• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1577-1581
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• 2010

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a hematopoietic cytokine that stimulates bone marrow cells to proliferate and differentiate into granulocytes. G-CSF is approved and used for therapeutic purposes. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) signal peptide of hG-CSF was replaced with silkworm-specific signal peptides to express and efficiently secrete recombinant hG-CSF by silkworm cells. Plasmids that contain cDNAs for hG-CSF and hG-CSF fused with silkworm- specific signal peptides of prophenoloxidase activating enzyme (PPAE), protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and bombyxin (BX) were constructed. The G-CSF protein was expressed in insect cell line BM5 and was detected by western blot analysis. The cells transfected with plasmids containing rhG-CSF genes with silkworm-specific signal sequences released mature rhG-CSF protein more efficiently than the cells transfected with pG-CSF, the plasmid containing human G-CSF gene, including its own signal sequence. The production of hG-CSF reached maximal level at four days post-transfection and remained at a high level until 7 days post-transfection. These data demonstrate that the modification of the human G-CSF mimic to insect proteins synthesized in ER greatly improves the production of the protein.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.777-783
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• 2014

Cathepsin D (CtsD), an aspartyl peptidase, is involved in apoptosis, resulting in the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria in cells. Here, we investigated microRNA regulation of CtsD expression in 3T3-L1 cells. First, we observed the expression of CtsD in cells in response to doxorubicin (Dox). As expected, the level of CtsD mRNA increased in 3T3-L1 cells exposed to Dox in a dose-dependent manner. The cellular viability of ectopically expressed CtsD cells was decreased. Next, we used the miRanda program to search for particular microRNA targeting CtsD. MiR-145 was selected as a putative controller of CtsD because it had a high mirSVR score. In a reporter assay, the luciferase activity of cells containing the CtsD 3'-UTR region decreased in cells transfected with a miR-145 mimic compared to that of a control. The level of CtsD expression was down-regulated in preadipocytes ectopically expressing miR-145 and up-regulated by an miR-145 inhibitor. Cells also suppressed miR-145 expression when exposed to Dox. The miR-145 inhibitor reduced the cellular viability of 3T3-L1 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that miR-145 regulates CtsD-mediated cell death in adipocytes. These findings may have valuable implications concerning the molecular mechanism of CtsD-mediated cell death in obesity, suggesting that CtsD could be a useful therapeutic tool for the prevention and treatment of obesity by regulating fat cell numbers.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.401-407
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• 2008

The most common type of orofacial pain is toothache. However, many other types of pain which derived from nonodontogenic problems can mimic toothache. Nonodontogenic toothache is heterotopic pain that the site of pain is not in the same location of the source of pain. This differs from primary pain, in which the site of pain is the actual site which the pain originates. Heterotopic pain can be alleviated by direct treatment toward the source of pain. The common sources of nonodontogenic toothache include neuropathic pain, sinus pain, Myofascial pain, neurovascular pain and even cardiac pain and psychogenic pain. Thus, clinicians should have a thorough knowledge about causes of nonodontogenic toothache, and through pain history and examination of dental and nondental structures are needed. This case report is about some cases of nonodontogenic toothache, and it also emphasizes essential considerations for proper differential diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.468-473
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• 2001

Castleman's disease or angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia, is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder. It may be appear as a local or generalized tumor-like condition, usually in chest or abdomen and may involve both lymph nodes and non-nodal tissues. Castleman's disease is an unusal entity which may at times mimic malignancy but is entirely benign in nature. It is topical as it has been noted to occur with AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma. Careful interpretation of radiogram may help to distinguish Castleman's disease from other tumor condition, such as lymphoma, neurogenic tumor, or even angiofibroma, etc. But exact diagnosis must be made on the basis of histologic confirmation. In addition to histologic features, clinical distinction between the localized and multicentric form is important in selecting appropriate management. Surgical excision of an localized mass is the first choice of treatment. Partial resection, radiotherapy or observation alone may avoid the need for exessively aggressive therapy. Patients with multicentric disease don't benefit by surgical management because of systemic manifestation and rapid deterioration. Thus, antineoplastic agents and steroids may offer an alternative form of therapy. We report a case of female patient with Castleman's disease in oral and maxillofacial region, treated by surgical excision with good results.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.1100-1106
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• 2008

In this study, we presented rapid and simple fabrication method of functionalized surface on various substrates as a universal platform for the selective immobilization of cells. The functionalized surface was achieved by using deposition of polyelectrolyte such as poly(allyamine hydrochloride) (PAH), poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDAC), poly(4-ammonium styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and fabrication of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microstructure through micro-molding in capillaries (MIMIC) technique on each glass, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS) and poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) substrate. The polyelectrolyte multilayer provides adhesion force via strong electrostatic attraction between cell and surface. On the other hand, PEG microstructures also lead to prevent non-specific binding of cells because of physical and biological barrier. The characteristic of each modified surface was examined by using static contact angle measurement. The modified surface onto several substrates provides appropriate environment for cellular adhesion, which is essential technology for cell patterning with high yield and viability in the micropatterning technology. The proposed method is reproducible, convenient and rapid. In addition, the fabrication process is environmentally friendly process due to the no use of harsh solvent. It can be applied to the fabrication of biological sensor, biomolecules patterning, microelectronics devices, screening system, and study of cell-surface interaction.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2013

