• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.239-252
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• 2013

Mortar microstructure is considered as a three-phase composite material, which is cement paste, fine aggregate and interfacial transition zone. Interfacial transition zone is the weakest link between the cement paste and fine aggregate, so it has a significant role to determine the properties of cementitious composites. In this study, specimens (w/c = 0.35, 0.45, 0.55) with various volume fractions of fine aggregate ($V_f$ = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) were cast and tested. To predict the equivalent migration coefficient ($M_e$) and migration coefficient of interfacial transition zone ($M_{itz}$), double-inclusion method and Mori-Tanaka theory were used to estimate. There are two stages to estimate and calculate the thickness of interfacial transition zone (h) and migration coefficient of interfacial transition zone ($M_{itz}$). The first stage, the data of experimental chloride ion migration coefficient ($M_s$) was used to calculate the equivalent migration coefficient of fine aggregate with interfacial transition zone ($M_e$) by Mori-Tanaka theory. The second stage, the thickness of interfacial transition zone (h) and migration coefficient of interfacial transition zone ($M_{itz}$) was calculated by Hori and Nemat-Nasser's double inclusion model. Between the theoretical and experimental data a comparison was conducted to investigate the behavior of interfacial transition zone in mortar and the effect of interfacial transition zone on the chloride migration coefficient, the results indicated that the numerical simulations is derived to the $M_{itz}/M_m$ ratio is 2.11~8.28. Additionally, thickness of interfacial transition zone is predicted from $10{\mu}m$, 60 to $80{\mu}m$, 70 to $100{\mu}m$ and 90 to $130{\mu}m$ for SM30, M35, M45 and M55, respectively.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.339-346
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• 2023

미세구조 특성의 불확실성은 재료 특성에 많은 영향을 준다. 시멘트 기반 재료의 공극 분포 특성은 재료의 역학적 특성에 큰 영향을 미치며, 재료에 랜덤하게 분포되어 있는 많은 공극은 재료의 물성 예측을 어렵게 한다. 공극의 특성 분석과 재료 응답 간의 상관관계 규명에 대한 기존 연구는 통계적 관계 분석에 국한되어 있으며, 그 상관관계가 아직 명확히 규명되어 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 합성곱 신경망(CNN, convolutional neural network)을 활용한 이미지 기반 데이터 접근법을 통해 시멘트 기반 재료의 역학적 응답을 예측하고, 공극분포와 재료 응답의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 머신러닝을 위한 데이터는 고해상도 마이크로-CT 이미지와 시멘트 기반 재료의 물성(인장강도)로 구성하였다. 재료의 메시 구조 특성을 분석하였으며, 재료의 응답은 상장균열모델(phase-field fracture model)에 기반을 둔 2D 직접 인장(direct tension) 유한요소해석 시뮬레이션을 활용하여 평가하였다. 입력 이미지 영역의 기여도를 분석하여 시편에서 재료 응답 예측에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 영역을 CNN을 통하여 식별하였다. CNN 과정 중 활성 영역과 공극분포를 비교 분석하여 공극분포특성과 재료 응답의 상관관계를 분석하여 제시하였다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2010

자연에 존재하는 생명체들은 유기-무기 성분들이 포함된 미세구조로 이루어진 계층학적으로 복잡한유-무기 나노 복합재를 합성한다. 자연에서 진행되는 유기-무기 나노복합재의 생성 및 재생 과정은 생광물화과정으로서 생물학적 환경에서 진행되는 생광물화과정의 연구는 신물질 합성에 대한 단서를 제공할 뿐만 아니라 산업적으로 중요한공정의 개발에 있어 귀중한 지침으로 활용될 수 있다. 연체동물 역시 생광물화과정을 수행하는 다른 생명체들과 마찬가지로 단백질과 다당류로 이루이진 유기매트릭스와 무기물의 상호작용을 통하여 패각을 설계하고 합성한다. 본 고찰에서는 이매패류의 패각 형성 과정 연구를 기반으로 아울러 생광물화과정 연구를 기반으로 한 소재합성과 관련된 생체모방공학 기술을 고찰하였다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.62-70
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• 1993

