• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.381-384
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• 2000

Relationships between biochemical phenomena and hemodynamics on human endothelial cells are very important to study the mechanism of atherosclerotic formation and development. The objective of this study is to investigate the flow phenomena around the endothelial cell model by the PIV experiment. The microscopic images of endothelial cells were acquired by a CCD camera to fabricate the shape of endothelial cell. The cell models were fabricated by using a photoforming process. Two consecutive particle images were captured by the CCD camera for the image processing. Conifer powder as the tracing particles was added to water to visualize the flow field. The cross-correlation method was applied fer the image processing of the flow visualization. Pressure and wall shear stress variations on the surfaces of the endothelial cells were calculated to investigate the effects of hemodynamic forces on the morphological changes.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2005

An experimental Investigation was performed to study the characteristics of Electro-Rheological fluid flow in a horizontal rectangular tube with or without D.C electric field control. First, the microscopic behavior of the ER suspension structure between rectangular tube brass electrodes for the stationary ER nut(i and flow of the ER fluid was investigated by flow visualization. The flow of the ER fluid between fluid rectangular tube was solved experimental using the constitutive equation for a Bingham fluid. ER fluid is made silicon oil mixed with $0.2wt\%$ starch having hydrous particles. Velocity distributions of the ER fluids were obtained by particle image velocimetry measuring those of the clusters using an image processing technique.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.677-680
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• 2007

To analyze a cotG-based Bacillus subtilis spore display system directly, $GFP_{UV}$ was expressed on the surface of Bacillus subtilis spores. When $GFP_{UV}$ was fused to the C-terminal of the cotG structural gene and expressed, the existence of a $CotG-GFP_{UV}$ fusion protein on the B. subtilis spore was confirmed by flow cytometry confocal microscopic analysis. When the cotG anchoring motif was deleted, no fluorescence emission was observed under flow cytometry and confocal microscopic analysis from the purified spore, confirming the essential role of CotG as an anchoring motif. This $GFP_{UV}$ displaying spore might be used for another signaling application triggered by intracellular or extracellular stimuli.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1597-1611
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• 2016

A numerical assessment using mesoscale-CFD (computational fluid dynamics) coupled A2C (atmosphere to CFD) model was carried out to analyze the variation of microscopic air flow pattern due to the construction of the Chilgok barrage in the Nakdong River. Scenarios with air flow patterns were classified into pre- and post-construction. The increased width of the river due to the construction of the Chilgok barrage induced obvious changes in moisture and the thermal environment around the river. However, air temperature variation was restricted within an area along the windward side in the numerical assessment. The impact of barrage construction on air temperature tends to be stronger during the nighttime than the daytime. It also stronger during the winter than the summer. In the simulation, the convergence of mesoscale wind is more pronounced after barrage construction than before. This is caused by the change of heat flux pattern induced by the widening of the river. Although this work is a case study with restricted atmospheric stability conditions that has several limitations in the numerical simulations, the impacts of the land-use changes brought about by the construction of the barrage in the river acceptable.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.7-20
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• 1992

The common cycle time for the linded signals is usually determined for the critical intersecion, just because the cpacity of a signalized intersection depends on the cycle time. This may not be optimal since the interactions between the flow and the spatial structure of the route or the area are disregarded in this case. It is common to separate the total delay incurred at signals into two parts, a deterministic or uniform delay and a stochastic or random delay. The deterministic delays and the stochastic delays on the artery particularly related to signal cycle time. For this purpose a microscopic simulation technique is used to evaluate deterministic delays, and a macroscopic simulation technique based on the principles of Markov chains is used to evaluate stochastic delays with over flow queue. As a result of investigating the relations between deterministic delays and cycle time in the various circumstances of spacing of signals and traffic volume. As for stochastic delays the resalts of comparisons of the macroscopic simulation and Newell's approximation with the microscopic simulation indicate that the former is valid for the degree of saturation less than 0.95 and the latter is for that above 0.95. Newell's argument that the total stochastic delay on an arterial is dominated by that at or caused by critical intersection is certified by the simulation experiments. The comprehensive analyses of the values of optimal cycle time with various conditions lead to a model. The cycle time determined by this model shows to be approximately 70% of that calculated by Webster's.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.212-219
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• 2006

