• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.128-134
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• 1993

Work roll wear in the cold rolling of mild steel strip is strongly affected by rolling materials, rolling conditions and lubrication. The tests were performed to find the effects of rolling materials under the same lubrication conditions. The obtained results are as follfws; 1) The decrease in surface roughness of work roll is more rapid in that case of continuously cast A1-killed steel strip than ingot cast steel strip. In rolling of continuously cast A1-killed steel strip, worn powder rich in A1$\_$2/O$\_$3/sticks to the work roll surface, and so it makes the mirror surface of work roll accelerate. 2) Amount of work roll wear is small in rolling of continuously cast A1-killed strip. 3) In rolling of continously cast A1-killed steel strip, it is necessary to put up the intial surface roughness of work roll in order to prevent work roll slip.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.28-36
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• 2007

A bulk amorphous NiTiZrSiSn powder produced using an inert gas atomization was sprayed by kinetic spraying process that is basically a solid-state deposition process onto a mild steel substrate. They were successfully overlaid onto the mild steel substrate. In order to evaluate the tribological behavior of the kinetic sprayed NiTiZrSiSn BMG (Bulk Metallic Glass) coatings, a partially crystallized coating and a fully crystallized coating were prepared by the isothermal heat treatments. Tribological behaviors were investigated in view of friction coefficient, hardness and amorphous phase fraction of coating layer. Surface morphologies and depth in the wear tracks were observed and measured by scanning electron microscope and alpha-step. From the examination of the scratch wear track microstructure, transition from the ductile like deformation (micro cutting) to the brittle deformation (micro fracturing) in the scratch groove was observed with the increase of the crystallinity.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.124-132
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• 2020

The effect of the stoichiometry on the sliding wear properties of NiAl coatings has been investigated. Three different powder mixtures with the compositions of Ni-50at%Al, Ni-54at%Al and Ni-42at%Al were diepressed respectively, and which were subsequently coated on mild steel through combustion synthesis in an induction heating system. Sliding wear behavior of the coatings was examined against an alloyed tool steel using a pin-on-disc type sliding wear test machine. As results, it could be seen that powder mixture(Ni-54at%Al) with displaying Al-rich deviations from the stoichiometry of NiAl(Ni-50at%Al) was promoted the most the synthetic reactivity. The microstructure of the coating layer with the compositions of Ni-54at%Al exhibits the porous NiAl single phase structure. However, the microstructure of the coating layer of the compositions of Ni-42at%Al exhibits the denser multi-phase structure containing several intermediate phases in addition to NiAl. Densification of the coating layer was enhanced by increasing the reacting temperature. On the other hand, the wear properties of the coating layers showed that the wear mode at speeds of around 1 m/s was severe wear, regardless of the stoichiometry and reacting temperature. However, wear properties of coating layer with the compositions of Ni-42at%Al were superior to those of coating layer with the compositions of Ni-54at%Al. This would be attributed by the fact that coating layer with the compositions of Ni-42at%Al develops little void and much intermediate phases with high strength.

• Composites Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.75-84
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the wear properties of Saffil/Al, Saffil/A12O3/Al and Saffil/SiC/Al hybrid metal matrix composites fabricated by squeeze casting method. Wear tests were done on a pin-on-disk friction and wear tester under both dry and lubricated conditions. The wear properties of the three composites were evaluated in many respects. The effects of Saffil fibers, $\textrm{Al}_2\textrm{O}_3$ particles and SiC particles on the wear behavior of the composites were investigated. Wear mechanisms were analyzed by observing the worn surfaces of the composites. The variation of coefficient of friction(COF) during the wear process was recorded by using a computer. Under dry sliding condition, Saffil/SiC/Al showed the best wear resistance under high temperature and high load, while the wear resistances of Saffil/Al and Saffi1/$\textrm{Al}_2\textrm{O}_3$/Al were very similar. Under dry sliding condition, the dominant wear mechanism was abrasive wear under mild load and room temperature, and the dominant wear mechanism changed to adhesive wear as load or temperature increased. Molten wear occurred at high temperature. Compared with the dry sliding condition, all three composites showed excellent wear resistance when lubricated by liquid paraffin. Under lubricated condition, Saffil/Al showed the best wear resistance among them, and its COF value was the smallest. The dominant wear mechanism of the composites under lubricated condition was microploughing, but microcracking also occurred to them to different extents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.74-80
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• 1999

Work roll wear in the cold rolling of mild steel strip is strongly affected by rolling materials, rolling conditions such as roll arrangement in the cold rolling mill and lubrication. The tests were performed to find the effects of roll arrangement n the cold rolling mill on the work roll wear under the same lubricating conditions. The obtained results are as follows:If the distance of cold rolling is about 60km, the surface roughness of its was reduced by half(Ra 0.49${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) and Pc(peak count) also was decreased to 60 ea/cm.It is easier for CC(Continuous casting) to make a slip on rolling than IC(Ingot casting). It is due to surface mirror in which first residual product appears and iron powder included Al2O3 is sticked. Because bending degree of 4Hi-rolling mill is higher than 6Hi-rolling mill, the first surface mirror was occurred to its center-point which is loaded strongly. 6Hi-rolling mill shape-controlled by intermediate roll doesn't need the initial crown to work roll. Therefore, fatigue and wear would appear a little bit.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1989.11a
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• pp.73-77
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• 1989

