• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quantity of debris which was extruded apically after canal instrumentation using different types of enlarging instrument in endodontic resin models. Five groups of 9 endodontic resin models were instrumented using each different technique : hand instrumentation without early coronal flaring. hand instrumentation after early coronal flaring. and three nickel-titanium engine-driven instrumentations (Hero 642, Protaper, $K^$). Debris extruded from apical foramen during instrumentation was collected on preweighed CBC bottle, desiccated and weighted using electronic balance. The results were analyzed using Kruskal-wallis test and Mann-Whitney U rank sum test at a significance level of 0.05. The results were as follows: 1. All of instrumentation techniques produced apically extruded debris. 2. Group without early coronal flaring extruded significant more debris than groups with early coronal flaring. 3. There was no significant difference among early coronal flaring groups. The early coronal flaring is very important to reduce the amount of debris extruded apically.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1151-1155
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• 2008

This study aimed to investigate the alterations in plasma antioxidant activity after the consumption of a single oral dose of curcumin, vitamin C, and E administered individually or in combination to (i) assess possible synergies or antagonism between the antioxidants and (ii) determine the optimal composition of the antioxidant mixture such that the duration of action is prolonged to beyond that of individual antioxidants. Each antioxidant was administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats, and blood samples were drawn at different time points up to 180 min to measure the plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Five antioxidant compositions (M1-M5) were evaluated to assess the possible synergies or antagonisms among them and to determine the optimal composition of the antioxidant mixture. Blood samples were collected up to 360 min post-consumption. A single oral dose of individual antioxidants significantly increased the TAC values; however, the time to reach the peak TAC value varied. Among the 5 antioxidant compositions, M2 exhibited the highest and most prolonged antioxidant effect in plasma; this was greater than the proportional sum of the effects of the individual antioxidants in the composition. This result indicates a synergistic interaction among antioxidants in the optimal composition M2.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.147-159
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was the evaluation of spectral transmission of the commercial three shade guides and the relationship of hue, value, and chroma according to the transmission rate. The spectral transmittance of three shade guides - Vita Lumin Shade Guide, Vintage and Unibond Shade Guide, and Vitapan 3D-Master Shade Guide - were measured. For direct transmission measurements, each shade tabs were placed at the entrance port of the 1mm diameter intergrating sphere. The intensity of the light source passing through the shade tabs to the right angle was continuously recorded for wavelength from 400 to 700 nm. A transmission spectrum and digital data were obtained for each measurement and they were evaluated using Microcal Origin program. The obtained results of this study were as follows : 1. In Vita Lumin Shade Guide, sum of the transmission rate of the shade tabs at the wavelength 400-700nm was decreased in agreement with the arrangement order at each A, B, C, D group, except D4 shade tab. However, there were no relationships between the transmission rate of the shade tabs and the value-oriented. 2. In Vintage and Unibond Shade Guide, sum of the total transmission rate of the shade tabs was decreased in agreement with the arrangement order at each A, B, C, B group. When all shade tabs arranged in value-oriented, transmission rate was accord with the order, except D4 shade tab. 3. When shade tabs of the Vitapan 3D-Master Shade Guide have the same value and hue, sum of their total transmission rate decreased in accordance with the chroma-oriented. When the shade tabs have the same value and chroma, there were no differences from the order of the transmission rate to the various hue type. However, in the 'R' tabs of reddish hue type, the transmission rate increased at the long wavelength range area. In conclusion, we need the quantitative analyzing instruments in transmission determination. Vitapan 3D-Master Shade Guide covers the tooth color space taking into account the parameters of the systematic value, chroma, hue oriented, and the transmission rate relatively accorded with that sequence.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권2A호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2010

이 논문에서는 다중 사용자 무선통신 환경에서 전송률-형평성 트레이드오프를 임의로 제어할 수 있는 계산이 효율적인 전송률-형평성 제어 스케줄링 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안되는 스케줄링 기준은 최대의 전송률 합을 추구하는 스케줄링 기준과 최대의 형평성을 추구하는 스케줄링 기준을 제어 인자에 따라 전송률과 형평성을 조정할 수 있도록 선형적으로 결합한다. 이때, 선형 결합을 통한 전송률-형평성 트레이드오프 제어를 위하여 스케줄링 기준의 단위와 최적화 방향을 일치시키는 것이 필요하다. 제안된 알고리즘은 이러한 조건들을 만족시키기 위하여 순시 전송률과 평균 제공 전송률을 스케줄링 기준으로 결정하고, 이들을 제어 인자를 사용하여 최적화 방향이 일치하도록 선형적으로 결합하여 제어 인자 값에 따라 다양한 전송률형평성 성능을 제공할 수 있도록 한다. 추가적인 계산 간소화를 위하여 순시 전송률에 대한 높은 SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) 근사화 관계를 이용한다. 모의 실험을 통하여 독립적인 레일리 페이딩 다중 사용자 채널에서 제안된 스케줄링 알고리즘에 대하여 제어 인자 값에 따른 전송률과 형평성 성능을 분석하였고, 순시 전송률의 높은 SNR 근사화 관계를 이용한 성능 분석도 이루어졌다. 모의실험 결과, 제안된 스케줄링 알고리즘은 최대 전송률을 추구하는 스케줄링과 최대 형평성을 추구하는 스케줄링 사이에서 전송률-형평성 성능을 임의로 조절할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었고, 근사화 결과도 만족스러운 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.450-458
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• 2019

