• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.41-56
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• 2022

This study aims to investigate the actual condition of wearing leggings and the preferred design of down-aging women in their 30s and 40s who have young sensibility, but are starting to enter a middle-aged body type. By analyzing the problems experienced when wearing leggings in this age group, this study intends to provide basic data for the development of a middle-aged female leggings pattern with an improved fit. Therefore, a survey was conducted on 214 women in their 30s and 40s. The results of the survey are as follows. Among down-aging women who want to look younger, leggings are becoming an essential item, but most leggings brands are producing leggings with patterns suitable for women in their 20s. The results of this study also showed that down-aging women in their 30s and 40s mainly purchase and prefer body-fitting leggings. However, they are experiencing discomfort due to 'Y-zone accentuate', 'undergarment accentuate', 'cloth stucking', and 'waist band curling and tightening'. The results indicate that women in their 30s and 40s, who are starting to change to a middle-aged body type, have fit problems. Women in their 20s generally prefer functions that improve the body line, while those in their 30s and 40s prefer functions that improve movement and cover problems caused by the abdomen and the Y-zone area. Therefore, when designing leggings for down-aging women in their 30s and 40s, based on body-fitting leggings, a material with excellent elasticity must be selected. Also develop patterns that solves 'Y-zone accentuate', 'undergarment accentuate', 'cloth stucking', and 'waist band curling and tightening' problems.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.67-81
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analyze women's health problems using Green & Kreuter's(1991) PRECEDE model and to develop health education program for women's health. The subjects were recruited women from Wonju city 18 years or older. 1. The results showed that about 50% of the women were satisfied with their lives as women, 23% of the sample felt there was a need for a women's health care center. The mean number of health problems was 3.1 and the prevalence rate, 44.4%. 2. We developed on educational program according to group differences related to health problems, diagnosis of disease, variables influencing health promotion behavior, and programs which each group wanted. Also we stressed self-efficacy and self-help group for the management of individual health to all groups. 3. The diagnoses of diseases that were experienced premarital over the past year were gastritis, bronchitis, spinal disk, and fracture, for the childbearing/rearing group, gastritis, vaginitis and cervicitis, cervical cancer and cystitis and nephritis and arthritis and for the middle-aged/elderly group arthritis, gastritis, vaginitis and cervicitis, and spinal disk. Of the sample 30.5% did not have a health exam in the past year, and only 10% of the premarital group, 12.5% of the childbearing/child-rearing group, and 18.3% of the middle aged-elderly group were concerned about their health and did something for their health. 4. The average score on the HPLP was 2.41. the HPLP was scores according to group were found to have significant differences. self-efficacy, family functions, health attention and were considered important variables in the premarital group, in the childbearing/child-rearing group self-efficacy, family functions, internal locus of control, health attention, and health perception and power others locus of control and then for the middle aged-elderly group self-efficacy, health attention, internal locus of control, family functions and health perception. 5. There are a few educational programs in the city provided by the Wonju Health Center and by community health nurse practitioners. The premarital group requested the educational programs on diet, health exercise, family health and stress management. Also the childbearing/child-rearing group wanted programs on diet, family health, stress management, and health exercise, and the middle-aged/elderly group wanted that of family health, diet, climacteric changes stress management and health exercise. The program suggested that this program should be applied to women in the community to insure adequate management of women's health. Follow-up research with PROCEED is needed to analyze health outcomes, also, a women's health nursing specialist system is required to develop health promotion, and improve the quality of life for women.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week ProBody massage program on body alignment and plantar pressure balance in middle-aged men with musculoskeletal diseases. Method: The subjects of this study were 20 middle-aged men with musculoskeletal diseases in B Metropolitan City who participated in an 8-week ProBody massage program conducted twice a week. Physical characteristics (height, weight, and body mass index), body alignment, and plantar pressure were assessed before and after the experiment. Results: The 20 middle-aged men with musculoskeletal diseases who underwent the ProBody massage program showed positive changes in physiological characteristics, body alignment, and plantar pressure balance. Conclusion: Consequently, the 8-week ProBody massage program was suggested to be effective for improving and preventing postural imbalance in middle-aged men with musculoskeletal diseases. The ProBody massage program could also be utilized to improve the body alignment and plantar pressure balance in middle-aged women with musculoskeletal diseases.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.288-294
