• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.359-364
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• 2006

Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques were developed to quantify abamectin (ABM) in paprika (Capsicum annum). Separation was achieved on a $C_{18}$ ODS column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile/water (96/4, v/v) mixture in an isocratic elution at the flow tate of 1.2 mL/min for avermectins (AVMs). The retention times were 8.0 and 9.7mins for AVM $B_{lb}$ and AVM $B_{1a}$, respectively. Residual AVMs (sum of AVM $B_{1a}$, AVM $B_{1b}$ and 8,9-Z-AVM $B_{1a}$) in the vegetable were extracted with acetonitrile, and the silica solid-phase extraction cartridges were used to purify the extract. AVMs were derivatized using trifluoroacetic acid and 1-methylimidazole, and the derivatives were determined with a fluorescence detector (excitation at 365 nm and emission at 470 nm). High and consistent recoveries, ranging from 93% to 115%, were obtained for AVM $B_{1a}$ and 8, 9-Z-AVM $B_{1a}$ at fortified levels of $20{\mu}g/kg\;and\;200{\mu}g/kg$ for paprika. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was $2{\mu}g/kg$. The residual levels of AVMs in paprika in a field experiment from one day to seven days after the last application decreased from 18.40 to $7.59{\mu}g/kg$. The half-life $(T_{1/2})$ of AVMs in paprika was 1.47 days.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.333-337
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• 1999

우리나라 인근 해역에서 가장 쉽게 채취할 수 있는 해조류중의 하나인 S. horneri을 이용한 Pb 의 생체흡착 실험을 수행하였다. 흡착 평형에는 15분 안에 도달하였으며, 평형흡착량은 185.5mg Pb/g biomass 이었다. pH가 감소할수록 Pb는 흡착량이 현저히 감소하였다. 또한 Pb 흡착시에 Ca 및 Mg가 500mg/L 존재하여도 Ca 및 Mg 등의 경금속은 전혀 흡착되지 않고 Pb만을 선택적으로 제거하는 것이 가능하였으나, 고농도로 존재하는 경금속들이 inhibotor 작용을 하여 Pb의 흡착량은 다소 감소하였다. Pb흡착 및 탈착 과정을 6회 반복한 결과, HCl 및 $HNO_3$ 이용한 경우에 흡착된 Pb의 회수 및 S. horneri의 재생에 있어 매우 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 1999년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.50-54
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 영상의 다양한 특징 정보 중에서 색상 특징과 모양 특징을 이용한 영상 검색 시스템을 제안한다. 색상 특징은 지역별 색상 분포 히스토그램을 추출하고, 각 지역의 히스토그램 중에 가장 큰 값을 가지는 4개의 값을 특징 정보로 이용한다. 모양 특징을 추출하기 위한 전처리 과정은 경계면 추출과정, 경계면에 대한 무게 중심 추출 과정, angular sampling 과정으로 구성되고, 무게 중심으로부터 경계면까지의 거리의 합, 표준 편차, 장축/단축 비율을 특징 정보로 이용한다. 각 질의 영상들의 특징 정보와 데이터베이스에 저장된 영상들의 특징 정보들 비교하여 유사도 순위에 따라 후보영상들이 검색된다. 200개의 폐곡선을 이루는 상표영상에 대한 검색 실험을 통하여 색상 정보와 모양 정보에 대한 정확도를 측정하였다. 실험 결과 평균 Recall/Precision이 0.72/0.83를 보임으로써 제안된 방법이 유용함을 보였다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.383-388
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• 2004

