• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.423-430
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• 2004

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of red-yeast-rice on bone metabolism in overiectomized (OVX) rats. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 210 $\pm$ 5 g, 9 weeks old age) were divided into two groups. One group were OVX, and the other group received sham operation (SHAM), and received either control diet (20％ casein) or a red-yeast-rice power supplemented diet (0.1％) for 9 weeks. And then each rat group was further divided into control diet (casein 20％) and red-yeast-rice powder supplemented (0.1％) diet group. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin, USA) in spine and femur on 5, 9 weeks after feeding. The serum and urine concentrations of Ca and P were determined. Bone formation was measured by serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations. And bone resorption rate was measured by deoxypyridinoline (DPD) crosslinks immunoassay and corrected for creatinine. Serum osteocalcin, growth hormone, IGF-l and calcitonin were analyzed using radioimmunoassay kits. Urinary Ca and P excretion were not significantly different among the groups. Within the OVX group, the red-yeast-rice group had a lower crosslinks value than the casein group. Therefore the red-yeast-rice supplemented groups had a lower bone resorption ratio than the casein group in the ovariectomized rats. And, the red-yeast-rice group had significantly higher IGF-l hormone than casein group in ovariectomized rats. The red-yeast-rice group had higher spine bone mineral content than those of control group within the OVX groups. This study was an important first step in establishing that the observed beneficial effects of red-yeast-rice on bone, and this study also established the need for a study on the long-term effect of this supplement in a human.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2007

규질이암의 열처리 및 산 침출이 소듐 실리케이트나 규산 수용액과 같은 실리카 전구물질 순도에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 규질이암의 열처리 온도, 산 침출시 염산 농도 및 황산 농도를 변화시키며 전구물질 내에 실리콘 함량을 최대한 높이면서 에너지 및 화학약품의 소모는 최소화하는 조건을 구하였다. 열처리는 $600^{\circ}C$, 산 침출은 1.56 M의 염산만 사용하였을 경우 최적이었다. 소듐 실리케이트와 규산 수용액의 실리콘 순도는 각각 최대 99.2%와 99.5%였다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2011

This study investigated mineral element concentrations of acorns in Quercus acutissima and Quercus serrata seed orchard, so that to estimate the variation of these species based on the chemical composition in different clones from plus trees. The acorns were collected from ten clones of each species grown in the same clonal seed orchard. The nutritional concentration of acorns was significantly different between the clones and species. The concentration of nutrient for the whole acorn followed in this general sequence: P > K > Na > Mg > Ca > Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu. The mineral concentrations of acorns in clones of Q. acutissima and Q. serrata contained P (494 to 684 and 541 to 672 mg/100 g), K (114 to 569 and 140 to 251 mg/100 g), Na (57 to 121 and 49 to 85 mg/100 g), Mg (29 to 37 and 26 to 42 mg/100 g), Ca (10 to 53 and 26 to 68 mg/100 g), Mn (0.5 to 3.4 and 1.8 to 4.5 mg/100 g), Fe (0.7 to 1.1 and 0.0 to 2.2 mg/100 g), Zn (0.34 to 0.81 and 0.38 to 0.84 mg/100 g), and Cu (0.13 to 0.40 and 0.09 to 0.34 mg/100 g) respectively. Even though acorns of Q. serrata are smaller in size than Q. acutissima, acorns of Q. serrata contained significantly higher concentration of phosphorus, calcium, iron and manganese than Q. acutissima. Based on the mineral composition of the acorns, this study has shown that the clones of Q. acutissima and Q. serrata have different ability to accumulate mineral nutrients which could indicate the variation of Quercus species in terms of mineral acquisition and accumulation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.708-718
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• 2010

