• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.617-632
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the anatomical structure and fiber quality of four lesser-used wood species namely Benuang (O. sumatrana), Duabanga (D. moluccana), Pisang Merah (H. hellwigii), and Terap (A. odoratissimus). This study evaluated its suitability for raw material in pulp and paper manufacturing. The anatomical structure was observed macro- and microscopically. Macroscopic structures were observed directly to the wood samples, while microscopic characteristics were observed through microtome specimens. Fiber dimension was measured through macerated specimens and fiber quality was analyzed following the Rachman and Siagian's method. Results showed that these four timber species have similarity in the indistinct growth ring, diffuse porous in a radial pattern, rounded solitary vessel outline, 1 to 3 cells of ray width, deposits within the rays, fiber length, and cell wall thickness. Differences were found on vessel diameter, vessel grouping, vessel frequency, tyloses existence, type of axial parenchyma, and ray height. Based on fiber length and its derived values, the wood fibers of all species studied are suitable for pulp and paper manufacturing. They belong to the II quality class. The produced pulp and paper would have good quality, especially in tensile, folding, and tear strength. To promote their utilization, silviculture aspect of these four species has to be well understood.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.490-498
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• 2022

The current study aimed to verify the image segmentation ability of rays in tangential thin sections of conifers using artificial intelligence technology. The applied model was Mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) and softwoods (viz. Picea jezoensis, Larix gmelinii, Abies nephrolepis, Abies koreana, Ginkgo biloba, Taxus cuspidata, Cryptomeria japonica, Cedrus deodara, Pinus koraiensis) were selected for the study. To take digital pictures, thin sections of thickness 10-15 ㎛ were cut using a microtome, and then stained using a 1:1 mixture of 0.5% astra blue and 1% safranin. In the digital images, rays were selected as detection objects, and Computer Vision Annotation Tool was used to annotate the rays in the training images taken from the tangential sections of the woods. The performance of the Mask R-CNN applied to select rays was as high as 0.837 mean average precision and saving the time more than half of that required for Ground Truth. During the image analysis process, however, division of the rays into two or more rays occurred. This caused some errors in the measurement of the ray height. To improve the image processing algorithms, further work on combining the fragments of a ray into one ray segment, and increasing the precision of the boundary between rays and the neighboring tissues is required.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.102-109
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• 2023

The basic information of ovule and seed characteristics was investigated for five monotypic and endemic genera in the Korean peninsula as categorized by the Flora of Korea category. The carpels and seeds were sectioned with a rotary microtome. Mature seeds were coated with platinum using an ion sputter and observed using a scanning electron microscope. As a result, Abeliophyllum was found to be anatropous and a unitegmic ovule, with a slightly colliculate seed surface and exotestal seed coat type. The ovule of Coreanomecon was anatropous and bitegmic, having a distinct echinate seed surface, and exo-endotestal seed coat type with a prismatic crystal in the mesotesta. The ovule of Hanabusaya was anatropous and a unitegmic, with a long reticulate seed surface sculpture, and distinct exotestal seed coat type. In addition, a wing developed at the opposite side of the raphe bundle. Megaleranthis was an anatropous and bitegmic ovule, having a small pentagonal disk shape, a concave seed surface and exotestal seed coat type. Finally, Pentactina was also anatropous and a unitegmic ovule, reticulate seed sculpture, and endotestal seed coat type. These data will be proving to be a source of good information for securing bio-sovereignty in the near future.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.333-342
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• 2001

Adriamycin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent for cancer, including acute leukemia, lymphoma, and a number of solid human tumors. However, recent studies have recognized severe cardiotoxicity after an acute dose, which are likely the result of generation of free radicals and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, the clinical uses of adriamycin have been limited. Melatonin, the pineal gland hormone known for its ability to modulate circardian rhythm, has recently been studied in its several functions, including cancer growth inhibition, stimulating the immune system, and acting as an antioxidant and radical scavenging effects. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of melatonin administration on adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity in rat. Heart slices were prepared using a Stadie-Riggs microtome for the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) content used as an index of lipid peroxidation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release as an indicator of lethal cell injury. Serious adriamycin-induced lethality was observed in rat by a single intraperitoneal injection in a dose-dependent manner. A single injection of adriamycin (25 mg/kg, i.p.) induced a lethality rate of 86%, with melatonin (10 mg/kg s.c. for 6 days) treatment reducing the adriamycin-induced lethality rate to 20%. The severe body weight loss caused by adriamycin was also significantly attenuated by melatonin treatment. Treatment of melatonin marked reduced adriamycin-induced the levels of MDA formation and LDH release. A cell damage indicated by the loss of myofibrils, swelling of the mitochondria as well as cytoplasmic vacuolization was seen in adriamycin-treated group. Melatonin attenuated the adriamycin-induced structural alterations. These data provide evidence that melatonin prevents adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity and might serve as a combination with adriamycin to limit free radical-mediated cardiotoxicity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.155-159
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• 2002

