• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.6 s.86
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• pp.836-840
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate mineral contents of commercial powdered infant formula for obtaining basic data on infant nutrition. 11 Commercial infant formula based on cow's milk were collected and the contents of macro minerals (calcium, phosphorous, sodium, potassium and magnesium) and trace minerals (iron, zinc and copper) were compared with Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs). The overall mineral contents in 100 g and in 100 kcal of infant formula satisfied the recommended formula regulation and Codex. In infant formula during 0-5 monthly age, calcium, phosphorous, sodium, potassium, magnesium, zinc and copper could supply 233.1%, 273.5%, 156.7%, 142.0%, 150.8%, 209.3%, 171.1% of recommended daily mineral intakes, respectively. The content of iron in 0-5 monthly age formula supplied2842.6% of recommended daily iron intakes. In infant formula during 6-11 monthly age, calcium, phosphorous, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper satisfied their recommended daily intakes. However, sodium only supplied 76.6% of its recommended daily intake. Intake ratio between Ca/P, Ca/Mg, Ca/Fe, Na/K and Zn/cu in infant formula during 0-5 monthly age were 1.7±0.2, 11.0±2.4,64.9±10.0, 0.3±0.1, and 9.6±1.0, respectively. Intake ratio between Ca/P, Ca/Mg, Ca/Fe, Na/K and Zn/cu in infant formula during 6-11 monthly age were 1.7${\pm}$0.2, 12.9${\pm}$1.5, 80.1${\pm}$13.8, 0.3, and 9.4${\pm}$1.1,respectively. From this study, evaluation of mineral contents of commercial infant formula was established, which could strengthen the basic information on infant nutrition.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1689-1694
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate both fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamin contents of commercial powdered infant formula for obtaining basic data on infant nutrition. Ten commercial infant formula based on cow's milk were collected and the contents of fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A, D, E, K) and water-soluble vitamins (vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, $B_6$, folate, $B_{12}$, pantothenic acid, biotin) were compared with Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs). The overall vitamin contents in 100 g and in 100 kcal of infant formula satisfied the recommended formula regulation (KDRIs) and Codex. In infant formula during 0-5 monthly age, fat-soluble vitamin A, D, E, K could supply 178.6%, 205.3%, 208.4%, 976.3% of adequate daily vitamin intakes, respectively. Water soluble vitamins, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, $B_6$, folate, $B_{12}$, pantothenic acid, biotin could supply 173.2%, 237.2%, 269.8%, 295.9%, 431.6%, 165.8%, 1186.3%, 203.8%, 408.3% of adequate daily vitamin intakes, respectively. In infant formula during 6-11 monthly age, all vitamins satisfied their adequate daily intakes as well. Vitamin A, D, E, K supplied 199.2%, 262.3%, 220.5%, 626.46% of adequate daily vitamin intakes. Vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, $B_6$, folate, $B_{12}$, pantothenic acid, biotin could supply 179.5%, 210.2%, 264.7%, 241.5%, 206.0%, 166.9%, 699.5%, 247.0%, 475.0% of adequate intake of KDRIs. From this study, evaluation of vitamin contents of commercial infant formula was established, which could strengthen the basic information on infant nutrition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.926-934
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• 2006

The base for preparing oyster hydrolysate-added yogurt was consisted of whole milk (1,000 mL), skim milk (44.05 to 42.05 g), enzymatic oyster hydrolysates powder (OHP, 0 to 2.0 g) and pectin. The yogurt base was fermented with 7 kinds of starter cultures (3% based on yogurt volume), such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus bulgaricus, lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus pentosus, Streptcoccus thermophilus and the mixed starters (L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus) at optimal temperature. Processing condition and quality characteristics of the yogurt were evaluated by analyzing pH, titratable acidity, viscosity, viable cell count, functional properties and sensory evaluation. The results suggested that the optimal conditions for preparing the good quality yogurt revealed the mixed starters (L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus) for starter culture, 1.0 g of 3 kDa hydrolysate for amount, and 5.5 hrs for fermentation time. The good quality yogurt showed 4.31 for pH, 1.07% for titratable acidity, 469 cps for viscosity and $4.9{\times}10^8\;CFU/mL$ for viable cell count. The hydrolysate-added yogurt was 2 times higher in ACE inhibitory and antioxidant activities than commercial yogurt, and kept good quality during storage of 15 days at $5^{\circ}C$.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.715-728
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• 2023

