• 한국HCI학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2015

NUI(Natural User Interface)는 사용자의 자연스러운 동작이나 동작 시 발생하는 생체 신호를 해석하여 기계에 명령을 내리는 것을 말한다. 물리적인 변화가 있어야 사용이 가능한 가속도 센서나 영상 기반의 NUI와는 달리 특정 동작과 관련된 근육의 표면 근전도(surface Electromyogram, sEMG)를 측정하면 실제 움직임이 발생하지 않아도(isometric contraction) 동작 의도를 예측할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 근전도 기반으로 손목 동작 의도를 분류할 때 전극 개수에 따른 정확도를 확인하고, 키보드 등에 적용 가능한 인터페이스 기술을 제안한다. 손목의 동작 중 신전(extension, up), 굴곡(flexion, down), 외전(abduction, right), 내전(adduction, left)의 네 가지 동작 의도를 분류하는 실험을 진행하였다. 50ms 간격으로 계산된 제곱평균제곱근(Root Mean Square, RMS)을 특징으로 사용하였고, 동작 의도 인식을 위해 역전파 알고리즘으로 학습한 다층 퍼셉트론 분류기를 사용하였다. 전극 쌍의 개수를 네 개(91.9%), 세 개(87.0%), 두 개(78.9%)로 줄여가며 정확도를 확인했다. 전극 쌍의 개수가 네 개에서 두 개로 줄었을 때 정확도는 약 13% 감소하였다. 두 쌍의 전극만 사용하는 경우의 분류 정확도를 높이기 위하여 직전의 RMS를 특징에 추가하였다. 150 ms 이전까지의 정보를 사용하였을 때, 분류 정확도가 78.9%에서 83.6%로 4.6% 증가하였다. 전극 쌍의 개수가 감소함에 따라 정확도는 감소하였지만, 이전 데이터를 함께 사용한 경우 부분적으로 증가 시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.201-211
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• 2019

Low carbon steel (S20C steel) and SPCC steel sheet have been austenitic nitrided at $700^{\circ}C$ in a closed pit type furnace by changing the flow rate of ammonia gas and heat treating time. When the flow rate of ammonia gas was low, the concentration of residual ammonia appeared low and the hardness value of transformed surface layer was high. The depth of the surface layer, however, was shallow. With increasing the concentration of residual ammonia by raising up the ammonia gas flow, both the depth of the surface layer and the pore depth increased, while the maximum hardness of the surface layer decreased. By introducing a large amount of ammonia gas in a short time, a deep surface layer with minimal pores on the outermost surface was obtained. In this experiment, while maintaining 10~12% of residual ammonia, the flow rate of inlet ammonia gas, 7 liter/min, was introduced at $700^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. In this condition, the thickness of the surface layer without pores appeared about $60{\mu}m$ in S20C steel and $30{\mu}m$ in SPCC steel plate. Injecting additional methane gas (carburizing gas) to this condition played a deteriorating effect due to promoting the formation of vertical pores in the surface layer. For $1^{st}$ transformed surface layer for S20C steel, maintaining 10~12% residual ammonia condition via austenitic nitriding process resulted in ${\varepsilon}$ phase with relatively high nitrogen concentration (just below 4.23 wt.%N) among the mixed phases of ${\varepsilon}+{\gamma}$. The ${\varepsilon}$ phase was formed a specific orientation perpendicular to the surface. For $2^{nd}$ transformed layer for S20C steel, ${\gamma}$ phase was rather dominant (just above 2.63 wt.%N). For SPCC steel sheet, there appeared three phases, ${\gamma}$, ${\alpha}(M)$ and weak ${\varepsilon}$ phase. The nitrogen concentration would be approximately 2.6 wt.% in these phases condition.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2020

일반적으로 품질 관리는 많은 제조 공정, 특히 주조 또는 용접과 관련된 공정의 기본 구성 요소가 된다. 그러나 사람이 일일이 수동으로 품질 관리 절차를 하는 것은 종종 시간이 걸리고 오류가 발생하기 쉽다. 최근 고품질 제품에 대한 요구를 만족시키기 위해 지능형 육안 검사 시스템의 사용이 생산 라인에서 필수적이 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이를 위해 딥 러닝 기반의 ShuffleDefectNet 결함 감지 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 결함 검출 시스템은 NEU 데이터 세트의 결함 검출에 대한 여러 최신 성능들보다 높은 평균 정확도 99.75% 정도를 얻는다. 이 논문에서 여러 다른 트레이닝 데이터로부터 최상의 성능을 탐지하고 탐지 성능을 관찰하였다. 그 결과 ShuffleDefectNet의 전체 아키텍처를 사용할 때 정확성과 속도가 크게 향상됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the geochemical factors governing the distribution of heavy metals(Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the marine surface sediment samples collected from the Samcheonpo coal-fired power plant. Variations of absolute metal concentrations were related to those in textural and/or carbonate and organic matter content. Most elements, except for Pb, showed generally lower contents compared with the average shale concentration, and the effect of anthropogenic input appeared to be minimal in the sediments. Computations of LF%(labile fraction) and EF(enrichment factor) based on all trace metal data indicated the presence of mineralogical control for Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn, and anthropogenic contamination for Pb, which needs to be considered in the design of long term monitoring programmes.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.737-741
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• 1999

