• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.18-27
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• 1998

Biopulping is defined as the treatment of wood chips with lignin-degrading fungi prior to pulping. Fungal pretreatment prior to mechanical pulping reduces electrical energy requirements during refining or increases mill throughput, improves paper strength, reduces the pitch content, and reduces the environmental impact of pulping. Our recent work involved scaling up the biopulping process towards the industrial level, investigating both the engineering and economic feasibility. We envision the process to be done in either a chip-pile or silo-based system for which several factors need to be considered: the degree of decontamination, a hospitable environment for the fungus, and the overall process economics. Currently, treatment of the chips with low-pressure steam is sufficient for decontamination and a simple, forced ventilation system maintains the proper temperature, humidity, and moisture conditions, thus promoting uniform growth of the fungus. The pilot-scale trial resulted in the successful treatment of 4 tons of wood chips (dry weight basis) with results comparable to those on a laboratory. Larger, 40-ton trials were also successful, with energy savings and paper properties comparable with the laboratory scale. The overall economics of the process also look very favorable and can result in significant annual savings to the mill. Although the current research has focused on biopulping for mechanical pulping, it is also beneficial for sulfite chemical pulping and some applications to recycled fiber have been investigated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.9-18
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• 1994

Activated sludge pilot plant testing was conducted to determine the ability of a well-designed activated sludge treatment system to remove chromic toxicity from the bleached kraft pulp mill effluent. Removals of conventional(BOD and SS) and nonconventional(resin and fatty acids, color, AOX) pollutants were estimated. The pilot plant was operated at steady state for about 10 weeks at an F/M of 0.28 and a sludge age of 8.4 days. The average MLSS concentration was 4,309mg/l, of which volatile fraction was 57%. During the operation period, the BOD removal reaction rate(k) was determined to be 8.2/day at $30^{\circ}C$. The BOD removal was 84 percent, which was 3 to 6 percent lower than expected for full-scale treatment. The chronic toxicity of the activated sludge effluent was tested by employing both Dinnel and the BML protocols. It was found that the pilot plant could achieve in excess of 90 percent reduction in chronic echinoderm toxicity. The data show slight reduction of color and AOX across the activated sludge system. The pilot system, however, demonstrated on excellent removal of resin and fatty acids.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2009

Coastal village and Inland village was village in jeju. This study was cultural elements of stone to village in jeju. Memorial Stone and Stone Monument Street, Shrine, An altar of sarificial site for village tutelary spirits, Bangsatap(pagoda), 25 Bongsu(25 beacon fire stations) and 38 Yeondae(38 signaling sites), Hwanhaejangseong Fortress, Grave wall and Horse pasture walls were included in elements of history and culture to village in jeju. An altar of sarificial rite for village tutelary spirits was generally on the a hill near a village, built of Stone wall. Bangsatap(pagoda) was the kind and the size of stone to a location, that expresses the form and the scale. the form of grave wall was the oval or the rectangle, the latter was frequent. Thatched houses in jeju and facilities in a house, Stone wall, Tongsi(pigsty), Paeng namu and A heights of stone, Spring water and Water collected in a depression, Stone Weir, Horse mill and Dodaebul(Old Lighthouse) were included in elements of life and culture to village in jeju. Stone wall has the multiplicity of the size and the building method in the use, the function and the region. The form of Stone weir was the rectangular figure or the curvilinear figure, the section of that was the right triangle or the rectangular form.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.696-701
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• 2003

The grinding efficiencies of silica powder in a small scale stirred ball mill were investigated by energy consumption estimate. Comparing with a non-treated silica powder and a heating treated silica powder, it was found that a silica powder cooled in room temperature after heating treatment at 600∼900$^{\circ}C$ consumed lower grinding energy than non-treated silica powder, and a silica powder quenched after heating treatment consumed lower grinding energies about 52∼62%, in case of dry grinding. Additionally, if heating treated silica powder grind in wet method, energy consumption will be decreased about 40% than in dry grinding, and the dependency of the particle size to the grinding efficiency, quenching significantly improved it.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.127-133
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• 2015

Recent worldwide trends are to develop the environmental friendly chemicals and processes in order to reduce the global warming and climate change phenomena. One of similar efforts in paper industry is to substitute the petroleum-based SBR latex by starch-based biobinder. The disadvantage of biobinder found through laboratory scale study was the lower dry pick strength than SBR latex. The objective of this study is to confirm the substitutability of SBR latex with biobinder through mill trial. Although biobinder itself gave lower dry pick strength, it was found that the use of SBR latex and biobinder mixture (50:50) could improve the dry pick strength. The introduction of biobinder into coating binder system improved the opacity of coated paper. Optical properties (brightness and whiteness), ink trapping, print gloss and mottling level of paper coated with biobinder system were similar to those of SBR latex.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.16-27
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• 2000

