• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.64-79
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• 2016

본 연구는 종묘(宗廟)의 지당(池塘)을 대상으로 조선시대부터 근현대기까지 진행된 변천과정의 규명에 목적을 두고 있다. 이에 따른 연구결과는 다음과 같이 요약될 수 있다. 종묘 지당에 관한 최초의 기록은 "세종실록"에서 확인된다. 세종 25년(1443)에 조성 중이던 지당은 지금의 상지(上池)를 가리키며, "국조오례의" "종묘전도"에 따르면 중도(中島)가 없는 형태의 방지(方池)였다. 숙종대의 중지(中池)에는 쌍도(雙島)가 조성되어 있었고, 중도(中島) 내에는 단풍나무, 박달나무 등을 비롯한 여러 수목이 식재되어 있었다. 또한 중지 내에는 무성한 연꽃도 자라고 있었다. 특히 쌍도 형식이었던 중지의 중도는 이후 단도(單島) 형식으로 변화하였는데, 영조(英祖) 연간에 이루어진 지당의 확장공사와 관련되었을 가능성이 높다. 근현대기에 이르러 이원적(二元的) 배치의 하지(下池)가 조성되면서 종묘의 지당은 본격적인 변형국면에 접어들었다. 근대기의 항공사진에 의하면 하지는 적어도 1947년 이전에 조성되었는데, 1980년대 중반에 이르러 이원적 배치의 하지 가운데 우측 하지가 매립되면서 일원화된 형태의 하지가 나타나게 되었다. 한편 "종묘배치도"와 국가기록원 소장 사진첩에 의하면 상지와 중지의 호안(護岸)은 본래 토축(土築)으로 조성되었지만 이후의 어느 시점에 석축(石築)으로 개축되어 현재에 이르고 있다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.201-212
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• 2021

교과 내용 흥미도는 교육과정 개정 및 교과서 개발에 도움을 주는 방식으로 학생보다는 교사 측면에서 연구되어왔다. 본 연구에서는 중·고 전환기에 해당하는 고등학교 1학년 학생들에게 생활 연계 차원에서 매우 의미 있는 가정과 내용을 중심으로 중학교에서 배운 내용과 고등학교에서 배운 내용에 대한 학생들의 흥미도를 알아보기 위해 고등학교 1학년 학생 227명을 대상으로 중학교 가정과 내용 17문항, 고등학교 가정과 내용 10문항으로 구성된 흥미도 검사 도구를 활용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 이를 성별 및 성취 수준별로 흥미도 차이를 분석하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면 중·고 전환기인 고등학교 1학년 학생들의 경우 청소년 발달 등 자신에 관한 관심은 가족의 요구나 가정생활에 관한 관심에 비해 상대적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 성별에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 성취 수준에 따라 내용 흥미도에 차이가 나타났다. 이는 학습자의 발달과 학교급 전환기라는 학습자의 상황, 대학 입시 등 다양한 변인들을 함께 고려하여 내용 흥미도를 해석해야 함을 의미한다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 교육과정 개정, 교과서 개발 및 교과 수업에서 고려해야 할 시사점을 제공하며, 학습자 중심 관점을 토대로 교과 내용에 대한 학습자의 흥미 정도를 세심하게 분석하고 활용해야 할 것이다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.147-164
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• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 어릴 때부터 대학생시절까지 성장하면서 각 시기별로 읽는 도서의 양 사이에는 어느정도의 상관관계가 있는지, 또 각 자료별 상관관계는 어떠한지에 대하여 밝히는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 설문지를 활용한 서베이 연구방법을 사용하여 시기별 자료별 독서량 등을 조사하고 통계처리 방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다: 1) 대체로 특정시기의 일반도서 독서량은 다른 시기의 일반도서 독서량과 상관관계가 높다. 2) 특정시기의 만화 독서량은 다른 시기의 만화 독서량과 상관관계가 높다. 3) 특정 시기의 잡지 독서량은 다른 시기의 잡지 독서량과 상관관계가 높다. 4) 중학교 재학시의 자료별 독서량과 고등학교 재학시의 자료별 독서량 간의 상관관계가 높다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1988