본 연구에서 분리된 phenanthrene 분해균주의 대부분이 소수성을 나타내었고, 미생물계면활성제를 생산하면서 분해하는 균주보다 phenanthrene 분해능이 높았다. 균주 H6의 경우 phenanthrene 분해시 생산되는 미생물계면활성제는 포도당을 분해할 때도 생산되면 미생물의 성장과 더불어 증가하다가 stationary phase에서 일정하게 유지되었다. H6는 Bacillus subtilis로서 분리된 미생물계면활성제는 lipopeptide이었으며 H6에서 추출한 미생물계면활성제는 pH 2 이하에서 거의 회수되었고, 분산력이 Tween 80이나 Brij 30 등 화학계면활성제보다 높았고 열에 강한 특성을 보였다.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2014

Object of this study is to see whether the arc-groove on a D-shape bluff body effects the drag reduction or not. To this end, the changes of the boundary layer on the surface of the object, the downstream flow field and wake flow were found by experiments. The experiments are conducted by changing number and depth of the groove, angle of the first groove and Reynolds number(Re). Groove did not effect on the surface in the downstream boundary layer of the object and was minimal impact on the time mean velocity recovery of the wake flow. Also the effects of Groove did not have a significant impact on the structure of the wake and the wake frequency. Therefore it is found that the arc-groove of the drag reduction effect on the D-shape bluff body was smaller.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.768-772
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• 2008

Various scanning systems have been studied in many industrial areas to acquire a range data or to reconstruct an explicit 3D model. Currently optical technology has been used widely by virtue of noncontactness and high-accuracy. In this paper, we describe a 3D laser scanning system developped to reconstruct the 3D surface of a large-scale object such as a curved-plate of ship-hull. Our scanning system comprises of 4ch-parallel laser vision modules using a triangulation technique. For multi laser vision, calibration method based on least square technique is applied. In global scanning, an effective method without solving difficulty of matching problem among the scanning results of each camera is presented. Also minimal image processing algorithm and robot-based calibration technique are applied. A prototype had been implemented for testing.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.292-292
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• 2000

Since high-power CO$_2$ Laser can be make a high densed energy to Local processing area, manufacturing processes using the laser can be processed for very Localized areas at a very fast rate with minimal or no distortion. Accordingly, the laser has been widely used in the fields of thermal manufacturing processes such as welding, fusion cutting, grooving, and heat treatment of metals. In particular, interest in the laser heat treatment process has grown tremendously in the past few years. In this process, maintaining the uniform hardening depth is important problem to obtain good quality products and to reduce heat induced distortion and residual stress. For achieving this objective, we introduced a new design technique of a fuzzy logic controller that greatly simplified the design procedure by defining several simplified design parameters. In the design procedure, the major design parameters of the controller are characterized by identifying several common aspects. From a series of simulation results, we found that the proposed design technique can be effectively used to design of a fuzzy logic controller for the LASER surface hardening process.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 1984

It was the purpose of this study to determine the galvanic current between a gold alloy inlay and four types of amalgam using the circuit through pulp chambers when the freshly extracted teeth with those restorations were brought into contact in a physiologic saline solution, and to investigate the effectiveness of cavity varnish or ammonated silver-nitrate on the surface of amalgam restoration in reducing galvanic current. The current was measured with current-to-voltage converter and recored on a physiograph 6630-257. The following results were obtained. 1. Generally, galvanic current decreased as the time elapsed. 2. Galvainc current decreased significantly in the first day and after then minimal change was observed until 30th day. 3. Initial galvanic current was 29.6 ${\mu}A$ in the cut amalgam and 24.5 ${\mu}A$ in Dispersalloy amalgam and after then the current was significantly decreased. 4. Initial galvanic current was 12.6 ${\mu}A$ in spherical amalgam (low copper amalgam) and 13.8 ${\mu}A$ in Tytin amalgam and the amount of change was lower in sperical amalgam and Tytin amalgam than that in lathe cut amalgam and Dispersalloy amalgam. 5. Painting ammoniated silver-nitrate or Copalite on the surface of amalgam resotration decreased initial galvanic current and ammoniated silver-nitrate is more effective in decreasing galvanic current than Copalite. 6. Galvanic current by contact between amalgam restoration and gold restoration increased abruptly and dropped rapidly becoming almost.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2013

An alternative technique to control multilevel inverters with vector approximations has been presented. The innovative control method utilizes specially designed two-dimensional hysteresis comparators to simplify the implementation and improve the resultant waveform. The multistage inverter designed with maximum number of levels is operated in such a way to approximate the reference voltage vector by exploiting the large number of multilevel inverter vectors. A three-stage inverter with the main high voltage stage made of three phase, six-switch and singly-fed inverter is considered for application to the proposed design. The proposed control concept is to maintain a higher voltage stage state as long as it can lead to a target vector. High and medium voltage stages controllers are based on surface hysteresis comparators to hold the switching state or to perform the necessary change to achieve its reference voltage with minimal switching losses. The low voltage stage controller is designed to approximate the target reference voltage to the nearest inverter vector using the nearest integer rounding and adjustment comparators. Model simulation and prototype test results show that the proposed control technique clearly outperforms the previous control methods.