• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.979-984
• /
• 2001

The Sang-Jin bridge constructed by the Free Cantilever Method in 1985 is 4-span concrete rahmen bridge with a hinge at midspan. Due to the effect of creep, shrinkage of concrete and relaxation of tendon, the Sang-Jin bridge exposed the excessive displacement at midspan with the passage of time. In order to improve the load-carrying-capacity and durability of the bridge, needs to repair and rehabilitate the structure emerged. New rehabilitation methods were applied such as external prestressing of concrete box, application of pier pre-camber and steel truss jacking. Structural analysis and several tests including static load test, dynamic load test and ambient vibration test were executed to verify the improvement. The test result showed that the displacement of the midspan was improved by 10mm and it was verified that the stiffness of the bridge was increased. Totally, the load-carrying-capacity of Sang-Jin bridge was increased at least 1.56times which was attributed to the new rehabilitation method.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.567-575
• /
• 2019

In order to investigate the dynamic impact resistance of steel fiber reinforced full light-weight concretes, we implemented drop weight impact test on a total of 6 reinforced beams with 0, 1 and 2%, steel fiber volume fraction. The purpose of this test was to determine the failure modes of beams under different impact energies. Then, we compared and analyzed the time-history curves of impact force, midspan displacement and reinforcement strain. The obtained results indicated that the deformations of samples and their steel fibers were proportional to impact energy, impact force, and impact time. Within reasonable ranges of parameter values, the effects of impact size and impact time were similar for all volumetric contents of steel fibers, but they significantly affected the crack propagation mechanism and damage characteristics of samples. Increase of the volumetric contents of steel fibers not only effectively reduced the midspan displacement and reinforcement strain of concrete samples, but also inhibited crack initiation and propagation such that cracks were concentrated in the midspan areas of beams and the frequency of cracks at supports was reduced. As a result, the tensile strength and impact resistance of full light-weight concrete beams were significantly improved.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.409-425
• /
• 2024

This paper utilizes LS-DYNA software to numerically investigate impact response and damage evaluation of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars-reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) composite beams (FRP-UHPC beams). Three-dimensional finite element (FE) models are established and calibrated by using literature-based static and impact tests, demonstrating high accuracy in simulating FRP-UHPC beams under impact loading. Parametric analyses explore the effects of impact mass, impactor height, FRP bar type and diameter, and clear span length on dynamic response and damage modes. Two failure modes emerge: tensile failure with bottom longitudinal reinforcement fracture and compression failure with local concrete compression near the impact region. Impact mass or height variation under the same impact energy significantly affects the first peak impact force, but minimally influences peak midspan displacement with a difference of no more than 5% and damage patterns. Increasing static flexural load-carrying capacity enhances FRP-UHPC beam impact resistance, reducing displacement deformation by up to 30%. Despite similar static load-carrying capacities, different FRP bars result in varied impact resistance. The paper proposes a damage assessment index based on impact energy, static load-carrying capacity, and clear span length, correlating well with beam end rotation. Their linearly-fitting coefficient was 1.285, 1.512, and 1.709 for the cases with CFRP, GFRP, and BFRP bars, respectively. This index establishes a foundation for an impact-resistant design method, including a simplified formula for peak midspan displacement assessment.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제3권5호
• /
• pp.321-331
• /
• 2003

The paper presents the results of an experimental investigation conducted on welded tubular joints, that are employed in offshore platforms, to study the behaviour and strength of these joints under axial brace compression loading. The geometrical configuration of the joints tested were T and Y. The nominal diameter of the chord and brace members of the joint were 324 and 219 mm respectively. The chord thickness was 12 mm and the brace 8 mm. The tested joints are approximately quarter size when compared to the largest joints in the platforms built in a shallow water depth of 80 m in the Bombay High field. Some of the joints were actually fabricated by a leading offshore agency which firm is directly involved in the fabrication of prototype structures. Strength of the internally ring-stiffened joints was found to be almost twice that of the unstiffened joints of the same configuration and dimensions. Bending of the chord as a whole was observed to be the predominant mode of deformation of the internally ring-stiffened joints in contrast to ovaling and punching shear of the unstiffened joints. It was observed in this investigation that unstiffened joint was stiffer in ovaling mode than in bending and that midspan deflection of unstiffened joint was insignificant when compared to that of the internally ring stiffened joint. The measured midspan deflection of the unstiffened joint in this investigation and its relation with the applied axial load compares very well with that predicted for the brace axial displacement by energy method published in the literature. A comparison of the measured deflection and ovaling of the unstiffened joint was made with that published by the author elsewhere in which numerical prediction of both quantities have been made using ANSYS software package. The agreement was found to be quite good.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제61권4호
• /
• pp.453-461
• /
• 2017