AEY의 acetone 추출물이 mouse liver microsome의 산화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Mouse liver microsome에 함유된 단백질 AEY 처리가 CEY 처리구에 비해 상대적으로 7~48%정도가 증가하였다. 지방산 분석 결과, CEY 처리에 비해 AEY 처리구에서 stearic acid를 포함하는 포화지방산의 함량비가 상대적으로 높았으며, oleic acid, linoleic acid 등을 함유하는 불포화지방산의 함량비가 현저히 감소하였다. AEY 처리구는 F $e^{2+}$가 관여하는 Asc/F $e^{2+}$, NADPH/F $e^{+2}$ 를 산화유도물질로 사용한 경우에 TC와 비슷하거나 보다 강력한 항산화 효과를 보였다. ABIN이나 CuOOH가 산화유도물질로 작용할 시에는 AEY처리에 의해 유의성있는 항산화 효과가 나타나지 않았다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

1995년 충북대 선사문화연구소에 의해 평택시 안중면 현화리 토탄층에서 발굴된 수침고목재(약 2500년전) 63점을 연구대상으로 하였다. 수침고목재는 PEG 2000으로 포매한 후 로타리마이크로톰으로 박편을 제작하여 분석하였다. 대부분의 시료가 오랜 기간동안의 부후로 인하여 조직을 관찰할 수 없었기 때문에 비교적 상태가 양호한 27점만 수종을 식별할 수 있었다. 식별된 수종은 오리나무속(55.6%), 물푸레나무속(33.3%), 참나무속의 상수리나무아속(11.1%)으로 모두 활엽수종이었으며 침엽수종은 발견되지 않았다. 이들 수종의 구성으로 보아 연구지역이 마지막 빙하기이후 서해안 해수면 상승에 의해 형성된 습지나 효수 주변이었던 것으로 해석된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.682-689
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of the Microseal$^{(R)}$, which was new obturation system made by Tycom company, U.S.A. Forty-five extracted single-rooted human teeth were resected at cemento-enamel junction and divided three groups. All canals were prepared using Profile system, and then each group was obturated by lateral condensation technique (group 1), vertical condensation technique (group 2) and Microseal$^{(R)}$ condensation technique (group 3) with root canal sealer. Teeth were immersed in resorcinol-formaldehyde resin for 5 days at $4^{\circ}C$ and the resin was allowed to polymerize completely for 4 days at room temperature. Teeth were resected horizontally at 1 mm (level I), 2 mm (level II), 3 mm (level III) from the anatomical root apex using low speed microtome and examined with Image analyzer (IBASR, Zeiss co., Germany.) at ${\times}25$ magnification. The gab between the canal wall and the filling material, which was filled with the resin, was measured at each of the three levels. Each ratio of leakage was expressed percentage by calculating the ratio of the area of the resin to the total area of the canal and was analyzed statistically (one-way ANOVA). The results were as follows; 1. The mean ratio of leakage (%) was 6.46% at group 1, 3.06% at group 2, 11.27% at group 3. 2. When evaluating the ratio of leakage at the three levels, there was level I> level II> level III in all groups. Especially, the difference between level I and level III was statistically significant (p<0.05). 3. When evaluating the ratio of leakage at the three groups, there was group 3> group 1> group 2 at all levels. Especially the difference between group 2 and group 3 was statistically significant (p<0.05).

