• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2014

Purpose - This study suggested a practical model for super supermarkets (SSMs) and small- and medium-sized stores to grow together. Super centers expanded their business. However, after the retail distribution law was revised in 2009, mutual cooperation between large and small enterprises resulted in social issues and people raised the issue of profitability. Research design, data, and methodology - This study investigated cases of regulation over distribution in Japan, France, and other countries to reveal implications and recommendations. Results - This study demonstrated how SSM and middle and small supermarkets could grow together by franchising and using cooperative society law. Franchising was a mutual growth model whereby the franchiser provided franchisees with large enterprise systems and utilities while franchisees could provide the franchiser with local information. They could thus build trust in each other to facilitate a mutual growth model. Further, the voluntary franchise system's model facilitated the mutual growth model. Conclusions - This study demonstrates that the franchise system and cooperative society could constitute an ideal model whereby large enterprises and middle and small stores could rely upon each other and grow together.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2021

Project management is a current trend of management in the public sphere, based on different principles, methods and tools. The tools include information technologies providing control over time, cost, quality and planning process in order to ensure accountability to interested parties. The goal of the research was to examine the impact of the integration of information systems in project management of the public sphere on the quality of public governance and administration using the example of infrastructure projects involving the private sector in developing countries. The methodology of the research is based on the concepts of "digital-era governance" (DEG), "Information governance" and "project governance" to determine the effectiveness of information systems and technologies in the management of infrastructure projects in the public sphere. The data from the countries with Lower middle income (India, Indonesia, Philippines, Ukraine, Vietnam) and Upper middle income (Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Romania, Russian Federation, Thailand, Turkey) for 1996-2020 were used to study the effects of DEG. The results show two main trends in the countries with Lower middle income and Upper middle income. The first trend is the development of digital governance, the concept of "digital-era governance" through information systems and performance measurement of the governance system, forecasting of investment flows of infrastructure projects, measurement of payback and effectiveness parameters for investment management in the public sector, decision support. The second trend is the existence of systemic challenges related to corruption, social and institutional factors through the development of democracy in developing countries and the integration of NPM similar to developed countries. The confidence of interested parties, especially private investors, in public authorities is determined by other factors - the level of return on investment, risks and assignment of responsibility, probability of successful completion of the project. These data still remain limited for a wide range of project participants, including citizens.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.51-67
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to find the role and issues of housing management under the community care system which cover the middle class older people. Research method was qualitative research by the interview of 21 subjects with open-ended questionnaire. Most of the older people want to live in the community alone with poor supporting system, because present community care system does not established well, so it cannot cover the staying put service for independent living, such as community alarm, care and repair, handyman, floating support, and meal service within the community. The result showed that community care might be partially avaliable from the welfare center but not well established or transfer to Dong-Office as an agency of community welfare center. However, the subjects had higher needs about housing management for older people than previous study on the hypothetical level. Successful pilot project might be required to develop the community care system focused on housing management for older people.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate what contents nurses want in the intensive major course of junior nursing college. Data were collected for four months from October 2002 to February 2003 by structured questionnaires. Subjects were 240 registered nurses in working at five hospitals and four public health centers and elementary or middle schools in the capital and its suburbs and country. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 8.0 program. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. Nurses working at hospitals want the programs which involve the contents as follows : emergency nursing/CPR, infection control, critical care, caner pt. care, pain control, hospice, pulmonary disease pt. care, analysis of lab. exam, heart disease pt. care, chronic disease pt. care, DM pt. care, digestive-system disease pt. care, nervous-system disease pt. care, elderly pt. care, immune-system disease pt. care, endocrine-system disease pt. care. 2. Nurses working at public health centers want the programs which involve the contents as follows : home nursing, family nursing, management of DM, HT, degenerative disease, and chronic liver disease, elderly pt. care, health education, maternity nursing, rehabilitation nursing. 3. Nurses working at elementary or middle schools want the programs which involve the contents as follows : prevention of drug abuse or misuse, sex education and consultation, health education, consultation technique, emergency care, prevention of child obesity, prevention and management of adult disease in children, teaching method, method of school health room management.

• 경영과학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.22-42
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• 1990

This paper deals with enhancement of the high school equalization assignment system to be executed by the allied entrance examination after the applicants graduated from their middle schools. In prevailing opinion, because educational demander's will has not been considered under the current system, it whose merits have been covered is required to be improved. If the application system of the entrance examination for the high schools will be returned, a situation that it will result in irregularity of the middle school education and in overheating entrance examination seems to appear explicitly. Since the averages of the allied entrance examination score of all the high schools, achieved by the equalization-application nearest assignment system which is named by writers of this paper, are equal, our system is good for maintaining the merits of the current system. More than 50% educational demander's will has been reflected by our system, so that we come to the conclusion that our system is excellent in all the systems verified up to now. Assigning students to the high school to make an average difference between three and five score, we expect that relection rate of the educational demander's will be increased more than 60%.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.211-222
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• 2003