This study presents the effect of applied pressure on the preform deformation during squeeze casting of $Al_2O_3$ short fiber reinforced aluminum alloy (AC8A) metal matrix composites. A preliminary model based on the general beam theory is suggested for the prediction of the preform deformation. Two different commercially available $Al_2O_3$ short fiber (Saffil, Kaowool) were used to study the influence of the fibers on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the squeeze cast $Al/Al_2O_3$ composites. The composites were fabricated with the applied pressure of 75 MPa which was found to be the optimum condition for the squeeze casting of the composites in this study. For the amorphous Kaowool fiber, hard crystalline Mullite phase was formed with heat treatment. Both of amorphous and the crystallized Kaowool fibers were used to fabricate $Al/Al_2O_3$ composites. Microhardness of crystallized Kaowool fiber revealed higher than that of the amorphous Kaowool fiber in the squeeze cast composites. It was also found that the wear resistance of Kaowool fiber reinforced composites increased with the amount of Mullite.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.25-25
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• 2018

Electron beam melting (EBM) is one of powder based additive manufacturing technology used to produce parts for high geometrical complexity and directly with three-dimensional computer aided design (CAD) model. It is kind of the most promising methods with additive manufacturing for a wide range of medical applications, such as orthopedic, dental implant, and etc. This research has been investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of as fabricated and hot iso-static pressing (HIP) processed specimens, which are made by an Arcam A1 EBM system. The Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy powder was used as a material for the 3 dimensional printing specimens. Mechanical properties were conducted with EBM manufacturing and computer numerical control (CNC) machining specimens, respectively. Surface morphological analysis was conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for their surface, dissected plan, and fractured surface after tensile test. The mechanical properties were included tensile stress-strain and nano-indentation test as a analysis level between nano and macro. As following highlighted results, the stress-strain curves on elastic region were almost similar between as fabricated and HIP processed while the ductile (plastic deformed region) properties were higher with HIP than that of as fabricated processed.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.334-338
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• 1999

p형 단결정 규소 웨이퍼를 불화수소 용액속에서 전류밀도와 양극반응 시간을 변화시켜 다공질규소를 제작하고, 그 질량을 측정한 후 이 값으로부터 다공도와 쪽거리(fractal) 차원을 계산하였다. 그 결과 양극반응 시간이 일정한 경우 다공도는 전류밀도에 비례하였다. 그리고 전류밀도가 일정한 경우 여러 양극반응 시간의 데이터로부터 얻은 쪽거리 차원은 일정하였다. 또한 쪽거리 차원은 불화수소의 농도 증가에 따라 감소하였다. 이같은 실험결과를 퍼짐한계침전(diffusion limited depostion) 모형으로 계산된 2차원 컴퓨터 시늉내기(simulation) 결과와 비교 분석하였다. 시늉내기 결과 다공도는 퍼짐거리에 비례하였으며, 쪽거리 차원은 퍼짐거리와 반비례하였다. 이때 퍼짐거리는 전류밀도에 비례하고 불화수소의 농도에 반비례하는 물리량이므로 정성적으로 실험결과와 일치하였다. 그러나 쪽거리 차원이 증가함에 따라 다공도가 감소되는 결과는 실험결과와 상반되었다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2017

A microstructure-dependent dynamic model for silicon nanobeams with axial motion is developed by considering the effects of nonlocal elasticity and surface energy. The nanobeam is considered to subject to both transverse and longitudinal loads arising from nanostructural surface effect and all positive directions of physical quantities are defined clearly prior to modeling so as to clarify the confusions of sign in governing equations of previous work. The nonlocal and surface effects are taken into consideration in the dynamic behaviors of silicon nanobeams with axial motion including circular natural frequency, vibration mode, transverse displacement and critical speed. Various supporting conditions are presented to investigate the circular frequencies by a numerical method and the effects of many variables such as nonlocal nanoscale, axial velocity and external loads on non-dimensional circular frequencies are addressed. It is found that both nonlocal and surface effects play remarkable roles on the dynamics of nanobeams with axial motion and cause the frequencies and critical speed to decrease compared with the classical continuum results. The comparisons of the non-dimensional calculation values by present and previous studies validate the correctness of the present work. Additionally, numerical examples for silicon nanobeams with axial motion are addressed to show the nonlocal and surface effects on circular frequencies intuitively. Results obtained in this paper are helpful for the design and optimization of nanobeam-like microstructures based sensors and oscillators at nanoscale with desired dynamic mechanical properties.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.282-287
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• 2019