Tracksite of pterosaurs, birds, and dinosaurs in Chungmugong-dong in Jinju was designated as a natural monument in 2011 and is known as the world's largest in terms of the number and density of pterosaur footprints. This site has been managed by installing protection buildings to conserve in 2018. About 17% of the footprints of pterosaur, theropod, and ornithopod in this site under management in the 2nd protection building are of great academic value, but observation of footprints has difficulties due to continuous physical and chemical damage. In particular, the accumulation of milk-white contaminants is formed by the gypsum and air pollutant complex. Gypsum remains evaporated with a plate or columnar shape in the process of water circulation around the 2nd protection building, and the dust is from through the inflow of the gallery windows. The aqueous solution of gypsum, consisting of calcium from the lower bed and sulfur from grass growth, is catchmented into the groundwater from the area behind the protection building. Pollen and a few minerals other constituents of contaminants, go through the gallery window, which makes it difficult to expel dust. To conserve the fossil-bearing beds from two contaminants of different origins, controlling the water and atmospheric circulation of the 2nd protection building and removing the contaminants continuously is necessary. When cleaning contaminants, the steam cleaning method is sufficiently effective for powder-shaped milk-white contaminants. The fossil-bearing bed consists of dark gray shale with high laser absorption power; the laser cleaning method accompanies physical loss to fossils and sedimentary structures; therefore, avoiding it as much as possible is desirable.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.205-210
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• 1983

To investigate the characteristics of amino acid fortified tofu manufactured by coprecipition of cheese whey and soybean proteins, experimental tofus were made from various mixtures of whey, whey powder, and soy milk, and general and amino acid compositions and physical properties were analyzed. Physical characteristics such as elasticity, hardness, and brittleness of the whey-soybean tofu were very similar to those of traditional tofu but color of the whey-soybean tofu was lighter than that of soybean tofu. The contents of total solids and protein of traditional tofu were about 19% and 13%, respectively, while those of the whey-soy bean tofus were 17.3%$\sim$18.1% and 10.9$\sim$11.3%, respectively. The 5$\sim$15% of lactose in whey-soymilk mixture was transferred into the tofus. The Content of sulfur-bearing amino acids in the fortified tofu from 3 : 1 mixture of whey and soymilk was 3.8g/100g protein which indicated about 50% fortification of the amino acids as compared to the traditional tofu which contained 2. 54g/100g protein of the sulfur-bearing amino acids.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 1970

This study was conducted to find out the evidence of a sex attraction in the fall webworm moths, Hyphantria cunea D., in the fold conditions. The study dealt with the sex attraction between the sexes, selection of effective trap type, effect of moth age on the sex attractiveness, sex attractiveness after copulation, and the time of the sex attraction in the day, The trap was baited with a living moth in the cylindrical screened case 4cm. in long and 2.7cm in diameter. The traps were attached on the tree in a horizontal position at the height of about 3m. on the ground. A sex pheromone was evident in the female moth which attracted the male to the lure, and the modified sticky trap was most effective in this experiment. The trap consisted of a cylindrical powder milk can 11.5cm. in long and 10cm. in diameter with the entry hole 4.8cm, in diameter at both ends of the can, and the inside of can was lined with paper coated with acri-soil(sodium poliacrilate) to catch them. Males were mostly attracted to females during their first 2 days of life, and its attractiveness decreased with moth age, No males were attracted to females more than five days old, and no females lived for more than six days. After copulation, sexual attractiveness was decreased swiftly, Sexual attractiveness was found to be greatest between 4 and 6 A.M. Living females can be used as effective baits for luring the males to the fold trapt.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.721-726
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• 2013

In this study, a yogurt containing skim milk powder and whole barley flour was fermented with lactic acid bacteria, and its quality and properties were estimated. The yogurts with 1% and 3% barley flour had lower pH values, higher titratable acidity, and higher Brix values than the control. In addition, the viable cell counts were lower and viscosity was higher. The value of L was low, and the values of a and b were high. The yogurt with 3% barley flour had more lactic acid than the control and showed a substantial increase in the amount of acetic acid. ${\beta}$-Glucan content and antioxidant activity increased with the amount of barley flour added. In sensory evaluation, there was a similar preference for the yogurt with 3% barley flour and the control, and as the barley flour content increased, the preference decreased. Moreover, the preference for the yogurt was higher among old people.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2015

