• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.31B no.11
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• pp.109-115
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• 1994

In this paper, we developed an analyzing method of the motional characteristics of sperm, using image processing technology. Without the aid of a dedicated image-processor, this processing of a personal computer(PC) and a simple image processing board. The image processing board is used for acquiring images from a microscopic imaging source. The PC processes the images from the board and computes the parameters of motional characteristics of sperms. The algorithm of the site detection of sperms and the 'Match Matrix Method' is noteworthy. After comparing the results of our method with those of the manual method, and with those of the method using a dedicated image-processor, we concluded that our method is useful and reliable.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.127-134
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• 2013

Baroque is fundamentally in contrast with renaissance style classicism, which attempted to fix a world view itself as the value of perpetuity. Furthermore, it is interpreted as a topic of incompletion or transformation that is not defined or is not exemplary and which may be enjoyed by people in the classical life, which requires a microscopic concept in contrast with dualism, the central axis of western civilization, namely, rational lucidity. Also, such characteristics are estimated to serve as a lubricant in life while going beyond the formal aesthetic level of art even from a contemporary perspective, and to play a productive role and to have potential. Consequently, this paper assumed that the concepts expressed by the 20th century US contemporary architect Richard Meier of a complex space, namely architectural formative vocabularies such as overlapping, interpenetration, collision, and collage style mixture created by a layered structure, in his architecture are in common with the double surface technique and juxtaposition of a flat structure of Baroque architecture. Then, the paper analyzed and considered the characteristics. The paper considered the following two issues: Such Baroque style formal principle is reinterpreted against a backdrop in which his architectural flow based on the domino theory of Le Corbusier became established as his own unique architectural feature, and it may be proposed as one big flow that enables us to seek again modernistic architecture that attempts to make an architectural space absolute as an atypical formal contour.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.42-49
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• 1988

Anatomical characteristics on abnormal type of bisected compression woods and light colored wood intervened between these dark colored compression woods on under part and their respective opposite woods on upper parts of cross section in Pinus densiflora S. et Z. stem were compared through optical microscopic investigation. and the obtained results were summarized as follows: 1. Tracheid length increased linearly as the number of rings from the pith increases in all investigated parts, but increasing tendency in tracheid length was similar within bisected two compression woods and their opposite woods. 2. Tracheids were the shortest in bisected two compression woods and tracheid length in intervened wood between these two compression woods was longer than in compression woods but shorter than in the opposite woods. 3. Bisected two compression woods and intervened wood between these two compression woods revealed similar features in tracheid transition from springwood to summerwood, intercellular space, tracheid entanglement, and cross sectional view of tracheid. but spiral check was observed only in these two compression woods, therefore the intervened wood between these two compression woods disclosed anatomical characteristics similar to, not typical of, compression woods.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.235-241
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• 2013

The tribological characteristics of dental metal alloys and zirconia were studied by carrying out a friction and wear performance test. In this study, a pin-on-disk-type tester was used and dead weight was employed as the normal load applied to the test specimen. The friction coefficient of dental metal alloys was investigated in terms of their weight and sliding velocity. Microscopic observations were carried out on worn surfaces of specimens. The results indicated that among all metal alloys, Super-A had the highest friction coefficient. Super-A had the lowest amount of wear among all metal alloys, and the amount of wear increased in the following order: Crown & Bridge, Porcelain, and Partial. Crown & Bridge had the best friction coefficient, but the hardness of Crown & Bridge was lower than that of Porcelain and Partial. Experimental measurement results indicated that the disk weight before and after the experiment was the same.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.15-19
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• 1999

Three wood coffins of Chosun Dynasty period buried about 450 years ago were excavated in the sound condition in Andong area in the early 1998. The proprietors of wood coffins were grandparents, Mr. Myoung Jong Lee and Mrs. Mun, and their grandson, Mr. Eung Tae Lee, and the social standing of their family was known to belong to the nobility in those days by the clan genealogy. All the wood coffins investigated through light microscopy had same anatomical characteristics as follows: abrupt to somewhat abrupt tracheid transition from earlywood to latewood; normal longitudinal and horizontal resin canals with thin-walled epithelium; tylosoids in resin canals; bordered pits frequently in 1 row on radial walls of tracheids; 1 or 2 window-like pits per cross-field; uniseriate and fusiform rays; heterogeneous rays composed of body ray parenchyma cells and marginal ray tracheids or homgeneous rays composed of only ray tracheids; dentate ray tracheids; occasional trabeculae traversing tracheids in radial direction. Based on theses microscopic characteristics, all the wood coffins were identified to be Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) or Korean black pine (Pinus thunbergii). Korean black pine growing naturally in coastal area might not be probable because the site of excavation, Andong area, was mountainous and inland area of Korea Thus, Korean red pine was thought to be the possible species for the wood coffins because of its natural distribution through the Korean Peninsula and the easy availability.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.542-557
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• 2019