The objective of the current study was to determine seasonal changes in glucose, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), serum inorganic phosphorous (SIP), calcium, magnesium and iron concentrations in Nguni and crossbred cattle on the sweet and sour rangelands of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Body weights, body condition scores (BCS) and serum concentrations of energy-related metabolites and mineral profiles were determined in late cool-dry, hot-dry, hot-wet, post-rainy and early cool-dry seasons in 100 cattle raised on communal rangelands from August 2007 to May 2008. Nguni cattle had lower (p<0.05) and higher (p<0.05) serum concentrations of glucose in the hot-wet and post-rainy seasons, respectively, compared to crossbreds in the same seasons. Serum cholesterol and NEFA concentrations in Nguni were lower (p<0.05) than in the crossbreds. Nguni and crossbred cattle had higher (p<0.05) serum NEFA concentrations on the sweet rangeland during the late cool-dry season than on sour rangeland. Nguni cattle had higher (p<0.05) SIP concentration in the hot-wet season than the crossbreds. Generally, both breeds had lowest SIP concentration during the hot-wet season on the sour rangeland. The lowest magnesium and highest iron concentrations were observed in the hot-wet and post-rainy seasons, respectively, compared to other seasons. Cattle on the sour rangeland had lower (p<0.05) iron concentrations than those on the sweet rangeland. It was concluded that Nguni cattle had lower cholesterol and NEFA, and higher SIP concentrations in the hot-wet season than crossbreds and energy deficits mostly occurred during the late cool-dry season on the sweet rangeland.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1706-1710
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• 2011

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of calcium (Ca) fertilization on oxalate content in napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum) and on some blood parameters of sheep. Re-growth napiergrass was grown with or without Ca fertilizer and offered to sheep. Eight sheep, divided into two groups of 4 animals each were used. Calcium-fertilized napiergrass was offered daily to the animals as experimental treatment, whereas without Ca-fertilized napiergrass was given to the animals as control. Results showed that there was a trend to lower soluble and total oxalate concentrations in Ca-fertilized grass than control. The Ca-fertilized grass contained (p<0.05) lower concentrations of K and Mg than control, though Ca fertilization had no affect (p>0.05) on Ca and Na concentrations in plants. Feeding of Ca-fertilized grass had no affect on the feed consumption, blood Mg level and daily gain of sheep. However, sheep fed control grass had lower (p<0.05) blood Ca level than sheep fed Ca-fertilized grass. Our findings suggest that Ca fertilization might minimize the negative effects of oxalate.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.342-347
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• 2001

인공상토재배 시 상토종류와 해수농도가 퉁퉁마디의 생육과 무기양분흡수 경향을 알아보고 자생지 식물의 생육단계별 무기양분 흡수 변화를 알아보기 위해 실험을 실시하였다. 퉁퉁마디는 해수농도가 0, 10, 30, 90%이고 무비 및 유비의 상토조건에서 재배되었다. 식물의 초장, Na, K, Ca 농도는 식물체의 내염성과 관련성을 가지고 있었으며, 초장은 해수농도가 10, 30%에서 가장 길었다. 해수 희석농도 간에는 상토종류에 따라 다르나 해수 10%와 30% 시험구에서 양호한 값을 보였고, 황색길이와 녹색길이의 비율은 해수율이 낮을수록 황색길이가 많은 경향을 보였다. 인공상토에서 재배한 식물체는 해수농도가 높을수록 Na, Mg, Fe를 많이 흡수하는 경향이었으나 Ca, P, K 등은 오히려 감소하는 경향이었다. 해수농도가 증가할수록 Na의 농도는 증가하고 K의 농도는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 해수의 농도가 높을수록 식물체 안에서 Na의 축적이 증가하였으며, 식물체의 Na의 흡수증가로 K/Na 비는 감소하였다. 해수농도가 낮아질수록 Na농도가 낮았다. 자생지인 갈사지역에서 자생하고 있는 퉁퉁마디의 생육시기별 무기성분 분석결과를 보면 채취시기에 따라 큰 차이를 보였는데 Na, Mg, K은 6월이 가장 높았으며 Ca, P의 농도는 9월에 가장 높았다. 그리고 4월 중의 무기성분농도가 6월과 9월에 비해 가장 낮은 결과를 보여 채취시기에 따라 무기성분이 다른 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.33-51
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• 2013