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 1969

가토간장에서 채취(採取)한 간(肝)디스토마 성충(成蟲)의 정소(精巢)와 수정낭(受精囊)을 1.25% glutaraldehyde와 1% 사산화(四酸化) 오스뮴산(酸)으로 냉실(冷室)에서 이중고정(二重固定)하였다. 고정(固定)된 시료(試料)는 양식(樣式)에 따라 탈수(脫水)한 후(後) Epon-812로 포매(包埋)하여 MT-2형(型) Porter Blum microtome으로서 초박절편(超薄切片)을 만들어 수사화연(水酸化鉛)과 초산(醋酸)우라닐로서 이중염색(二重染色)한후 Hitachi HS-7형(型)과 HU-11E형(型)의 전자현미경(電子顯微鏡)으로 관찰(觀察)하였다. 관찰결과 간(肝)디스토마의 정세포(精細胞)는 타원형으로 난형(卵形)의 인(仁)을 포함(包含)한 큰 핵(核)을 갖고 있으며 핵(核)을 둘러싼 비교적소량(比較的小量)의 세포질(細胞質)에는 낭형(囊形)의 조면소포체(粗面小胞體)가 희소(稀少)하게 있으며 유리(遊離)리보좀 및 즐(櫛)을 가진 미토콘드리아, 중심체(中心體), 층판상(層板狀)의 골지체가 있다. 정자(精子)는 긴 원주형(圓柱形)의 핵(核)과 선단(先端)에 첨체(尖體)를 포함(包含)한 두부(頭部)와 중종편(中終片), 미부(尾部)의 말단부(末端部)로 갈수록 점차 가늘어져서 결국(結局) 편모(鞭毛)로 끝난다. 두부(頭部)의 선단부(先端部) 가까이 핵환(核環)이 있으므로 이를 기시점(起始點)으로 직경(直徑) $250{\AA}$ 정도의 $8{\sim}10$개(個)의 미세소관(微細小管)이 축사(軸絲)의 배면(背面) 원형질막(原形質膜) 직내면(直內面)의 외형질(外形質)에 평행(平行)하게 중종편(中終片)까지 신장(伸長)되어 있다. 미토콘드리아는 융합(融合)되어 두부(頭部)의 후반부(後半部) 핵(核)의 복측(腹側)에 평행(平行)하게 축사(軸絲)를 감싸는 원추형(圓錐形)으로 종단면(縱斷面)에서 반점상(班點狀)의 횡문(橫紋)이 관찰(觀察)되었다. 중심체(中心體)에서 기원(起原)된 축사(軸絲)는 중심부(中心部)에 중심섬유(中心纖維)와 중심초 및 이중(二重)의 미세소관(微細小管)이 9개(個) 둘러싸고 있는 구조(構造)를 하고 있다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.165-177
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• 1994

To investigate the depth of the root concavity and root surface area of the maxillary first premolar, 40 maxillary first premolars were used. All the teeth which extracted because of advanced periodontal disease and orthodontic treatment procedure, were sectioned every 1.5mm from cementoenameljunction to the apex with hard tissue microtome. Each sectioned root was taken photograph with slide film, and projected for measuring with a calibrated digital Curvi-Meter. The root surface area, percentage of the RSA and the linear variation of the RSA were calibrated for each 1.5mm section. Linear variation of the depth of root concavity was measured on mesial and distal root surface for each section using computer-aided digitizer. The results were as follows. 1. The total mean root length of maxillary first premolar was 13.48mm. Mean buccal root length of 2-rooted tooth was 12.59mm, mean palatal root length was 12.73mm, and mean root length of single rooted tooth was 13.78mm. 2. The total mean root surface area of maxillary first premolar was $194.17mm^2$, mean root surface area for 2-rooted tooth was $205.97mm^2$ and mean root surface area for single rooted tooth was $188.49mm^2$. 3. It was 59.93% of the total root surface area that the area from CEJ to coronal 6mm. And, the coronal half of the root length accounted for approximately 71.76% of the total root surface area. 4. Most deepest concavity of the mesial root surface was 0.65mm at apical 3.0mm, 4.5mm level in maxillary first premolar. And, that of the distal root surface was 0.37mm at apical 4.5mm level. 5. All of the maxillary first premolar had mesial root surface concavity. This mesial root surface concavity appeared to be more pronounced in 2-rooted tooth than single rooted tooth.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.400-405
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• 2015

Background : As the characterization of medicinal plants is an important aspect of traditional Asian herbal medicine, this study examines the morphological and anatomical characteristics in four fructus form medicinally important plants belonging to the family Apiaceae. Methods and Results : Fruit morphology of four genera was examined using microtome sections and light microscopy. The Anethi Fructus, Anethum graveolens (Siraja) has unique wing-like and membranous lateral ribs that are, approximately $500{\mu}m$ wide. The Coriandri Fructus, Coriandrum sativum (Hoyuja) does not have oil ducts at the dorsal region of the mericarp and differs in the development of the dorsal ribs. The ribs appear upon drying and therefore, consist of primary and secondary ribs. The Foeniculi Fructus, Foeniculum vulgare (Hoehyang) characteristically develops three dominant dorsal ribs and has a strong aromatic fragrance. Finally, the Cnidii Fructus, Torilis japonica (Sasangja) has many oil ducts at the dorsal and carpophores regions and develops many hooked trichomes one the fructus surface. Conclusions : We conclude from this study that each plant has several prominent and distinguishing morphological and anatomical characteristics. Therefore, fruit morphology is very useful for identifying these medicinal plants. In addition, the correct use and herbal name need to be standardized for plants used traditionally in Asian medicine within Korea, China, and Japan.