• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.183-188
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• 2005

A simple microwave backscattering model for vegetation canopies on earth surfaces is developed in this study. A natural earth surface is modeled as a two-layer structure comprising a vegetation layer and a ground layer. This scattering model includes various scattering mechanisms up to the first-order multiple scattering( double-bounce scattering). Radar backscatter from ground surface has been modeled by the polarimetric semi-empirical model (PSEM), while the backscatter from the vegetation layer modeled by the vector radiative transfer model. The vegetation layer is modeled by random distribution of mixed scattering particles, such as leaves, branches and trunks. The number of input parameters has been minimized to simplify the scattering model. The computation results are compared with the experimental measurements, which were obtained by ground-based scatterometers and NASA/JPL air-borne synthetic aperture radar(SAR) system. It was found that the scattering model agrees well with the experimental data, even though the model used only ten input parameters.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.121-128
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• 2022

There are much processing techniques of microwave circuits, whose dimensions are small compared to the wavelength, but the disadvantage is that they cannot be directly applied to circuits working at high and/or low frequencies. In this article, we will consider the bond graph approach as a tool for analyzing and understanding the behavior of microwave circuits, and to show how basic circuit and network concepts can be extended to handle many microwaves analysis and design problems of practical interest. This behavior revealed in the scattering matrix filter, and which will be operated from its reduced bond graph model. So, we propose in this paper, a new application of bond graph approach jointly with the scattering bond graph for a high frequency study.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.332-335
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• 2014

This paper investigates the phase singularity problem in microwave image reconstruction utilizing unwrapped phase data. The measured phases of the electric fields in most microwave measurement systems are wrapped. Thus, a certain phase unwrapping process is necessary for reconstruction of the image of a high contrast object. This unwrapping, however, is difficult in the presence of scattering nulls on/near the unwrapping path. At the null point, the phase value will be rendered, resulting in a poor image reconstruction. In this paper, we investigate the phase singularity arising from electromagnetic scattering nulls in microwave breast tomographic imaging. We then propose a transformation technique for the measured electric fields that avoids phase singularity.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2004

The generalized Rayleigh-Gans (GRG) approximation is usually used to compute the scattering amplitudes of leaves smaller or comparable to a wavelength, while the physical optics (PO) approach with the resistive sheet approximation is commonly used for leaves larger or comparable to the wavelength. In this paper, the scattering amplitudes of an elliptical leaf are computed using those theoretical scattering models (GRG and PO) at different frequencies. The accuracies of the analytical models for microwave scattering from deciduous leaves are investigated by comparison with the precise estimation by the method of moment (MoM). It was found that both the PO approach and the GRG approximation can be used alternatively for computing the scattering matrices of natural deciduous leaves at P-, L-, C- and X-band frequencies.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.901-910
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• 2010

As a supplement to X-ray mammography, microwave imaging is a new and promising technique for breast cancer detection. Through solving the nonlinear inverse scattering problem, microwave tomography (MT) creates images from measured signals using antennas. In this paper, we describe a developed MT system and an iterative Gauss-Newton algorithm. At each iteration, this algorithm determines the updated values by solving the set of normal equations using Tikhonov regularization. Some examples of successful image reconstruction are presented.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.107-114
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• 2012

Microwave imaging (MI) is one of the most promising and attractive new techniques for earlier breast cancer detection. Microwave tomography (MT) realizes configuration of a multistatic multiple-input multiple-output system and reconstructs dielectric properties of the breast by solving a nonlinear inversion scattering problem. In this paper, we describe ETRI 3D MT system with 3D MI reconstruction program and demonstrate its robustness through some examples of the image reconstruction.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.586-589
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• 2004

A numerical algorithm using the Method of Moments (MoM) is introduced to compute precisely the scattering matrices of very thin deciduous leaves in this paper. At first, a dyadic Green's function was formulated and an integral equation for a volumetric current distribution in a lossy dielectric body. Then, the MoM was applied to the scattering problem with a specific technique to handle the numerical poles. The accuracy of the numerical technique was verified by examining the technique with various ways, and used to examine the validity regions of the classical analytical models.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.725-728
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• 2005

The scattering problem of the randomly rough surface is examined by the method of moments(MoM), small perturbation method (SPM), integral equation method (IEM) and the semi-empirical polarimetic model. To apply the numerical technique of the MoM to microwave scattering from a rough surface, at first, many independent randomly rough surfaces with a rms height and a correlation length are generated with Gaussian random deviate. Then, an efficient Monte Carlo simulation technique is applied to estimate the scattering coefficients of the surfaces.

• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.40-45
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• 1992

A simple emission model applicable for low scattering (scattering << absorption) anisotropic layer is developed and applied to the interpretation of measurements of microwave emission from row crops. The vegetation layer of row crops is modeled as a random slab embedded with small spheroid with major axis aligend paralel to the crop-row direction. The total emission is given in a simple algebraic form based on the zero-order radiative transfer theory. The single scattering albedo for spheroid and its polarimetric phase function are presented. The effects of layer azimuthal dependence on emission are accounted for by using an anisotropic albedo in the zero-order transfer theory. The developed emission theory favorably compares with the brightness temperature measured over soybeans canopy.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.154-157
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• 1999

Microwave polarimetric backscattering from a wet soil surface had been measured using a Ku-band polarimetric scatterometer at the incidence angles ranging from 10$^{\circ}$ to 70$^{\circ}$ Since the accurate target parameters as well as the radar parameters are necessary for radar scattering modeling, a complete and accurate set of ground truth data were also collected, from which accurate measurements were made of the rms height, correlation length, and dielectric constant. The measured polarimetric backscattering coefficients (vv-, hh-, vh-, hv-polarizations) were compared with theoretical models and empirical models. A new semi-empirical model for microwave polarimetric radar backscattering from bare soil surfaces was developed using polarimetric radar measurements and the knowledge based on the theoretical and numerical solutions. The model was found to yield very good agreement with the backscattering measurements of this study.