This study on satisfaction with school food service (FS) programs was conducted with 485 middle school students and 515 high school students based on FS management type. There were four types of FS management: independent-conventional (IC), independent-commissary (ICM), contract-conventional (CC), and contract-delivery (CD). About seventy percent of the students expressed satisfaction with the food quantity of the school lunches. But one third of the students, who felt the quantity was insufficient, cited the small size of the rice serving. Many high school students cited the small size of the side dishes as well as the rice serving. It is suggested that the meal quantity should be determined in consideration of the students' physical development. The satisfaction with FS sanitation was lower than that with the meal quality, eating environment, and environment of dining room with respect to all four types of FS management, and was lowest in the CD. It is suggested that FS sanitation should be managed more thoroughly for the students' safety, and that the school FS Committee should carefully monitor the sanitary management of the contract FS companies by means of a well-designed and monitored management system. Most of middle and high school students expected good taste and a diversity of foods in their school lunches. Food taste should be improved, and various food materials and cooking methods should be used for balanced nutrition and greater student satisfaction, particularly in contract FS types (CC and CD).

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2011

This study was carried out to obtain basic data for architectural plans about factors on the facilities relocation needed in management of variation type. For this, floor plans of thirteen middle schools located in Korea and Japan were compared. The results showed a successful conversion to block system according to each subject after remodeling in the schools of our country, however, a monotonous spacial composition excluded other spaces such as media space, teachers' station and preparation room was also shown. These mentioned spaces were important factors in the investigated schools of Japan. By the results of the spacial composition about each space required to the management of variation type, a space share of supplemental areas for learning activities and movement, had shown comparatively low share before remodeling, was improved to 6% and 11.6%, respectively. However, the spacial share of two areas were 16.8% and 12.9%, respectively, in the schools of Japan and it meant the distribution of area was more even than the cases of our country.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.167-185
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 교육과정 질 관리의 측면에서 의무교육 대상인 초등학교와 중학교의 수학 교육 실태를 분석하여 교육과정의 투입, 과정, 산출 단계의 측면에서 질 관리가 되어야 할 주요 내용을 중심으로 학생, 학부모, 교사 대상 설문을 실시하였다. 설문 결과, 첫째, 투입 단계에서 초등학생들은 학습량이, 중학생은 내용 수준의 어려움이 있음이 나타났다. 둘째, 과정 단계에서 초등학교 교사들이 중학교 교사들에 비하여 교육과정 상의 교수 학습 방법을 더 잘 이행하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 산출 단계에서 학생 및 학부모의 인지적 영역과 정의적 영역의 만족도가 초등학교보다 중학교에서 낮은 것으로 나타났지만, 응답 평균은 두 학교급에서 모두 높은 편이었다. 이상을 고려하여 추후 새교육과정이 교육 현장에 적용될 때에 학교급별로 나타난 문제점을 해소할 수 있는 방법이 마련되어야 하고, 궁극적으로 교육과정 질 관리를 위한 수단으로서 교육과정이 개정될 수 있는 체제가 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.277-287
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• 2019

Background: Diabetes is known as one of the most important ambulatory care sensitive conditions. This study purposed to assess the status of continuity of care (COC) and diabetes-related avoidable hospitalizations (DRAHs) of a group of middle- and old-aged patients and to observe the relationship of the two elements by the two age groups. Methods: This study utilized the National Health Insurance Service's National Sample Cohort data and the subjects are diabetes patients of 45 and over, classified into two groups of 'middle-aged'(45-64 years) and 'old-aged'(${\geq}65years$) patients. The dependent variable was DRAHs, which was defined in accordance with the definition of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development "Health Care Quality Indicators" project. COC, as an independent variable, is measured by the COC index in this study. Two-part model (multi-variate and multi-level analyses) was utilized. Results: Factors associated with the status and the number of DRAHs differed by each age group. Meanwhile, the two-part model showed that higher COC was associated with a lower risk of preventable hospitalizations in both middle- and old-aged groups. Conclusion: Study findings can provide health policy insights and implications in order to strengthen the primary care system for further improvement of diabetes management, especially for middle- and old-aged groups.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.484-494
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• 2018

2015년 중동지역에서 발생한 메르스(Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, MERS)는 주요 발병국인 사우디아라비아를 제외하고 세계적으로 우리나라에 가장 큰 피해를 입힌 급성 호흡기 감염병이다. 메르스 사태는 인명피해뿐만 아니라 국민적 불안감과 막대한 경제적 피해를 가져왔으며, 정부의 감염병 위기관리 체계의 문제점을 여실히 보여주었다. 정부의 메르스 확산에 대한 대응능력의 한계와 국민을 대상으로 하는 정부의 커뮤니케이션 미흡 등은 정부의 감염병 위기관리 정책에 대한 국민의 신뢰를 저하시켰으며, 감염병으로 인해 국가의 방역망 체계가 쉽게 무너질 수 있다는 경각심을 불러일으키는 계기가 되었다. 이에 본 연구는 미국의 감염병 긴급대응체계를 고찰하여 우리나라 감염병 위기관리 체계의 개선방안을 모색하였다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여, 2015년 정부의 메르스 대응현황을 살펴보았다. 그리고 미국 CDC의 EOC 조직 구성 및 역할과 IMS 등을 분석하였다.