In order to elucidate the relationships between cadmium, copper, mercury, zinc levels and metallothionein in the liver and kidney cortex of Korean, the levels of Cd, Zn, Hg, Cu and metallothionein (MT) were determined in the kidney cortex and liver of 50 subjects deceased in the period of January-November, 2001 in the area of Seoul and Gyeonggi Province of Korea. The mean age of the population studied was 36.3+/-12.3 years. The tissues were digested with microwave digestion system and the elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. MT was determined by the Cd-hemoglobin affinity assay. The determined levels (mean+/-SD) were: 33.9+/-18.9 micrograms Cd/g wet weight; 47.5+/-12.6 micrograms Zn/g wet weight; 2.5+/-0.57 microgram Cu/g wet weight; 0.26+/-0.31 micrograms Hg/g wet weight, 4.0+/-3.1 mg MT/g wet weight in renal cortex and 2.5+/-1.9 micrograms Cd/g wet weight; 46.9+/-15.0 micrograms Zn/g wet weight; 6.2+/-2.5 micrograms Cu/g wet weight; 0.10+/-0.15 micrograms Hg/g wet weight, 0.92+/-0.57 mg MT/g wet weight in the liver. Positive relationships between Cd and MT, sum of four divalent metal and MT in the kidney cortex were observed. No other correlation was found between Cu and MT, Hg and MT, Zn and MT in either organs.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 CMOS 로직과 pass-transistor logic(PTL)의 장점만을 가진 새로운 복합모드로직(Compound Mode Logic)을 제안하였다. 제안된 로직은 VLSI설계에서 중요하게 부각되고 있는 저전력, 고속 동작이 가능하며 실제로 전가산기를 설계하여 측정 한 결과 복합모드 로직의 power-delay 곱은 일반적인 CMOS로직에 비해 약 22% 개선되었다 제안한 복합모드 로직을 이용하여 고성능 32×32-bit 곱셈기를 설계 제작하였다. 본 논문의 곱셈기는 개선된 사인선택(Sign Select) Booth 인코더, 4-2 및 9-2 압축기로 구성된 데이터 압축 블록, 그리고 carry 생성 블록을 분리한 64-bit 조건 합 가산기로 구성되어 있다. 0.6um 1-poly 3-metal CMOS 공정을 이용하여 제작된 32×32-bit 곱셈기는 28,732개의 트랜지스터와 1.59×l.68 ㎜2의 면적을 가졌다. 측정 결과 32×32-bit 곱셈기의 곱셈시간은 9.8㎱ 이었으며, 3.3V 전원 전압에서 186㎽의 전력 소모를 하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.3817-3824
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• 2013

Various separation modes in HPLC, such as anion exchange (AE), reversed-phase (RP), and affinity (AF) chromatography were examined for the separation of selenium species in human blood serum and urine. While RP- and AE-HPLC were mainly used for the separation of small molecular selenium species, double column AF-HPLC achieved the separation of selenoproteins in blood serum efficiently. Further, the effluent of AF-HPLC was enzymatically hydrolyzed and then analyzed with RP HPLC for selenoamino acid study. The versatility of the hybrid technique makes the in-depth study of selenium species possible. For quantification, post column isotope dilution (ID) with $^{78}Se$ spike was performed. ORC ICP/MS (octapole reaction cell inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry) was used with 4 mL $min^{-1}$ Hydrogen as reaction gas. In urine sample, inorganic selenium and SeCys were identified. In blood serum, selenoproteins GPx, SelP and SeAlb were detected and quantified. The concentration for GPx, SelP and SeAlb was $22.8{\pm}3.4\;ng\;g^{-1}$, $45.2{\pm}1.7\;ng\;g^{-1}$, and $16.1{\pm}2.2\;ng\;g^{-1}$, respectively when $^{80}Se/^{78}Se$ was used. The sum of these selenoproteins ($84.1{\pm}4.4\;ng\;g^{-1}$) agrees well with the total selenium concentration measured with the ID method of $87.0{\pm}3.0\;ng\;g^{-1}$. Enzymatic hydrolysis of each selenium proteins revealed that SeCys is the major amino acid for all three proteins and SeMet is contained in SeAlb only.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.387-395
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• 2011