In order to produce raw material powder of advanced magnetic material by spray roasting process, newly modified spray roasting system was developed in this work. In this spray roasting system, raw material solution was effectively atomized and sprayed into the reaction furnace. Also, uniform temperature distribution inside reaction furnace made thermal decomposition process fully completed, and produced powder was effectively collected in cyclone and bag filter. This system equipped with apparatus which can purify hazard produced gas. In this study complex acid solution was prepared by dissolution of mill scale and ferro-Mn into the acid solution, and the pH of this complex acid solution was controlled about to 4. It was conformed that mill scale and ferro-Mn containing a lot of impurities such as $SiO_2$, P and Al could be used as raw material by reducing the impurities content of complex acid solution below 20 ppm. Complex oxide powder of Fe-Mn system was produced by spraying purified complex acid solution into the spray roaster through nozzle, and the variations of produced powder characters were studied by changing he reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, the injection velocity of solution and air, nozzle tip size and concentration of solution. The morphology of produced powder had spherical shape under the most experimental conditions, and concentration of solution. The morphology of produced powder has spherical shape under the most experimental conditions, and the composition and the particle size distribution were almost uniform, which tells the excellence of this spray roasting system. The grain size of most produced powder was below 100 nm. From the above results, it will be possible to produce ultra fine oxide powder from the chloride of Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu and rare earth by using this spray roasting system, and also to produce ultra fine pure metal powder by changing reaction atmosphere.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.23-28
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• 2008

As well as crop cultivation, they could not avoid automatizing and using more environmental friendly process in cultivation of fruit. And also, the consumer ask more safe fruit which is produced with more clean method. This is why the usage of aid materials for fruit cultivation like as fruiting bags are increasing. Practical utilization of wax emulsion treated water repelling fruiting bags are developed continuously and it's properties is compared properties of nomal fruiting bags. The water repelling process was developed with wax emulsion coating. After the experiment of wax emulsion preparation from paraffin and DEA and/or OA in Lab. scale, the wax emulsion was manufactured on pilot scale. The wax emulsion coated paper was prepared in mill scale coater. The water repellency and properties of emulsion coated fruiting bags were evaluated and compared with that of current fruiting bags.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1125-1125
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• 2001

Micro-scale test methods are producing small-sample size where the conventional physical and chemical tests can not be used (high standard deviation, uncertain sampling conditions, low repeatability). Different small-scale test methods were developed recently for determination of physico-chemical, functional, rheological properties of wheat or wheat dough using miniaturized instruments with sophisticated sample preparation/handling and mechanics (RVA, 2 g mixograph, micro-Z-arm mixer, small-scale noodle maker, micro-baking method etc.). The small-scale methodologies can be used as basic research tools or as technology supported measurements and can be also essential in the early selection for quality traits in breeding programs. The milling as a sample preparation step is essential procedure providing good quality flour or semolina samples from small amount of grain (5-10 g) in a reproducible and reliable way. The aim of present study was to use NIR as quality control tool, and to evaluate the recently developed and manufactured micro-scale lab mill (FQC-2000) produced by Inter-Labor Co. Ltd., Hungary. The milling characteristics of the new instrument were compared to other laboratory mills and the effects of milling action on the chemical composition of fractions were analysed. The fractions were tested with both chemical and near infrared spectroscopic methods. The micro-scale milling resulted significantly different yields, particle size distributions and different fractions from compositional point of view. The near infrared spectra were sensitive enough to distinguish the fractions obtained by different milling procedures. Quantitative NIR calibration equations were developed and tested in order to measure the chemical composition of characteristic milling fractions. Special qualification procedure the PQS (Polar Qualification System) method was used for detecting the differences between fractions obtained by macro and micro-milling procedures. The results and the limitations of PQS method in this application will be discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.64-68
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• 1987

To develope the utilities of the chestnut bur, which is wasted after harvesting chestnut in farmhouses, the feasibilities of adhesion(urea resin) extenders of the powder for plywood were examined. These experiments were implemented on experimental scale at Forestry Research Institute(Seoul) and on a plywood mill scale at Eugon Industrial Co LTD(Inchon) for more reliable data. In this paper, it was proved that the chestnut bur powder caused to rise the glue viscosity but the chaff powder to down reversely. The most effective mixing ratio were wheat flour 5kg, chaff powder: 5kg and chestnut bur powder. 5kg per 100kg of urea resin. At this condition, the viscosity were most appropriate (1,320 2,230 cps) for glue spreading operations, and the dry shear strengthes were most adequate(10.7-13.2kg/$cm^2$), wood failure ratio 82-88%). The chestnut bur powder, can be utilized for plywood adhesion extenders without any change of present process lines in plywwod mills.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1363-1372
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• 1992

The effects on lubricity and the anti-seizure property of lubricant according to base oils and extreme pressure additives of sulfur type and phosphorous type in cold rolling were evaluated by a laboratory scale rolling mill, where the contact conditions between work roll and strip are very close to actual cold rolling mill. The important results were obtained as follows : (1) synthetic oil has better effect on lubricity than tallow, (2) lubricant with extreme pressure additives of sulfur type of phosphorous type has better effect than base oil noly, (3) the more amount of extreme pressure additives is, the better effect on lubricity is, (4) sulfur type has better effect on lubricity than phosphorous type and (6) phosphorous type has better effect on anti-seizure property than sulfur type.