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to comprehensively examine middle-aged male taxi drivers' perceptions of the risk of cardiovascular disease. Methods: A qualitative method was used, with focus group interviews. The participants were middle-aged male taxi drivers who had been driving for more than ten years and for more than six hours daily. Results: The data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. Middle-aged male taxi drivers' perceptions of the risk of cardiovascular disease were categorized into three main themes: "individual perceptions of cardiovascular disease", "possibility of behaviors for cardiovascular disease" and "motivations of behaviors for cardiovascular disease". Six sub-themes were extracted as follows: "perception of vulnerability", "perception of seriousness", "perception of profitability", "perception of disability", "self-awareness" and "advancing toward health care". Conclusion: It is necessary to invigorate support systems through measures including education, counseling, and web-based programs to prevent cardiovascular disease in middle-aged male taxi drivers.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.211-217
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the image evaluation and the preference of tailored jacket focused on the variation of the length according to the body type and the degree of satisfaction with the body of middle-aged women. For this study, twenty seven different types of tailored jacket were designed with some variation of their silhouette, the length and the collar's figure on three hundred and twenty three middle-aged women ranging from 35 to 50 years old. There was a significant difference in the image evaluation and the preference of tailored jacket according to the body type of middle-aged women. The women of the body type I evaluated that tailored jackets of the long length were more attractive, graceful, and active, soft and preferred the style, and the women of the body type II and III, them of the middle length. The women of the body type I evaluated that tailored jackets of the short length were more attractive, graceful, active, soft and preferred the style. Also there was a meaningful difference in the image evaluation and the preference of tailored jacket according to the degree of satisfaction with their bodies. As satisfied with their face size, they thought tailored jackets of the long length were more attractive, graceful and active, soft and they preferred the style. As satisfied with the girth of the hip, they evaluated the short/long tailored jackets were more attractive, graceful and active, soft and they preferred the style. As satisfied with their height they valued the long tailored jacket was more attractive, graceful and active, soft and they preferred the style.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.844-854
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• 2002

To examine the effect of the exercise therapy, and exercise-behavior modifi- cation therapy on obesity, blood lipids and self-esteem of the obese middle-aged women. Method: A total of 35 middle-aged women (BMI: over 30) were selected for this research. Walking at a 50% intensity was administered 4 days a week for 12 weeks, while the behavior modification therapy performed for 60~90 minutes per week for 12 weeks. Result: Body weight and BMI has significantly reduced in the case of EG and E BG. The result of comparing body weight between groups showed significant difference between EG and CG, and E BG and CG whereas BMI showed significant difference between EG and CG only. TC, TG, LDL-C, %TC/HDL-C have shown significant decrease in EG and E-BG, while HDL-C displayed significant increase in EG and E BG. And HDL-C showed significant decrease in CG. As for comparison between groups, significant difference was noted in EG and CG, and E BG and CG at TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and in EG and CG at %TC/HDL-C. Self-esteem displayed significant increase in EG and E BG; however, there was no significant different in CG. As for comparison between groups, there was significant difference noted in E BG and CG only. Conclusion: The results showed that the exercise therapy and the exercise-behavior modification therapy were effective in changing obesity, blood lipids and self-esteem of the obese middle-aged women.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2010

The purposes of this study are for current manufacturing status of the formal knit slacks for the middle aged women. As for the methodology, five manufacturers specializing in formal knitwear brands were subjected to the study, to examine the current manufacturing status of the knit slacks for the middle aged women, by conducting interviews and questionnaire with patterner and designer. The questionnaire items are 20 ones including general questions on manufacturing of the knit slacks, questions on materials used in manufacturing, and on sewing. The results are as followings : First, as for the manufacturing structure of the knit slacks manufacturer, all manufacturers directly manufactured knit slacks in their own factory, and the manufacturing was comprised of 10% in woven slacks and 90% in knit slacks. Second, as for the type of yarn mostly used in fabric knitting for the knit slacks, wool was used mostly for F/W, and acrylic or Saint yarn for S/S. As for the types of knit, Milano rib stitch and Half Milano rib stitch were used for wool and acrylic knitting, and plain stitch was used for Saint yarn. As for the gauge, 12G and 14G were used, whereas 7G, 12G was used for Saint yarn. Repair requests of the knit slacks were mostly on the length of the pants, such as shortening hip circumference and crotch length, or widening waist and hip area. The study shows that the size of knit slacks did not fit the body type of customers.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.41-59