The initial film flow development of the high-pressure swirl spray was investigated at different injector operating conditions to analyze film flow development and to provide the input data for the modeling works. This result can be also useful to verify the previously simulated results. The initial flow conditions such as liquid film thickness, flow angle and flow divergence are obtained by visualizing the inside and near the nozzle flow with a microscopic imaging system. The visualized images are quantified using an image processing tool. From the information of liquid film thickness and flow angle, the initial axial and tangential velocity and the swirl number of the swirl spray are successfully determined at various operating conditions. The experimental results showed that the initial liquid film thickness, flow angle and flow divergence are remained constant when the injection pressure is increased. However, initial film conditions are severely changed when the fuel temperature is increased. The swirl number remained constant when the injection pressure is increased while it showed increased value at high fuel temperature condition.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 1999년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.216-221
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• 1999

Electrorheological fluids (ERF) are suspensions which show an abrupt increase in rheological properties under electric fields. The rheological response is very rapid and reversible when the electric field is imposed and/or removed. Therefore, there are many practical applications using the ERF. The purpose of the present study is to examine the flow characteristics of ERF. First, the microscopic behavior of the ER suspension structure between two fixed parallel-plate brass electrodes applied dc high voltage for the stationary and flow of the ERF was investigated by flow visualization. The electrical and rheological properties of zeolite based ERF were reported.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2004년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.183-189
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• 2004

The flow and the heat transfer about the cross-flow fin-tube heat exchanger in an out-door unit of a heat pump system has been numerically Investigated. Using the general purpose analysis code, FLUENT, the Navier-Stokes equations and the energy equation are solved for the three dimensional computation domain that encompasses multiple rows of the fin-tube. The temperature on the fin and tube surface is assumed constant but compensated later through the fin efficiency when predicting the heat-transfer rate. The contact resistance is also taken into consideration. The flow and temperature fields for a wide range of inlet velocity and fin-tube arrangements are examined and the results are presented in the paper. The details of the flow are very well captured and the heat transfer rate for a range of inlet velocity is in excellent agreement with the measured data. The flow solution provides the effective permeability and the inertial resistance factor of the heat exchanger if the exchanger were to be approximated by the porous medium. This information is essential in carrying out the global flow field calculation which, in turn, provides the inlet velocity lot the microscopic temperature-field calculation of the heat exchanger unit.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 톨게이트에서 하이패스 전용차선 제한속도변경에 따른 톨게이트에서의 교통흐름의 변화와 이에 따른 환경오염에 대한 영향을 비교분석하였다. 톨게이트 시뮬레이션을 위해서 인천톨게이트 자료를 이용하였으며, 다양한 하이패스 전용차선 제한속도에 근거하여 시뮬레이션을 시행하였다. 미시적 시뮬레이션 분석을 위하여 본 연구에서는 Paramics가 사용되었다. 시뮬레이션 실행결과, 현재보다 높은 하이패스 제한속도 (70Km/h)가 기존제한속도 (30Km/h)에 비하여 톨게이트에서 교통류의 흐름에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 환경적으로도 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.109-125
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• 2004

교통량 등의 도로외적인 요인을 배제한 도로의 물리적 특성이 미치는 영향으로 인하여 운전자의 주행행태가 변하는 것을 자유속도의 예측을 통하여 파악할 수 있다. 또한, 예측된 자유속도는 도로설계의 적정성 평가와 교통류 시뮬레이션 프로그램의 차량속로 입력자료에 이용될 수 있다. 기존의 자유속도 예측모형들이 이용해오던 선형 및 다중회귀분석과 달리 본 연구에서는 비선형적인 특성의 표현이 가능하고 여러 가지 기술적인 응용에 통용되고 있는 인공신경망을 이용하여 자유속도를 예측하고자 하였다. 고속도로 기본구간중 단곡선부를 대상으로 수집된 속도자료를 이용하여, 도로설계요소 중에서 평면 종단선형을 고려하고 횡단면 구성 요소의 일부를 반영한 결과 95% 신뢰수준에서 통계적으로 유의한 자유속도 예측모형을 개발할 수 있었다. 모형의 곡선 시점 중점속도의 RMSE는 6.68, 10.06이고 $R^2$는 0.77, 0.65로 기존에 개발되어있는 모형들과 비교하여 우수한 모형으로 분석되었다. 모형은 곡선 시점 중점에서의 속도특성을 곡선반경 등의 평면선형요소와 종단선형 요소별로 도출할 수 있으며, 연구결과는 현재 기본구간에 설계요소와 무관하게 일률 적용되는 자유속도를 도로설계요소와 관련하여 현실적으로 세분화하여 이용할 수 있는 근거를 제시하고, 나아가 설계일관성평가와 교통류 시뮬레이션에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.