• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1178-1189
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• 2018

In grid-connected voltage-source inverters (VSIs), when compared with a simple inductive L filter, the LCL filter has a better performance in attenuating the high frequency harmonics caused by the pulse-width modulation of power switches. However, the resonance peaks generated by the filter inductors and capacitors can make a system unstable. In terms of simplicity and filter design cost, a passive damping method is generally preferred. However, its high power loss and degradation in high frequency harmonic attenuation are significant demerits. In this paper, a mathematical design solution for a passive LCL filter to derive filter parameters suppressing the high frequency current harmonics to 0.3% is proposed. The minimum filter inductance can be obtained to reduce the size of the filter. Furthermore, a minimum damping resistance design considering a current controller is analyzed for a stable closed-loop system. The proposed design method is verified by experimental results using a 5-kW three-phase prototype inverter.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2008

This study is aimed to contribute in establishing new port policy by research and analysis in design of global port logistics network in the East Asia region. In order to build such port logistics network, 21 ports located in East Asia among the world's 50th largest ports were selected in this study. Furthermore, the amount of container cargo and the ports of call were analyzed to categorize the subject ports in East Asia. Finally, this study tries to find economic network between the base port in East Asia, EU or North America and feeder ports in terms of logistics cost. As a result, Singapore, Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Busan ports were found as the representative ports in the East Asia that may connect North America and Europe with the minimum logistics expenses. Therefore, to maintain the stable cargo volume in ports, Korea should promote not only the overseas terminal operation which links to the Singapore, Hong Kong, and Shanghai ports, but also establish the global port logistic network connecting the Busan port.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.313-327
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• 2019

The purpose of the present study is to present a new approach to designing and selecting the details of multidimensional continuous RC beam by applying all strength, serviceability, ductility and other constraints based on ACI318-14 using Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm. The optimum reinforcement detailing of longitudinal bars is done in two steps. in the first stage, only the dimensions of the beam in each span are considered as the variables of the optimization algorithm. in the second stage, the optimal design of the longitudinal bars of the beam is made according to the first step inputs. In the optimum shear reinforcement, using gradient-based methods, the most optimal possible mode is selected based on the existing assumptions. The objective function in this study is a cost function that includes the cost of concrete, formwork and reinforcing steel bars. The steel used in the objective function is the sum of longitudinal and shear bars. The use of a catalog list consisting of all existing patterns of longitudinal bars based on the minimum rules of the regulation in the second stage, leads to a sharp reduction in the volume of calculations and the achievement of the best solution. Three example with varying degrees of complexity, have been selected in order to investigate the optimal design of the longitudinal and shear reinforcement of continuous beam.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.7
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• pp.984-991
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• 2015

This paper presents the methodology for optimal design of power grid for offshore wind power plant (OWPP) and optimum location of offshore substation. The proposed optimization process is based on a genetic algorithm, where the objective cost model is composed of investment, power loss, repair, and reliability cost using the net present value during the whole OWPP life cycle. A probability wind power output is modeled to reflect the characteristics of a wind power plant that produces electricity through wind and to calculate the reliability cost called expected energy not supplied. The main objective is to find the minimum cost for grid connection topology by submarine cables which cannot cross each other. Cable crossing was set as a constraint in the optimization algorithm of grid topology of the wind power plant. On the basis of this method, a case study is conducted to validate the model by simulating a 100-MW OWF.

• IE interfaces
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.450-462
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• 2003

In this paper, we deal with a process and layout design for producing a planned amount of Sikhye in a given limited time period under a reasonable production schedule. We represent a Sikhye production line as a vector N, the element of which denotes the number of tanks required in each process and our objective is to find an appropriate vector which minimizes the total investment cost. We suggest a systematic method for finding an appropriate N and an appropriate layout to N. In detail, first, we decide the required sequence of processes and the required operations for each process and we estimate standard operating times. Second, constructing a precedence diagram, we find a critical path in order to reduce the total production lead time for a batch of Sikhye. Third, given a limited N space, we manage to construct manually each production schedule using both the processing times of the critical operations and transfer times. Finally, we find an optimal vector N which gives a minimum investment cost and meets both the time constraint and quantity constraint. In addition, with the estimated relative size of each tank, we suggest an appropriate conceptual layout design including an expansion area for future demands, based on the span technique used in the field of architectural design.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.621-631
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• 2014