Spatial and temporal characteristics of nitrate contamination and hydrogeochemical parameters were investigated for springs and surficial and bedrock groundwaters in northeastern part of Hongseong. Two field investigations were conducted at dry and wet seasons in 2011 for 120 sites including measurement of field parameters with chemical analyses of major dissolved constituents. Nitrate concentrations were at background levels in springs while 45% of bedrock groundwater and 49% of surficial groundwater exceeded the drinking water standard of nitrate (10 mg/L as $NO_3$-N). The difference in nitrate concentrations between surficial and bedrock groundwater was statistically insignificant. Cumulative frequency distribution of nitrate concentrations revealed two inflection points of 2 and 16 mg/L as $NO_3$-N. Correlation analysis of hydrogeochemical parameters showed that nitrate had higher correlations with Sr, Mg, Cl, Na, and Ca, in surficial groundwater in both dry and wet season. In contrast, nitrate had much weaker correlations with other hydrogeochemical parameters in bedrock groundwater compared to surficial groundwater and had significant correlations only in wet season. Temporally, nitrate and chloride concentrations decreased and dissolved oxygen (DO) increased from dry season to wet season, which indicates that increased recharge during the wet season affected groundwater quality. Aerobic conditions were predominant for both surficial and bedrock groundwater indicating low natural attenuation potential of nitrate in the aquifers of the study area.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.37-52
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• 2020

Sensitivity analysis of hydrodynamic and reaction parameters in conceptual model reflecting aquifer characteristics of Korea was performed to evaluate the uncertainty in the predicted concentrations. Among the hydrodynamic input parameters, both hydraulic conductivity (K_x) and hydraulic gradient (I) affected transport behaviors of contaminants, and resulted in same convergence concentrations with continuous injections of contaminant. However, longitudinal dispervisity (α_L) affected both transport behaviors and the convergence concentrations of contaminants. Compared to the hydrodynamic parameters, growth kinetic and degradation parameters (μ_m & K_c) more significantly affected both transport behaviors and the convergence concentrations of contaminants, indicating those parameters had higher sensitivity indices causing the uncertainties of model predictions. Considering that the sensitivity indices of both hydrodynamic and reaction parameters were a function of transport distance of groundwater, the parameters with higher sensitivity indices, a priori, need to be investigated using conceptual model reflecting site-specific aquifer characteristics before field investigation. After determining the parameters with higher sensitivity indices, the detail field investigations for the selected hydrodynamic and reaction parameters were warranted to reduce the uncertainties of model predictions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.531-536
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• 2002

We investigated the exercise-induced changes in the serum concentration of several minerals in horses. Four welltrained Thoroughbred horses performed exercise for 5 d. The blood hemoglobin (Hb) concentration increased during exercise, recovered to the pre-exercise level immediately after cooling down and did not change again up till the end of experiment. The changes in serum zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) concentrations were similar to those of blood Hb during the experiment. The serum magnesium (Mg), inorganic phosphorus (Pi) and iron (Fe) concentrations also increased during exercise. Though the serum Pi concentration recovered to the pre-exercise level immediately after the cooling down, it decreased further before the end of the experiment. The serum Mg concentration was lower immediately after cooling down than its pre-exercise level but gradually recovered from the temporal reduction. The recovery of the serum Fe concentration was delayed compared to that of other minerals and recovered 2 h after cooling down. The serum calcium (Ca) concentration did not change during exercise but rapidly decreased after cooling down. As a result, it was lower immediately after cooling down than its pre-exercise level. It recovered, however, to the pre-exercise level 2 h after cooling down. The temporal increase in the serum concentrations of all minerals except Ca is considered to result from hemoconcentration induced by exercise and the stable concentration of the serum Ca during exercise is possibly due to its strict regulation of homeostasis. These results indicate that the serum concentration of each mineral responds differently to exercise in horses, which may be due to the difference in metabolism among these minerals.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2007

국내 지하수의 라돈 함량을 파악하기 위하여 1999년부터 2002년까지 4년에 걸쳐서 615개 지하수 시료에 대한 분석이 이루어졌다. 조사된 농도범위는 4 pCi/L에서 40,010 pCi/L까지로 나타났으며, 평균값과 중간값은 각각 1,862 pCi/L와 920 pCi/L이었다. 조사한 지하수시료를 지질조건에 따라 5개의 집단으로 구분한 결과 평균 라돈함량은 화강암 지역 지하수에서 2,595 pCi/L로 가장 높았으며, 제주화산암 지하수에서는 238 pCi/L로 가장 낮았다. 또한, 풍화대와 암반지하수에서 2,298 pCi/L로 가장 높았으며, 충적층지하수에서는 672 pCi/L로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 국내 지하수중 라돈의 평균 함량과 최고 함량은 유사한 지질환경을 가지는 외국의 경우와 비교하면 낮은 편이나 보다 확실한 결론을 위해서는 추가 분석자료가 필요하다.