability of structures: the example of multi-grid composite walls", Struct. Eng. Mech., 36(4), 463-479. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2010.36.4.463.   DOI
39 Liu, T., Chen Z.Y., Yuan, Y. and Shao, X.Y. (2017), "Fragility analysis of a subway station structure by incremental dynamic analysis", Adv. Struct. Eng., 20(7), 1111-1124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433216671319.   DOI
40 Lopez-Garcia, D. and Soong, T.T. (2009a), "Assessment of the separation necessary to prevent seismic pounding between linear structural systems", Probabilist. Eng. Mech., 24(2), 210-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.probengmech.2008.06.002.   DOI
41 Naeej, M., Amiri, J.V. and Jalali, S.G. (2018), "Probabilistic evaluation of separation distance between two adjacent structures", Struct. Eng. Mech., 67(5), 427-437. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.67.5.427.   DOI
42 Mahmoud, S. and Jankowski, R. (2009), "Elastic and inelastic multi-storey buildings under earthquake excitation with the effect of pounding", J. Appl. Science, 9(18), 3250-3262. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2009.3250.3262.   DOI
43 Mandal, T.K., Ghosh, S. and Pujari, N.N. (2016), "Seismic fragility analysis of a typical Indian PHWR containment: Comparison of fragility models", Struct. Saf., 58, 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2015.08.003.   DOI
44 Moradloo, J., Naserasadi, K. and Zamani, H. (2018), "Seismic fragility evaluation of arch concrete dams through nonlinear incremental analysis using smeared crack model", Struct. Eng. Mech., 68(6), 747-760. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.68.6.747.   DOI
45 Shome, N. and Cornell, C.A. (1999), "Probabilistic seismic demand analysis of nonlinear structures", Report No. RMS-35; Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
46 Pang, Y.T., Cai, L., Ouyang, H. and Zhou, X.Y. (2019), "Seismic performance assessment of different fibers reinforced concrete columns using incremental dynamic analysis", Constr. Build. Mater., 203, 241-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.087.   DOI
47 Penzien, J. (1997), "Evaluation of building separation distance required to prevent pounding during strong earthquakes", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 26(8), 849-858. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199708)26:8<849::AID-EQE680>3.0.CO;2-M.   DOI
48 Shinozyka, M. and Deodatis, G. (1991), "Simulation of Stochastic Processes by Spectral Representation", Appl Mech Rev, 44(4), 191-204. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3119501.   DOI