• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.603-615
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• 2005

워크플로우 관리 시스템은 다양성과 복잡성이 커지고 있는 비즈니스 프로세스 관리의 해결대안으로서 부각되고있다. 본 연구에서는 주어진 프로세스 흐름을 세 가지의 패턴 즉, 반복블록, 직렬블록 및 병렬블록 등으로 단순화하고 노드의 위상적 순서(topological ordering)를 생성하는 알고리즘을 이용하여 사이클을 찾아 반복블록을 제거하고, 다음으로 직렬 및 병렬블록을 반복적으로 검색하는 수로분기 알고리즘을 포함하는 새로운 모델을 제시한다. 그리고 ACTA 형식론에 기반하여 각 블록을 ECA규칙으로 변환하여 사건(event)을 감지하는 워크플로우 시스템으로의 구현 방안을 제시한다. 그 모델의 결과를 컴퓨터가 수행할 수 있도록 만들어주는 과정 즉, 비즈니스 프로세스를 모델에 입각하여 통제하는 데에 사건-조건-처리(ECA)규칙을 사용한다. 유형별로 ECA 규칙에 입각한 통제 논리를 설계하였으며, 이것은 규칙기반 워크플로우 관리시스템의 기초가 될 수 있다. 또한 본 연구의 결과가 현행 DBMS들의 능동형 규칙(active rule)에 적용될 수 있도록 구체적 대안을 제시하였다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2018

콘크리트 자기치유를 목적으로 미생물 혼입 하이드로젤 지지체 첨가에 따른 콘크리트의 특성을 검토하였다. 자기치유 콘크리트의 슬럼프 측정결과, 모든 배합조건에서 목표슬럼프를 만족하였으나, 하이드로젤 지지체의 혼입량 증가에 따라 슬럼프 감소가 있었다. 하이드로젤 지지체 혼입에 따른 공극률의 변화는 미미하였다. 자기치유 콘크리트의 압축강도 평가결과, 하이드로젤 지지체의 혼입은 강도에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 하지만 동일 배합조건하에서 시험체간의 분산값이 하이드로젤 지지체 혼입량 증가에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 하이드로젤 지지체의 혼입에 따른 자기치유 콘크리트의 투수시험 결과, HC-B1.5 배합의 경우 최대 45.6%의 투수계수 회복율을 나타내어 하이드로젤 지지체의 혼입이 투수계수 감소에 효과가 높은 것으로 확인되었다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.240-254
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• 2017

Cereal grains are the most important food source for humans. As the global population continues to grow exponentially, the need for the enhanced yield and minimal loss of agricultural crops, mainly cereal grains, is increasing. In general, harvested grains are stored for specific time periods to guarantee their continuous supply throughout the year. During storage, economic losses due to reduction in quality and quantity of grains can become very significant. Grain loss is usually the result of its deterioration due to fungal contamination that can occur from preharvest to postharvest stages. The deleterious fungi can be classified based on predominance at different stages of crop growth and harvest that are affected by environmental factors such as water activity ($a_w$) and eco-physiological requirements. These fungi include species such as those belonging to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium that can produce mycotoxins harmful to animals and humans. The grain type and condition, environment, and biological factors can also influence the occurrence and predominance of mycotoxigenic fungi in stored grains. The main environmental factors influencing grain fungi and mycotoxins are temperature and $a_w$. This review discusses the effects of temperature and $a_w$ on fungal growth and mycotoxin production in stored grains. The focus is on the occurrence and optimum and minimum growth requirements for grain fungi and mycotoxin production. The environmental influence on aflatoxin production and hypothesized mechanisms of its molecular suppression in response to environmental changes are also discussed. In addition, the use of controlled or modified atmosphere as an environmentally safe alternative to harmful agricultural chemicals is discussed and recommended future research issues are highlighted.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.585-589
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• 2011