We investigated the anti-obesity effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus C isolated from kimchi and red ginseng and black raspberry mixture fermented by this strain. Experimental samples were prepared with 10% skim milk, 1% red ginseng extract and 1% immature black raspberry powder and without red ginseng extract and black raspberry fermented by this strain at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hour. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (a normal diet group (N), a high-fat diet group (HF), a high fat diet with L. acidophilus C (C), and a high fat diet with fermented mixture (CEx)) and were orally administered daily for 6 weeks at concentration of 2,000 mg/kg body weight. The results showed that weight gain, weight of periepididymal fat and perirenal fat, adipocyte size, lipid accumulation in liver, serum glucose concentration, serum GOT and GPT concentration and serum leptin were decreased and concentration of HDL-cholesterol and serum adiponectin were increased compared to HF group. These results suggest that fermented mixture (CEx) might be helpful in improvement of high-fat diet-induced obesity than only L. acidophilus C intake.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.281-288
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• 2010

Total aflatoxin ($B_1+B_2+G_1+G_2$) maximum levels of 15 ${\mu}g/kg$ ($B_1=10\;{\mu}g/kg$) were set for grain, beans, peanut, nuts & their processed food (grinding, cutting etc.), processed cereal product & processed bean product, confectionaries (peanut or nut-containing food), soybean paste, red pepper paste, dried red pepper, processed com products for popcorn and steamed rice. The maximum levels for aflatoxin $M_1$ are 0.5 ${\mu}g/kg$ for raw milk and milks before manufacturing processing. The patulin maximum level is 50 ${\mu}g/kg$ in apple juice and apple juice concentrate (including concentrate to use as raw material and converted by concentration multiple). The ochratoxin A is managed at the maximum levels of 5 ${\mu}g/kg$ in wheat, barley, rye, coffee beans and roasted coffee, 10 ${\mu}g/kg$ in instant coffee and raisin, 2 ${\mu}g/kg$ in Grape juice, concentrated grape juice as reconstituted and wine. The fumonisins ($B_1+B_2$) maximum levels are 4000 ${\mu}g/kg$ in com, 2000 ${\mu}g/kg$ in com processed food (grinding, cutting etc.) and com powder, 1000 ${\mu}g/kg$ in processed com products. Standards for mycotoxins in food have been established and the mycotoxin risk in food is managed reasonably and scientifically, based on risk assessment and exposure analysis.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2016

The study was performed to investigate the effects of whey protein-rich meal substitute added with vitamins, minerals, and lactobacillus powder probiotics on weight loss, body fat, and body composition in 24 female volunteers for 4 weeks. Whey protein-rich meal substitute was consumed with low-fat, high calcium milk (1% fat, 260 mg/200 mL) twice a day. Subjects submitted 3-day diet records and a life-style questionnaire before the study. During the study, subjects were required to turn in a diet record every day and consume the meal substitute formula in the metabolic ward at C university for 4 weeks. Anthropometric measurements were carried out weekly by Inbody 7.0. The dietary intake and anthropometric data were analyzed to compare changes before and after the study by paired t-test with SPSS version 23.0. The subjects were mostly early 20's and either overweight or obese and highly motivated to lose weight. Most of the subjects consumed three meals per day regularly and spent mostly 10~15 minutes for a meal. Their caloric intake was relatively low and decreased from 1,360 kcal at week 0 to 1,100 kcal after 4 weeks. However, total protein intake increased while carbohydrate and fat intakes decreased (p<0.05) after the trial. Nine vitamin intakes after the study improved compared to those before the study (p<0.05). After the study, subjects showed lower body weight (-1.8 kg), body fat (-0.94 kg), percent body fat (-0.86%), as well as waist circumference (-4.52 cm), hip circumference (-0.44 cm), waist hip ratio (-0.05), and triceps skinfold thickness (-2.39 mm) compared to those at week 0 (p<0.05). Muscle mass tended to be less compared to week 0, although there was no significant differences between weeks 0 and 4. In conclusion, diet trial with whey protein-rich meal substitute induced weight loss and positively changed body fat parameters and body composition.