Purpose: This study measured the burden of disease in Korea related to outdoor air pollution using disability-adjusted life year (DALY). Materials and Methods: As a risk factor of outdoor air pollution, particulate matter with a diameter less than 10 ${\mu}m$($PM_{10}$) was used. First, $PM_{10}$-related diseases and their relative risk (RR) were selected by means of a literature review. Second, population attributable fractions were computed by using formulae including RR and population exposure to $PM_{10}$. Third, DALYs of $PM_{10}$-related diseases in Korea were estimated. Finally, the attributable burden of disease due to $PM_{10}$ was measured as the sum of the products that multiplied the DALYs of $PM_{10}$-related diseases by their population attributable fractions. Results: The disease burden of PM10 was 6.9 DALY per 1,000 persons in 2007. The attributable burden of $PM_{10}$ was 2.68 for lung cancer, 2.41 for COPD, 0.62 for ischemic heart disease, 0.61 for pneumonia, 0.55 for asthma, and 0.03 for preterm. Conclusions: This study showed the environmental burden of disease of $PM_{10}$ and burden of $PM_{10}$-related disease through objective data. It also suggested that active efforts are needed to continuously measure and reduce the burden of environmental diseases in Korea.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.767-787
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• 2016

In this study, we analyzed on-site monitoring data for 15 tributaries in Geumho watersheds for 3 years (2011-2013) in order to sort out priorities on water quality characteristics and improvement. As a result of estimating contribution to contamination of the tributary rivers, Dalseocheon showed the highest load densities, despite the smallest watershed area, with 22.7% $BOD_5$, 30.7% $COD_{Mn}$, 31.3% TOC and 47.6% TP. After conducting PCA (principal component analysis) and FA (factor analysis) to analyze water quality characteristics of the tributary rivers, the first factor was classified as $COD_{Mn}$, TOC, EC, TP and $BOD_5$, the second factor as pH, Chl-a and DO, the third factor as water temperature and TN, and the fourth factor as SS and surface flow. In addition, arithmetical sum of each factor's scores based on grading criteria revealed that Dalseocheon and Namcheon were classified into Group A for their highest scores - 96 and 93, respectively -, and selected as rivers that require water environmental management measures the most. Also, water environmental contamination inspection showed that Palgeocheon had the most number of aquatic factors to be controlled: $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$, SS, TOC, T-P, Chl-a, etc.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of satisfaction in using rehabilitation exercise rooms in public health centers. A total of 100 subjects were participated in the study who were clients of rehabilitation exercise rooms in two public health centers in one city of Kyunggi Do, Korea. Data were collected from March 1 to 30, 2003 using questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS/PC computer program. The result are as follows : 1. The mean age of subjects was 62.6 years old, and men constituted $67.0\%$ of the participants. Most participants $(64\%)$ were in the middle socioeconomic status, and $(65\%)$ of subjects was diagnosed as stroke. 2. Regarding the source of information about rehabilitation exercise room in public health center, $56.0\%$ obtain information from colleagues or neighbors, and for most participants the time required to travel to rehabilitation exercise room was less than 30min on foot. Among rehabilitation services, Taping therapy $(53.0\%)$ was most frequently used among participants, 3. Sum of all satisfaction score was $71.10(\pm6.60,\;range:\;1-90)$ showed higher level of satisfaction. Cost, reliability, and kindness were main factors that affect the degree of satisfaction among participants. 4. Twenty-four percent of the respondents utilized clinic services in the health centers, and $27.4\%$ stoped rehabilitation services from hospitals and/or clinics due to high cost. 5. In the use of rehabilitation exercise room was positively correlated to age (r=.214, p<0.05) and disease duration(r=.241. p<0.05).

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2010

양자화된 채널 상태 정보를 이용하는 공간 분할 다중 접속 방식은 제한된 되먹임 정보로도 다중 송신의 이득을 가질 수 있다. 그러나 되먹임 정보의 양은 사용자에 따라 선형적으로 증가하기 때문에, 공간 분할 다중 접속 방식은 제한된 되먹임 방식을 사용하더라도 여전히 높은 신호처리 부담을 갖게 된다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 대상이 되는 사용자 수를 효과적으로 제어할 수 있는 새로운 되먹임 방식을 제안한다. 제안하는 방식에서는 성능 열화 없이 되먹임 정보량을 줄이기 위해 되먹임 요청 기준 조건을 제시하고 이에 미치지 못하는 열악한 통신 환경의 사용자들을 제한한다. 본 논문의 모의 실험에서는 제안하는 방식이 전송 효율 이득을 높일 뿐만 아니라 되먹임 정보를 합리적으로 감소시킬 수 있음을 보여준다.