This study dealt with the Dopo, one of the representative ceremonial dress that acclasical scholar used after the middle of the period of the Chosun dynasty. This study represents the period of Dopo's formation and its origin, and the characteristics of the weary of Dopo in Young Dong Province Area is arranged by folkloric method on the base of the exisitng facilities. Dopo has worn since the middle of the period of the Chosun dynasty. It is the kind of Jig young Po that its back is cuffed for convenience and has another cloth as a ceremonial dress. It is thought to be one of the national customs pos formed by the mixture of the big sleeve type which is influenced by confusion life feeling. It seemed that the name of DoPo comes from the Jigchal, an ordinary dress of a high official in China, which is call Dopo. This Dopo is changed and received and so disappeared but it is still used such as ceremonial dress, the necessary articles for marriage of the bride, a bridegroom's liturgical vestments of a memorial service held on the anniversary of the death of a person, mourning dress and a shroud grave clothes. This area has different characters on wearing customs. It is changed into the kind of Dopo, with its back not cutting. The hemp sack is almost used as its subject matter. It doesn't have collar strip for the classification of one's family in any case, and Dopo which is prepared for necessary articles for marriage can not be taken tack after seperating by divorce.

• 복식
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.124-137
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• 2013

This study tried to get a deeper understanding of the characteristics of raincoats in Joseon by searching through historic records: the Annals of Joseon(朝鮮王朝實錄), personal or official records, paintings, etc. The time range of the research covers the entire period of Joseon. There were two prime types of raincoats: Saui, a cyperus coat, and Yusam(油衫), an oilcloth coat. The study proceeded as follows: 1) Identifying the people who wore the coats as well as the time period, 2) Figuring out the shapes and materials of those raincoats, 3) Postulating the reasons for the upward trend in popularity of a certain type as well as the eventual downward trend. Those research efforts revealed the following: 1) In the early Joseon, from royals to commoners, people wore Saui. But as time passed valuation about Saui might have become degraded. Eventually it became regarded as a farmer's smock in the 19th Century. 2) Yusam might not have been worn in the early Joseon. It was developed and spread after the middle of 17th Century. It was for soldiers and nobles, especially travelers, but by the end of the Joseon period, it was also used by commoners. 3) Saui was made of cyperus, but Yusam was made of oiled paper, cotton or silk. Those shapes were similar to a Western cloak. The analysis of the research findings led to following conclusions: 1) Around the middle of Joseon, people started to wear Yusam after the introduction of a Chinese version of it. 2) Yusam might have become popular in Joseon because of the social and cultural implications. At that time, people had pride in their culture and thought that real experiences and travels were important. 3) As people became fond of Yusam more, then Saui's popularity fell.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.81-98
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• 2010