기포군이 파열하면서 발생하는 초음파를 관찰하기 위하여 수동 공동 영상법을 이용한다. 수동 공동 영상은 낮은 해상도와 큰 부엽이 문제이다. 수동 공동에서 발생하는 초음파 신호는 펄스 형태를 가지므로, 수신 어레이에 수신된 신호는 입사 방향에 따라서 트랜스듀서 배열 소자에 나타나는 신호의 크기 분포가 달라진다. 영상점에서 수신된 채널 데이터 신호의 크기 분포로부터 주엽과 부엽 신호의 유무를 판단하고 부엽을 줄이기 위하여 무게중심과 평탄도를 계산하여 영상점에서 가중값을 정의하였다. 무게중심은 수신 채널에서 신호의 분포가 집중된 위치를 수치화하며 평탄도는 채널 신호의 분산을 측정한다. 지연 후 더해주는 집속 방식과 최소 분산 빔포밍을 사용하여 구현된 수동 공동 영상에서 무게중심과 평탄도를 이용한 가중값을 적용하여 영상의 화질 개선에 적용하였다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션과 실험에서 지연 후 더해주는 방법과 최소 분산 빔포밍 방법에 가중값을 적용하여 영상에서 부엽이 줄어듦을 확인하였다. 고출력 초음파를 이용한 수조 실험에서도 부엽이 나타나는 영역이 줄어들어 수동 공동의 변별력이 증가함을 확인하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.50-60
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• 2022

The concentration levels and distribution characteristics of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated and evaluated for total 100 soil samples as a part of the survey on soil contamination in Gwangju. The results (median and range) of T-PAHs (sum of 16 PAH concentrations), C-PAHs (sum of carcinogenic PAH concentrations) and T-TEQs (sum of 16 TEQ concentrations) were 20.8 (7.6~1158.1), 2.2 (N.D~509.6), and 0.3 (N.D~424.6) ㎍/kg, respectively. There was a positive correlation between C-PAHs/T-PAHs and T-TEQs/T-PAHs except one point where the concentration of benzo(a)pyrene was high. The ratios of the C-PAHs/T-PAHs were 31.7% for low molecular weight-PAHs and 68.3% for high molecular weight-PAHs, suggesting that PAHs generation mainly arose from combustion sources. The ratio of isomers of individual PAHs, Phe/Ant, Flu/Pyr, Ant/(Ant+Phe), Flu/(Flu+Pyr), and BaA/(BaA+Chr), also confirmed the predominance of PAHs from combustion activities. Statistical tracing of the source of PAHs through principal component analysis indicated that the main sources of combustion were automobile fuel and coal. The overall results of this study suggested HMW-PAHs, T-PAHs, C-PAHs and T-TEQs should be separately evaluated to better assess the toxicity and environmental behavior of individual PAHs.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.269-276
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• 2011

This paper considers the rail crane scheduling problem with minimizing the sum of the range of order completion time and make-span of rail crane simultaneously. The range of order completion time implies the difference between the maximum of completion time and minimum of start time. Make-span refers to the time when all the tasks are completed. At a rail terminal, logistics companies wish to concentrate on their task of loading and unloading container on/from rail freight train at a time in order to increase the efficiency of their equipment such as reach stacker. In other words, they want to reduce the range of their order completion time. As a part of efforts to meet the needs, the crane schedule is rearranged based on worker's experience. We formulate the problem as a mixed integer program. To validate the effectiveness of the model, computational experiments were conducted using a set of data randomly generated.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.670-677
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• 2011

In this research, noise of the Korean high-speed train running at different speed from 150 to 300 km/h was measured by using microphones and the difference of sound pressure according to its driving velocities was analyzed. In addition, sound pressure characteristics of front, pantograph, bogies and between-car sections of the Korean high-speed trains were deduced by applying delay and sum beam-forming method using a microphone array. From the research, the effects of locations of the high-speed train were investigated. The results of this research can be utilized to reduce noise of a high-speed train.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2269-2275
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• 2011

This paper deals with the design of a microphone array to measure location and spectral characteristics of railway noise sources. A microphone array estimates the direction of a noise source assumed as a point source using the delayed-sum beamforming method and its performance is determined in terms of resolution and side-lobe level. A 48 channel microphone array was already developed to measure noise sources of KTX trains and a new array with 96 microphones has been designed to enhance the performance. This paper simulates the performance the microphone arrays according to the configuration of microphones and verifies it through on-site tests.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.603-610
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for identifying ${\omega}_j{\in}(0,\;{\infty}),\;a_j,b_j{\in}\mathbb{C}$ and N of the following trigonometric series $f(t)=a_0+ \sum\limits_{j=1}^N[a_jcos{\omega}_jt+b_j\;sin{\omega}_jt]$ by means of the finite number of sample values. We prove that the frequency components are shown to be the solutions of some characteristic equation related to the inverse of a Hankel matrix derived from the sample values.