Purpose: Microcirculation of diabetic patients is commonly comporomised, regardless of the condition of the macrocirculation. Therefore, direct tissue oxygenation measurement is recommended in determining tissue viability and predicting wound healing potential. This study was designed to determine cut-off value of the tissue oxygenation in predicting wound healing in diabetic foot patients. Methods: This study included 41 feet of 41 diabetic foot patients who were treated in the Diabetic Wound Center of author's institution between January and June, 2009. Main inclusion criteria were type 1 or 2 diabetes and a foot ulcer (duration > 3 weeks) and ulcer area (from 1 $cm^2$ to 4 $cm^2$). Measurements of the area of diabetic foot ulcer were carried out before treatment. Transcutaneous oxygen pressure ($TcpO_2$) was measured at adjacent site of ulcer. The healing wound was defined as complete wound closure within 12 weeks. Results: Average diabetic foot ulcer areas with healing and nonhealing wounds were $2.67{\pm}0.76$ and $2.59{\pm}0.75\;cm^2$, respectively. There was no significant difference in the wound area between the groups. Average foot $TcpO_2$ in healing and nonhealing wounds were $68.56{\pm}23.07$ and $30.98{\pm}16.66$ mmHg, respectively ($p$ <0.01). The rate of healing wound increased as $TcpO_2$ increased. In particular, $TcpO_2$ lower than 40 mmHg and higher than 40 mmHg showed the most significant difference (wound healing rates of 25% and 71%, respectively). Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, the minimal $TcpO_2$ value thought to be required for adequate wound healing in diabetic wounds (cut-off value) is 40 mmHg.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.749-757
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• 2010

Purpose: Since skin sparing mastectomy removes the mammary gland and the nipple-areolar complex preserving all mammary skin, it makes the widespread use of implants in immediate reconstruction. This article reports our experience in immediate breast reconstruction after skin sparing mastectomy by using the silicone implants in patients especially who have small to moderate sized and minimal ptotic breast. Methods: From September of 2007 to July of 2009, we performed breast reconstruction for 44 breasts of 40 women with silicone implant after mastectomy. Tumors were divided into 5 malignant types (21 IDC, 18 DCIS, 2 ILC, 2 phylloides tumor, 1 mucinous carcinoma). The implant is placed in a submuscular pocket or in a submuscularsubfascial pocket depending upon the condition of the muscles and skin flaps after mastectomy. Results: The mean age was 47 years and the average follow-up period was 11 months. Cosmetic outcome was assessed by evaluation of photographs and assessment of breast volume and shape, breast symmetry, and overall outcome. About 80% of each of these parameters was scored as good or excellent. Breast complication was developed in a total of 6 cases including 2 capsular contracture, 2 partial skin necrosis due to blue dye injection and 2 implant infection. Conclusion: The use of definitive implants in a skin sparing mastectomy is a one-stage immediate breast reconstruction with low morbidity and acceptable result. This method is considered reliable with favorable aesthetic result.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2010

The high concentration of N in the wastewater from livestock farming generally renders the efficiency of the wastewater treatment. Therefore, removal of N in livestock wastewater is crucial for successful treatment. The current study was conducted to investigate the optimum conditions for partial nitrification under anaerobic condition following nitritation in TPAD-BNR(two-phase anaerobic digestion-biological nitrogen removal) operating system. Sequential operating test to stimulate partial nitrification in reactor showed that partial nitrification occurred at a ratio of 1.24 in $NO_2{^-}$-N:$NH_4{^+}$-N. With this result, a wide range of factors affecting stable nitritation were examined through regression analysis. In the livestock wastewater treatment procedure, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and pH range for optimum nitrite accumulation in the reactor were 1-1.5 days and 7-8, respectively. It was appeared that accumulation of $NO_2{^-}$-N in the reactor is due to inhibition of the $NO_2{^-}$-N oxidizer by free ammonia (FA) while the effect of free nitrous acid was minimal. Nitrification was not influenced by DO concentration at a range of 2.0-3.0 mg/L and the difference in the growth rate between $NH_4{^+}$-N oxidizer and $NO_2{^-}$-N oxidizer was dependent on the temperature in the reactor.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.131-134
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• 2006