This paper presents the series multiple tuned mass dampers (STMDs) to suppress the resonant vibrations of railway bridges under the passage of high-speed trains (HSTs). A STMD device consisting of two spring-mass-damper units connected each other in series is installed on the bridge. In solution, bridge is modeled as a simply-supported Euler-Bernoulli beam with constant cross-section, and vehicle is simulated as a series of moving forces with constant speed. By the assumed mode method, the governing equations of motion of the beam-TMD device coupled system traversed by a moving train are obtained. The optimum values for the parameters of the STMD device are obtained for the criterion based on the minimization of the maximum dynamic displacement of the beam at its midspan. Single TMD and multiple TMDs in parallel are also considered for demonstration of the STMD device's performance. The results show that STMDs are effective in bridge vibration suppression and robust to parameters' change in the main system and the absorber itself.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.631-643
• /
• 2010

A numerical procedure for the geometrical and material nonlinear analysis of concrete beams prestressed with external tendons is described, where the effects of external prestressing are treated as the equivalent loads applied on the concrete beams. The geometrical nonlinearity is considered not only the eccentricity variations of external tendons (second-order effects) but also the large displacement effects of the structure. The numerical method can predict the nonlinear response of externally prestressed concrete beams throughout the entire loading history with considerable accuracy. An evaluation of second-order effects of externally prestressed concrete beams is carried out using the proposed analysis. The analysis shows that the second-order effects have significant influence on the response characteristics of externally prestressed concrete beams. They lead to inferior ultimate load and strength capacities and a lower ultimate stress increase in tendons. Based on the current analysis, it is recommended that, for simply-supported externally prestressed beams with straight horizontal tendons, one deviator at midspan instead of two deviators at one-third span be furnished to minimize these effects.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 1988

본(本) 논문(論文)에서는, 국내(國內)에 가설(架設)되어 있는 30개(個) 교량(橋梁)들에 대한 정동적시험(靜動的試驗)으로부터 얻어진 동적특성(動的特性)에 관한 기본자료(基本資料)를 정리(整理)하여, 교량진동(橋梁振動)의 주(主)된 원인이 되는 사항에 대해 살펴보았다. 시험(試驗)은 교량(橋梁)의 중앙하부(中央下部)에 변위측정기(變位測定機)와 변형(變形)게이지를 설치(設置)한 뒤 단일만재차량(單一滿載車輛)을 주행(走行)시켜 실시(實施)하였으며, 이때 얻어지는 동적(動的)데이타는 강제진동(强制振動)과 자유진동(自由振動)으로 구분(區分)하여 시간영역해석(時間領域解析)을 통하여 분석(分析), 교량(橋梁)의 진동특성(振動特性)을 연구(硏究)하였다. 여기서 얻어진 자료(資料)는 국내(國內)에서 초보적 단계에 있는 도로교(道路橋)의 진동거동예측(振動擧動豫測)에 귀중한 자료(資料)를 제시할 것이다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.56-64
• /
• 2013

200m 이하의 아치 교량에서 동적 내풍 안정성은 일반적으로 일본의 Wind Resistant Design Manual for Highway Bridges에 따라 검토된다. 또한 내풍 안정성 검토는 모드 형상에 관계없이 1차 연직 진동수를 적용한다. 일본의 매뉴얼에 따라 설계된 경간장 183m의 닐슨 아치 교량에서 예상치 못한 와류 진동이 발생하였으며 이는 태풍시 교량의 모니터링 시스템에 의해 계측되었다. 본 논문에서는 태풍 발생시에 계측된 풍속, 풍향, 진동 변위와 가속도를 기반으로 닐슨 아치교량의 와류진동 특성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 1차 연직 진동 모드가 역대칭 형상이고 2차 연직 진동 모드가 대칭 형상인 닐슨 아치교의 경우 와류 진동이 2차 연직 모드에서 지배적이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 2차 연직 진동 모드가 대칭 형상인 닐슨 아치교의 내풍 안정성 평가시에는 1차 보다 2차 연직 진동 모드가 중요한 설계 요소임을 제시하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.53-64
• /
• 2018

Nondestructive testing methods are required to assess the condition of civil structures and formulate their maintenance programs. Axial force identification is required for several structural members of truss bridges, pipe racks, and space roof trusses. An accurate evaluation of in situ axial forces supports the safety assessment of the entire truss. A considerable redistribution of internal forces may indicate structural damage. In this paper, a novel compressive force identification method for prismatic members implemented using static deflections is applied to steel beams. The procedure uses the Euler-Bernoulli beam model and estimates the compressive load by using the measured displacement along the beam's length. Knowledge of flexural rigidity of the member under investigation is required. In this study, the deflected shape of a compressed steel beam is subjected to an additional vertical load that was short-term measured in several laboratory tests by using fiber Bragg grating-differential settlement measurement (FBG-DSM) sensors at specific cross sections along the beam's length. The accuracy of midspan deflections offered by the FBG-DSM sensors provided excellent force estimations. Compressive load detection accuracy can be improved if substantial second-order effects are induced in the tests. In conclusion, the proposed method can be successfully applied to steel beams with low slenderness under real conditions.