Ashby등에 의해 비윤활상태에서의 steel의 마모기구도(wear mechanism map)가 작성 발표된바 있다. 이 마모기구도는 지금까지 발표된 steel의 마모연구의 결과를 모아서 seizure, melt dominiated 마모, 산화지배 마모, 소성지배 마모등의 기구가 지배되는 영역을 표준화된 압력과 속도의 변화에 따라 표시한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 베아링강을 모델제료로 하여 마모 diagram을 작성하여 속도와 하중 변화에 따른 mild wear에서 severe wear로의 천이를 관찰하고 각 영역에서의 마모기구에 대해 논하고자 한다. 이 연구에서는 윤활유의 영향을 배제하고 steel ring과 steel pin간의 비윤활 상태에서 마모시험이 행하여졌다. 본 실험에서는 다목적 마모시험을 사용하여 시간에 따라 접촉면적의 형상이 비교적 변하지 않는 pin on ring형태의 시편을 사용하였다. 9.8 N 으로 부터 98 N까지의 하중이, 0.012 m/sec에서 0.012 m/sec까지의 미끄럼 속도에서 마모실험을 행하였다. 각 조합에 따른 조건에서의 마모된 양은 시편의 변이를 측정하여 마모부피를 추정계산하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.72-77
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• 2007

This study deals with characterizations of microstructure and wear performance of a cladding layer, product on 1.9 mm-thick mild steel plate by the electric resistance welding, of composite metal powder of Coarse WC-6.5%Co and high carbon alloy (SHA). The cladding layer was examined and tested for microstructural features, chemical composition, hardness, and bondability. The cladding layer have two different matrix were observed by an optical microscope and EPMA. The one was the coarse WC-6.5Co structure. The other was the melted SHA with surrounding the WC-6.5Co structure. The hardness of WC-6.5Co was 1210HV. The hardness of SHA was 640HV.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 1994

The plasma spray process was used to deposit coatings of $ZrO_2$-8wt%Y2O3 powders on mild steel sub-strate, and the characteristics of as-deposited and heat treated coatings have been investigated. Particulary, the variations of porosity, wear resistance, thermal barrier and thermal shock resistance in $ZrO_2$-8wt% $Y_2O_3$coatings after heat treatment under vacuum circumstance have been investigated. The porosity of the coating layer was increased with increased spray distance. In the case of the arc current of 450A and at the spray distance of 50mm, it was obtained the lowest amount of porosity. After heat treatment, the amount of porosity was found to be decreased, and the wear resistance, microhardness and thermal shock resistance were im-proved. However, the thermal barrier was decreased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.153-153
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• 2016

Polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM-C) is an attractive and widely used engineering thermoplastic across many industrial sectors owing to outstanding physical, mechanical, self-lubricating and chemical properties. In this research work, the POM-C blocks were irradiated with 1 MeV electron beam energy in five doses (100, 200, 300, 500 and 700 KGy) in vacuum condition at room temperature. The tribological and physico-chemical properties of electron beam irradiated POM-C blocks have been analyzed using Pin on disk tribometer, Raman spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, Optical microscopy, 3D Nano surface profiler system and Contact angle analyzer. Electron beam irradiation at a dose of 100 kGy resulted in a decrease of the friction coefficient and wear loss of POM-C block due to well suited cross-linking, carbonization, free radicals formation and energetic electrons-atoms collisions (physical interaction). It also shows lowest surface roughness and highest water contact angle among all unirradiated and irradiated POM-C blocks. The irradiation doses at 200, 300, 500 and 700 kGy resulted in increase of the friction coefficient as compared to unirradiated POM-C block due to severe chain scission, chemical and physical structural degradation. The electron beam irradiation transferred the wear of unirradiated POM-C block from the abrasive wear, adhesive wear and scraping to mild scraping for the 1 MeV, 100 kGy irradiated POM-C block which is concluded from SEM-EDS and Optical microscopic observations. The degree of improvement for tribological attribute relies on the electron beam irradiation condition (energy and dose rate).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.1019-1025
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• 2022

In recent years, the number of foot disease patients due to bad walking habits and living environment is increasing. We examine how patients with mild foot disease according to shoe design characteristics affect satisfaction and purchase intention when purchasing orthopedic shoes. The design characteristics of shoes consisted of functionality, convenience, and aesthetics. It was found that aesthetics had an effect on purchasing orthopedic shoes. Even if the factors of functionality and convenience have little effect, if the aesthetic is high, purchase intention and satisfaction are affected. Various elements are required for design according to the frequency of participation in social activities for each mild foot disease and the purpose of wearing it. It is expected that the development of useful orthopedic shoe designs that patients with mild foot disease can wear in their daily life will lead to practical application and satisfaction by further supplementing the characteristic factors of orthopedic shoe design identified through the research results.