The photovoltaic properties of $TiO_2$ used for the electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells(PSCs) are compared according to the particle size. The PSCs are fabricated and prepared by employing 20 nm and 30 nm $TiO_2$ as well as a 1:1 mixture of these particles. To analyze the microstructure and pores of each $TiO_2$ layer, a field emission scanning electron microscope and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) method are used. The absorbance and photovoltaic characteristic of the PSC device are examined over time using ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectroscopy and a solar simulator. The microstructural analysis shows that the $TiO_2$ shape and layer thicknesses are all similar, and the BET analysis results demonstrate that the size of $TiO_2$ and in surface pore size is very small. The results of the photovoltaic characterization show that the mean absorbance is similar, in a range of about 400-800 nm. However, the device employing 30 nm $TiO_2$ demonstrates the highest energy conversion efficiency(ECE) of 15.07 %. Furthermore, it is determined that all the ECEs decrease over time for the devices employing the respective types of $TiO_2$. Such differences in ECE based on particle size are due to differences in fill factor, which changes because of changes in interfacial resistance during electron movement owing to differences in the $TiO_2$ particle size, which is explained by a one-dimensional model of the electron path through various $TiO_2$ particles.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.459-467
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• 2022

Soft magnetic powder materials are used throughout industries such as motors and power converters. When manufacturing Fe-based soft magnetic composites, the size and shape of the soft magnetic powder and the microstructure in the powder are closely related to the magnetic properties. In this study, Fe-Si-Al-P alloy powders were manufactured using various manufacturing process parameter sets, and the process parameters of the vacuum induction melt gas atomization process were set as melt temperature, atomization gas pressure, and gas flow rate. Process variable data that records are converted into 6 types of data for each powder recovery section. Process variable data that recorded minute changes were converted into 6 types of data and used as input variables. As output variables, a total of 6 types were designated by measuring the particle size, flowability, apparent density, and sphericity of the manufactured powders according to the process variable conditions. The sensitivity of the input and output variables was analyzed through the Pearson correlation coefficient, and a total of 6 powder characteristics were analyzed by artificial neural network model. The prediction results were compared with the results through linear regression analysis and response surface methodology, respectively.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2011

유체를 포함하는 혼합 매질에서의 탄성파 고유 감쇠에 대한 다양한 메커니즘 중, 탄성파 전파 시 고체와 유체 사이에서의 상대적 운동은 가장 중요한 감쇠 메커니즘 중의 하나이다. 선행 연구에서는 얼음의 미세 공극 안에 존재하는 소금물이 초음파의 전파에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 얼음과 소금물이 공존하는 매질에서 초음파 전파 실험하였다. 부분적으로 동결된 소금물에서 각기 다른 온도에서의 초음파 감쇠의 물리적인 메커니즘을 350 ~ 600 kHz의 주파수 대역에서 규명하기 위하여, Biot 이론에 입각한 다공성의 탄생 모델을 도입하여 초음파의 전파를 측정하였다. 고체상은 얼음으로, 액체상은 소금물로 가정한 뒤 펄스 핵자기공명기술로 측정한 유체의 성질을 이용하여 각각의 온도에서의 공극률을 계산한 결과, 실험으로 측정한 감쇠값은 500 kHz에서 계산된 고유 감쇠값과 다르게 나타났으며 이는 squirt -flow 메커니즘과 파의 산란 효과와 같은 다른 감쇠 메커니즘도 고려해야 한다는 것을 의미한다.