To invigorate the tapped-inductor boost (TIB) topology in emerging high step-up applications for off-grid products, a lossless snubber consisting of two capacitors and three diodes is proposed. Since the switch voltage stress is minimized in the proposed circuit, it is allowed to use a device with a lower cost, higher efficiency, and higher availability. Moreover, since the leakage inductance is fully utilized, no effort to minimize it is required. This allows for a highly productive and cost-effective design of the tapped-inductor. The proposed circuit also shows a high step-up ratio and provides relaxation of the switching loss and diode reverse-recovery. In this paper, the operation is analyzed in detail, the steady-state equation is derived, and the design considerations are discussed. Some experimental results are provided to confirm the validity of the proposed circuit.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.397-401
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• 2008

Knowledge of dynamic characteristics of structural elements often can make difference between success and failure in the design of structure due to resonance effect. In this paper an analytical model of a cantilever beam having midpoint load is considered for structural optimization. This involves creating the geometry which allows parametric study of all design variables. For that purpose optimization of cantilever beam is elaborated in order to find the optimum geometry which minimizes its volume eventually for minimum weight using ANSYS. But such geometry could be obtained by different combinations of width and height, so that it may have the same cross sectional area yet different dynamic behavior. So for optimum safe design, besides minimum volume it should have minimum vibration as well. In order to predict vibration different dynamic analyses are performed simultaneously to solve the eigenvalues problem assuming no damping initially through MATLAB simulations using state space form for modal analysis, which identifies the resonant frequencies and mode shapes belonging to the lowest three modes of vibration. And next by introducing damping effects tip displacement, bending stress and the vertical reaction force at the fixed end is evaluated under some dynamic load of varying frequency, and finally it is discussed how resonance can be avoided for particular design. Investigation of results clearly shows that only structural analysis is not enough to predict the optimum values of dimension for safe design. Potentially this technique will meet maintenance and cost goals of many organizations particularly for the application where dynamic loading is invertible and helps a lot ensuring that the proposed design will be safe for both static and dynamic conditions.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.74-96
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• 2002

The objectives of this study is to suggest the rectifying sampling inspection plan considering quality cost. Limiting quality level(LQL) plans(also called LTPD plans) and outgoing quality(OQ) plans are considered. The Hald's linear cost model is discussed with and without a beta prior for the distribution of the fraction of nonconforming items in a lot. It is assumed that the sampling inspection is error free. We consider the design of reliability acceptance sampling plan (RASP) for failure rate level qualification at selected confidence level. The lifetime distribution of products is assumed to be exponential. MIL-STD-690C and K C 6032 standards provide this procedures. But these procedures have some questions to apply in the field. The cost of test and confidence level(1-$\beta$ risk) are the problem between supplier and user. So, we suggest that the optimal life test sampling inspection plans using simple linear cost model considering product cost, capability of environment chamber, environmental test cost, and etc. Especially, we consider a reliability of lots that contain some nonconforming items. In this case we assumed that a nonconforming item fail after environmental life test. Finally, we develope the algorithm of the optimal sampling inspection plan based on minimum costs for rectifying inspection and RASP. And computer application programs are developed So, it is shown how the desired sampling plan can be easily found.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• v.5A no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2005

The optimal design of transmission system expansion planning is an important part of the overall planning task of electric power system under competitive electricity market environments. One of main keys of the successful grid expansion planning comes from optimal reliability level/criteria decision, which should be given for constraint in the optimal expansion problem. However, it's very difficult to decide logically the optimal reliability criteria of a transmission system as well as generation system expansion planning in a society. This paper approaches a methodology for deciding the optimal reliability criteria for an optimal transmission system expansion planning. A deterministic reliability criteria, BRR (Bus Reserve Rate) is used in this study. The optimal reliability criteria, BRR/sup */, is decided at minimum cost point of total cost curve which is the sum of the utility cost associated with construction cost and the customer outage cost associated with supply interruptions for load considering bus reserve rate at load buses in long term forecasting. The characteristics and effectiveness of this methodology are illustrated by the case study using IEEE-RTS.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1325-1334
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• 1998

The objectives of the present study are to develop a systematic method rather than a conventional trial-and-error method for an optimal shape design using a mathematical theory, and to apply it to engineering problems. In the present study, an optimal condition for a minimum pressure loss in a two-dimensional curved duct flow is derived and then an optimal shape of the curved duct is designed from the optimal condition. In the design procedure, one needs to solve the adjoint Navier-Stokes equations which are derived from the Navier-Stokes equations and the cost function. Therefore, a computer code of solving both the Navier-Stokes and adjoint Navier-Stokes equations together with an automatic grid generation is developed. In a curved duct flow, flow separation occurs due to an adverse pressure gradient, resulting in an additional pressure loss. Optimal shapes of a curved duct are obtained at three different Reynolds numbers of 100, 300 and 800, respectively. In the optimally shaped curved ducts, the separation region does not exist or is significantly reduced, and thus the pressure loss along the curved duct is significantly reduced.