Because forest fires are predicted to increase in severity and frequency under global climate change with important environmental implications, an understanding of fire dynamics is critical for mitigation of these negative effects. For the reason, researchers with different background, such as ecologists, physicists, and mathematical biologists, have developed the simulation models to mimic the forest fire spread patterns. In this study, we suggested a novel model considering the wind effect. Our theoretical forest was comprised of two different tree species with varying probabilities of transferring fire that were randomly distributed in space at densities ranging from 0.0 (low) to 1.0 (high). We then studied the distributional patterns of burnt trees using a two-dimensional stochastic cellular automata model with minimized local rules. We investigated the time, T, that the number of burnt trees reaches 25% of the whole trees for different values of the initial tree density, fire transition probability, and the degree of wind strength. Simulation results showed that the values of T decreased with the increase of tree density, and the wind effect decreased in the case of too high or low tree density. We believe that our model can be a useful tool to explore forest fire spreading patterns.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.718-727
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• 2020

The imbalance between the proliferation and apoptosis of B-cell precursors is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), while its specific regulatory mechanism remains perplexing. This study aimed to expound the underlying mechanism of the proliferation and apoptosis of BCP-ALL cells from the perspective of non-coding RNA. In this study, long non-coding RNA colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (LncRNA CRNDE) was upregulated in the bone marrow of BCP-ALL patients and BCP-ALL cell lines (NALM-6 and RS4;11). Functionally, LncRNA CRNDE knockdown restrained cell proliferation and boosted cell apoptosis in NALM-6 and RS4;11 cells. The subsequent investigation confirmed that LncRNA CRNDE bound to miR-345-5p and negatively regulated miR-345-5p expression. The overexpression of miR-345-5p suppressed cell proliferation and boosted cell apoptosis in NALM-6 and RS4;11 cells. Further experiments revealed that miR-345-5p downregulated cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) expression by targeting its mRNA directly. CREB overexpression reversed the effect of miR-345-5p mimic on cell proliferation and apoptosis in NALM-6 and RS4;11 cells. Finally, in vivo experiments showed that LncRNA CRNDE knockdown prolonged the survival of mice xenotransplanted with NALM-6 cells. In conclusion, LncRNA CRNDE upregulated CREB expression by suppressing miR-345-5p, thus promoting cell proliferation and reducing cell apoptosis in BCP-ALL.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.122-131
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• 2010

This paper introduces the concept of a virtual ecosystem and reports the following three mathematical approaches that could be widely used to construct such an ecosystem, along with examples: (1) a molecular dynamics simulation approach for animal flocking behavior, (2) a stochastic lattice model approach for termite colony behavior, and (3) a rule-based cellular automata approach for biofilm growth. The ecosystem considered in this study consists of artificial organisms and their environment. Each organism in the ecosystem is an agent that interacts autonomously with the dynamic environment, including the other organisms within it. The three types of model were successful to account for each corresponding ecosystem. In order to accurately mimic a natural ecosystem, a virtual ecosystem needs to take many ecological variables into account. However, doing so is likely to introduce excess complexity and nonlinearity in the analysis of the virtual ecosystem's dynamics. Nonetheless, the development of a virtual ecosystem is important, because it can provide possible explanations for various phenomena such as environmental disturbances and disasters, and can also give insights into ecological functions from an individual to a community level from a synthetic viewpoint. As an example of how lower and higher levels in an ecosystem can be connected, this paper also briefly discusses the application of the second model to the simulation of a termite ecosystem and the influence of climate change on the termite ecosystem.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.27-32
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• 2015

Recently, service-related products have gained more attention than general products on the existing social commerce sites. Based on the situation, the effect that the service quality of social commerce has on customer satisfaction was analyzed in this study. It is a study that analyzes how much the service quality affects the customer satisfaction after the purchase, targeting consumers who have made purchases of social commerce products. In the case of social commerce, it is well-known that the diversity and convenience of products have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Social commerce is currently being dumped beyond the 900 sites and dozens of cases of news, real-time searches of popular portal sites appeared not to be bored enough to related sites to drive the popularity coming quickly dug into our everyday lives of human beings. Yet the perception of social commerce seems not properly established because of the new concept was suddenly going to go through penetration without a collective interpretation and acceptance process. Most of the companies that often mimic the syoseol commerce is large, the blame did not depart from the forms of social shopping. We believe that personal and exhibit their skills and talents, and to wonder to see the social rather than the individuals who make unilateral companies.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.76-85
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• 1993

In order to predict the free surface signature of turbulent ship wakes two things are essential; a basic understanding of the mechanism of turbulent vortical flow/free surface interactions and a mathematical model to accurately predict the signature. The goal of the study described here is both to supplement experimental work to obtain basic understanding, as well as to condense this understanding in a model(or models) that captures the essential phenomena and thus allows predictions. To do so we followed two main paths guided by experimental observations. One is full simulations of the flow using the clavier-Stokes equations. The other is a vortex modeling, where the vortical structures of the flows are approximated by idealized structures, an the interaction assumed to be essentially inviscid. These approaches complement each other. Full simulations are only applicable to small scale phenomena, where the system is simple, and the Reynolds number is low. The vortex modeling, on the other hand, cannot represent essentially viscous aspects of the problem such as the effect of contamination gradient. Obviously, the modeling is what may eventually lead to a prediction method; the full simulations-too limited to mimic all but the simplest circumstances-are to aid and support the construction of realistic models. We address two-dimensional aspects of the vortex/free surface interaction first. Secondly we obtain some basic understanding of the interaction process through an experiment and then talk about several three-dimensional problems hoping to develop a successful prediction model.