The behavior of rock mass is influenced by its microscopic feature of internal structure generating from forming and metamorphic process. This study investigated a new methodology for characterization of rock based on the X-ray CT (computed tomography) images reflecting the spatial distribution characteristics of internal constituent materials. The X-ray image based analysis is capable of quantification of heterogeneity and anisotropy of rock fabric, size distribution and shape parameter analysis of rock mineral grains, fluid flow simulation based on pore geometry image and roughness evaluation of unexposed joint surface which are hardly acquired by conventional rock testing methods.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.101-116
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• 2008

The microscopic determination of air void characteristics in hardened concrete, defined in EN 480-11 as the linear-traverse method, is an extremely time-consuming and tedious task. Over past decades, several researchers have proposed relatively expensive mechanical automated systems which could replace the human operator in this procedure. Recently, the appearance of new high-resolution flatbed scanners has made it possible for the procedure to be automated in a fully-computerized and thus cost-effective way. The results of our work indicate the high sensitivity of such image analysis automated systems firstly to the quality of sample surface preparation, secondly to the selection of the air void threshold value, and finally to the selection of the probe system. However, it can be concluded that in case of careful validation and the use of the approach which is proposed in the paper, such automated systems can give very good estimate of the air void system parameters, defined in EN 480-11. The amount of time saved by using such a procedure is immense, and there is also the possibility of using alternative stereological methods to assess other, perhaps also important, characteristics of air void system in hardened concrete.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.47-53
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• 2005

This paper presents the effects of ambient pressure on atomization characteristics of high-Pressure injector in a direct injection gasoline engine both experimentally and numerically. The atomization characteristics such as mean droplet size, mean velocity, and velocity distribution were measured by phase Doppler particle analyzer. The spray development, spray penetration, and global spray structure were visualized using a shadowgraph technique. In order to investigate the atomization process numerically, the LISA-DDB hybrid model was utilized. This breakup model assumes that the primary breakup occurs when the amplitude of the unstable waves is equal to the radius of the ligament of liquid sheet near the nozzle and the droplet deformation induces the secondary breakup. The results provide the effect of ambient pressure on the macroscopic and microscopic behaviors such as spray development, spray penetration, mean droplet size, and mean velocity distribution. It is also revealed that the accuracy of prediction of LISA-DDB hybrid model is pretty good in terms of spray developing process, spray tip penetration, and SMD distribution.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.58-64
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• 1998

In the gasoline engine of fuel injection type, atomization of fuel droplet and its distribution has directly influenced the performance of engine and harmful emission. To investigate atomization characteristics of fuel spray, in this paper fuel spray of air-assisted injector is observed at the various initial conditions of ambient air temperature and air assisted pressure. Behavior of fuel spray is photographed with microscopic visualization system. The SMD of fuel droplet is measured with PMAS (Particle Motion Analysis System). The effect of air-assisted pressure and temperature of ambient air resulted in the decrement of SMD and its variation. Finally, It was found that It was found that from spray angle at the two-hole injector had measured $20{\pm}4$ degree the result of photographs by shadow graphy. The mean diameter of suns decreased and the of droplets increased with increasing the temperature in the spray fields by the results of PMAS measurement. It was found that the characteristics of sprays became finer by increasing the temperature of spray fields about 373K without the delivery of air-assistance.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 1996

This study analysed the transport properties of bladder mucosa known as the typical system of 'tight epithelia' by using TEM observation with both rapid freeze-fracture electron microscopy and thin-section method and mainly analysed the cellular characteristics of turtle bladder epithelial cells. The bladder epithelium, like other tight epithelia, consists of a heterogenous population of cells. The majority of the mucosal cells are the granular cells and may function primarily in the process of active $Na^+$ reabsorption in turtle bladder. The remaining two types of cells are rich in mitochondria and is believed to be res-ponsible for a single major transport system, namely, $H^+$ transport by A-type of cell and urinary $HCO_{3}^-$ secretion by B-type of cell. As viewed in freeze-fracture electron micrograph, the tight junctions form a continuous tight seal around the epithelial cells, thus restricting diffusion in tight epithelia. In addition, the apical surface membranes have a population of rod-shaped intramembranous particles (IMPs). It is believed that these IMPs probably represent the components of the proton pump. However, it is likely that these characteristics of the apical transporter remain to be clarified in tight epithelial cells.