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among psychosocial well-being, perceived health status and health promoting lifestyle practices. Data has been collected from November 1, 1998 to April 30, 1999. One hundred and ninety eight middle-aged women completed a multiple self-reported questionnaire on psychosocial well-being, perceived health status and health promoting lifestyle profile. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS 7.5 for Windows using Pearson Correlation Coefficients, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test. The Major results of this study were as follows: 1. The average item score for psychosocial well-being was low at 54.49, the level of perceived health status was moderate at 5.74, and health promoting lifestyle practices were low at 112.05. Among the subscales of the health promoting lifestyle profile, self-actualization(3.08) and nutrition(2.92) were scored higher than exercise(1.81) and health responsibility(1.79). 2. The performance of health promoting lifestyle was positively correlated with perceived health status(r= .190) and psychosocial well-being(r= .497). Also, positive correlations were observed between perceived health status and psychosocial well-being(r= .181). 3. There were statistically significant differences for health promoting lifestyle, psychosocial well-being and perceived health status according to sociodemographic variables; the performance of health promoting lifestyle was significantly different according to education, economic status, exercise and smoking. Psychosocial well-being was also significantly different according to education, exercise and drinking. Perceived health status was significantly different according to religion, education, occupation and supporter. These findings help to understand relationships among psychosocial well-being, perceived health status, and health promoting lifestyle practices in middle-aged women in Korea. Therefore, the result of this study provide clues for encouraging people to adopt healthier lifestyles and constructing alternative strategies for promoting health practices.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate effects of a comprehensive lifestyle improvement program for middle-aged women with cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CVD)-related risk factors. Methods: The research adopted a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The number of participants was 18 in the experimental group and 16 in the control group sampled among middle-aged women who had CVD-related risk factors residing in a community. The experimental group participated in a four-session comprehensive lifestyle promotion program, which consisted of lectures, demonstrations, small-group meetings and telephone-counseling. The effects of the program were evaluated by measuring knowledge, attitude, health behavior, and self-efficacy for CVD prevention. Results: The experimental group showed a significant increase in self-efficacy for CVD prevention compared to the control group. There was no significant increase in knowledge, attitude, and health behavior. Conclusion: The results suggest that the comprehensive lifestyle improvement program was effective in improving self-efficacy for CVD prevention. There is a need to develop more effective lifestyle improvement programs designed to improve knowledge, attitude, and health behavior for CVD prevention. In further research, a follow-up evaluation is also needed to investigate any delayed effects on targeted variables among which no significant differences emerged immediately after the completion of the program.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.30-41
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the effects of middle-aged women's social support, self-efficacy, and perceived health status on aging anxiety. Methods: Research subjects were 210 middle-aged women between 40 - 60 years living in G-city. Data were collected from July $21^{st}$ 2014 to August $8^{th}$ using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using t-test, One way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: Aging anxiety showed statistically significant differences in religion (t=2.44, p=.015), satisfaction with married life (F=4.39, p=.014), type of leisure activity (F=8.09, p<.001), and number of friends (F=3.23, p=.024). Aging anxiety showed correlation with social support (r=-.21, p=.003), self-efficacy (r=-.46, p<.001), and perceived health status (r=-.33, p<.001). Factors affecting aging anxiety were self-efficacy (${\beta}=-.33$, p<.001), perceived health status (${\beta}=-.23$, p<.001), leisure activity type (${\beta}=-.16$, p=.010), and religious affiliation (${\beta}=-.17$, p=.038). The predictive power of these variables was 25% (F=18.63, p<.001). Conclusion: Nursing intervention strategies for improving self-efficacy, perceived health status, and leisure activity are required to relieve aging anxiety of middle-aged women.