Clavicorona pyxidata DGUM 29005의 균사 생육을 위한 최적 배양조건 및 효소 활성을 조사하였다. 균사 생육을 위한 최적 온도 및 pH는 각각 $24^{\circ}C$ 및 5.0이었다. 사용된 복합배지 중 malt extract medium (MEM)에서 가장 좋은 균사 생육을 나타내었다. 최소배지로 Czapek-Dox 한천배지를 사용하고 탄소원으로 trehalose, mannitol, sucrose 및 maltose 첨가시 균사생육이 우수하였다. 전반적으로 무기질소원이 유기질소원 보다 균사 생육을 더 촉진하였으며, 무기질소원으로 calcium nitrate를 사용하였을 때 균사 생육이 가장 우수하였다. 인산원으로 $Na_2HPO_4$를 사용했을 때 균사생육이 촉진되었으며, 가장 우수한 비타민원은 p-aminobenzoic acid이었다. MEM 액체배지를 사용하여 $24^{\circ}C$에서 20일간 C. pyxidata DGUM 29005를 배양하여 균사외 분비효소 및 균사내 효소의 활성도를 측정한 결과, 균사외 분비 효소 중 laccase의 활성도가 다른 효소에 비해 높았으며, ${\alpha}$-amylase, chitinase, lipase 및 pretense의 활성도는 낮거나 없었다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2018

Objectives: Isolated mandibular fractures contribute to approximately 45% of maxillofacial traumas. Improper management of mandibular fractures can cause myriad potential complications and can lead to serious functional and aesthetic sequelae. The objective of the study is to design a stepwise approach for managing isolated mandibular fractures using open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with regional anesthesia on outpatient basis. Materials and Methods: Patients with isolated mandibular fractures presenting to the department of maxillofacial surgery were selected for ORIF under regional anesthesia based on occlusion, age, socioeconomic status, general condition, habits, and allied medical ailments. Standard preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative protocols were followed. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 4 weeks up to a maximum of 1 year. Results: Of 23 patients who received regional anesthesia, all but one had good postoperative functional occlusion. One patient was hypersensitive and had difficulty tolerating the procedure. Two patients developed an extraoral draining sinus, one of whom was managed with local curettage, while the other required hardware removal. One patient, who was a chronic alcoholic, returned 1 week after treatment with deranged fracture segments after he fell while intoxicated. Conclusion: With proper case selection following a stepwise protocol, the majority of mandibular fractures requiring ORIF can be managed with regional anesthesia and yield minimal to no complications.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.510-519
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• 2019

The effect of combined electron-beam irradiation and aging temperature of pork on microbiological and physicochemical properties was investigated. The samples from pork shoulder were irradiated with 0 or 2 kGy, vacuum-packaged, and assigned randomly to an aging temperature ($2^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, or $25^{\circ}C$) during 8 d. On 4 d of aging at $25^{\circ}C$, total aerobic bacteria of non-irradiated ones reached 7 Log CFU/g which is no salable levels. Shear force values of irradiated meat after aging for 2 and 4 d at $25^{\circ}C$ was lower than those aged at $2^{\circ}C$. Irradiated samples at $2^{\circ}C$ had lower cooking loss after 2 and 8 d of aging, compared with other aging temperatures. Irradiation did not accelerate 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value when aged up to 4 d. Irradiated samples aged at $10^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ for 8 d scored significantly higher TBARS values. With an increased aging period, $a^*$ and $b^*$ in irradiated samples at $2^{\circ}C$ slightly increased, but irradiation caused negligible changes in meat color. The highest contents of a desirable nucleotide flavor compounds (inosine-5-phosphate) were observed in pork at $2^{\circ}C$ when aged for 4 and 8 d, while the lowest contents were observed at $25^{\circ}C$. Aging in irradiated pork for 8 d at $2^{\circ}C$ resulted in optimal condition with improved meat quality and minimal microbiologically negative defect.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2019

소형 밀리미터파 추적 레이다용 전원공급기는 리플노이즈가 최소인 안정적인 전원을 공급해야 하며 DC-DC 변환기의 스위칭 주파수 노이즈가 False Alarm 과 Ghost 를 유발하지 않고 운영중 모니터링을 통한 실시간 자체점검 기능을 보유하고 있어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 소형 밀리미터파 추적 레이다에 적용하기 위하여 +28VDC 입력을 받아서 최대 출력 ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}W$, 효율 80% 이상(@100%부하), 출력 전원 10개의 다중 출력 스위칭 전원공급기를 개발하였고 효율 80% 이상을 달성하기 위하여 전력이 큰 출력에 대해서는 DC-DC 변환기를 적용하였고 나머지 소전력 출력에 대해서는 다중 출력 플라이백 방식을 적용하여 설계 제작하여 시험 결과 100% 부하조건에서 85%의 우수한 효율 특성을 확인하였다.