In the middle of the 8th century, we met the new high-rise building, the 7th storied wooden pagodas in 'Kokubunji' in Japan. I tried to analyze and study this building to show how the wooden pagoda had changed itself because of appearance of new style. The conculusions are as follows; 1. The construction of the foundation was mainly composed namely 'Panchuk'. It was proceeded by two ways. One is the earthen-digging, laying foundations named 'Gulkwangpachuk' and the other is simply laying foundation named 'Jisangpanchuk'. In that period, due to the progress of the technique, we assumed that the main stream is 'Jisangpanchuk'. 2. The elevation of base was mostly the single foundation from archaeological study. The material was stone. The middle case of pagoda had the base of tile-roofed. We knew the just one pagoda had the base of brick, but that was not main stream. 3. The new device had appeared in the central base stone. It was the stone point. But in that period the existing method, a hole style and the new style was used in the central base stone. This fact is showed that the central government was not hold the reigon(it names 'Kook') in the respect of the technique. 4. The plan scale is classified of 3 group. As a result, the first body is larger, the main-unit and the sub-unit is a equal unit. But smaller, the length of main-unit is longer than the one of sub-unit. And the very small pagoda was build in that period.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was done to examine how laughter therapy impacts serotonin levels, QOL and depression in middle-aged women and to perform a path analysis for verification of the effects. Methods: A quasi-experimental study employing a nonequivalent control group and pre-post design was conducted. Participants were 64 middle-aged women (control=14 and experimental=50 in 3 groups according to level of depression). The intervention was conducted five times a week for a period of 2 weeks and the data analysis was conducted using repeated measures ANOVA, ANCOVA and LISREL. Results: Results showed that pre serotonin and QOL in women with severe depression were the lowest. Serotonin in the experimental groups increased after the 10th intervention (p=.006) and the rise was the highest in the group with severe depression (p=.001). Depression in all groups decreased after the 5th intervention (p=.022) and the biggest decline was observed in group with severe depression (p=.007). QOL of the moderate and severe groups increased after the 10th intervention (p=.049), and the increase rate was highest in group with severe depression (p<.006). Path analysis revealed that laughter therapy did not directly affect depression, but its effect was indirectly meditated through serotonin variation (p<.001). Conclusion: Results indicate that serotonin activation through laughter therapy can help middle-aged women by lessening depression and providing important grounds for depression control.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.157-168
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate of the relationship of the urinary incontinence, menopausal symptom and life satisfaction in middle aged women. The subjects of this study were 235 middle aged women, living in M city, during the period from June 21 to August 31, 2000. The instruments for this study were the urinary incontinence modified and adding by Lee Young Sook(1994), the menopausal symptom developed by Song Ae Ri and Chung Eun Soon(1998) and the life satisfaction translated and modified by Suh Kyung Hee(1988). Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression with SAS package. The result of this are as follows : 1. The total mean score of urinary incontinence was $1.56{\pm}0.58$ with a range of 0 to 4. The mean score on the menopausal symptom was $2.05{\pm}0.43$ with a range of 1 to 4. The mean life satisfaction score was $1.14{\pm}0.41$ with a range of 0 to 2. 2.General characteristics ralated to urinary incontinence were age and numbers of children (F=7.66, p=0.000, F=2.86, p=0.037). General characteristics ralated to menopausal symptom were age (F=7.37, p=0.000), occupation (t=5.33, p=0.021), problem of children (t=6.46, p=0.011) and marital satisfaction (F=5.65, p=0.004). General characteristics ralated to life satisfaction were type of housing (t=12.06, p=0.000), problem of children (t=6.96, p=0.008) and marital satisfaction (F=18.86, p=0.000). 3.The urinary incontinence and menopausal symptom were correlated positively (r=.235, p=.000). The urinary incontinence and life satisfaction were correlated negatively (r=-.114, p=.007). The menopausal symptom and life satisfaction were correlated negatively (r=-.277, p=.000). 4.The menopausal symptom, type of housing and marital satisfaction explained 16.6% of the variance for life satisfaction in the middle aged women.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.47-63
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of an internal family systems therapy program aimed at increasing ego-identity of middle-aged women. The objectives of this program were for middle-aged women to differentiate the self of internal systems, to identify constraints impinging on an individual part, to release constraints impinging on an individual part, to harmonize the internal family, and to enhance ego-identity. 31 middle-aged women ranged in age from 40 to 60. Two groups were identified as equivalents for the study in the pre-test. The program of this experimental group was implemented twice a week for 120 minutes per each session over a 6-week period. The pre-test(Aug. 29. 2006), the post-test(Oct. 20. 2006) and the follow-up test(Nov. 20. 2006) were implemented in order to verify the effectiveness of the programs. The participants who were absent more than three times in the program were excluded from the post-test and follow-up test. Eventually, the data in 31 persons(15 for the internal family systems therapy, 16 for the control group) were analyze to verify the effectiveness of the program. The instruments used in the study were the ego-identity scale. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, simple main effect, post-hoc t-test, means and standard deviations. And the program was from Sep. 5. to Oct. 20. 2006. The findings of the study were as follows: The internal family systems therapy program had significant effects on enhancing the ego-identity. There was a large increase of the ego-identity in the intervention group, compared with control group at post treatment and follow-up after 1 month which indicated the continuity of intervention effect. However, in the control group, there were no changes according to the time.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of meridian massage on menopausal symptoms and Shin-Hur in middle-aged menopausal women. Method: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pre-post experimental design. The subjects of the study were middle-aged women who had had no menstruation in the last 12 months after the last menstrual bleeding. Cards of invitation on bulletin boards of several apartments were placed to recruit the subjects. The cards of invitation included: purpose of the study, eligibility criteria, method and period. Eighteen women in the experimental group and 16 women in the control group were conveniently assigned, respectively. The experimental group received 20 min meridian massage 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The menopausal symptoms and Shin-hur were measured and compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with the SPSS program by Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon Sign Rank test, Mann Whitney U-test and Spearman's rank correlation. Result: The experimental group showed a significant decrease of menopausal symptoms (U=77.00, p=.020) and Shin-Hur (U=76.00, p=.017). There was a significantly positive correlation between menopausal symptoms and Shin-Hur (r=.497, p=.003). Conclusion: Meridian massage was effective in improving menopausal symptoms and Shin-Hur in middle-aged menopausal women. Thus it can be useful as a nursing intervention for menopausal women.