• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1441-1446
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• 2007

본 연구는 서로 다른 상염색체에 위치하고 있는 초위성체유전 표지를 활용하여 제주마 집단의 타 품종과의 차별적 유전특성분석과 제주마 집단에서 활용할 수 있는 효율적인 개체 식별 시스템 설정을 위해 수행되었다. 공시재료로서는 5품종에서 총 191두가 사용되었으며 13종의 좌위에 대한 개체별 유전자형을 분석하였다. 이들 13종에서 출현된 총 대립 유전자수는 제주마의 경우 155종이 나타났다. 한국 제주마 집단에서 나타난 평균 이형접합도는 0.317-0.902였으며 marker 다형성 정보량은 0.498-0.799로 나타났다. 제주마 집단에서 나타난 대립 유전자 발현 특성은 다른 외래 품종 집단과 매우 상이한 결과를 나타냈다. ATH4 좌위의 경우 제주마 집단에서는 5종의 대립 유전자가 고른 분포를 나타낸 반면 QUA종의 경우와 THO종집단에서 특정 좌위의 극단적 발현 빈도를 나타냈다. 품종특이성을 나타내는 분자표지의 대립유전자 발현양상이 확인되었으며 이러한 품종특이성 발현 분자표지는 집단 내 개체에 대한 품종식별 유전자표지로 활용이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 9종의 초위성체 유전 표지를 활용할 경우 누적 개체 식별력은 99.9%를 나타냈으며 두 마리의 서로 다른 개체가 서로 같은 유전자형을 가질 짝확률은 $0.60\;{\times}\;10^{10}$으로 추정되었다. 따라서 9종의 선정된 유전표지는 제주마 품종 집단에서 적정 신뢰도를 제공할 수 있는 개체 식별 시스템을 설정할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2019

Objective: At least eight local duck breeds have been recognized and documented as national germplasm of Indonesia so far. It is necessary to genetically characterize the local duck breeds for aiding conservation and future improvement strategies. Thus, this study was carried out to assess genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of eight local duck populations of Indonesia using microsatellite markers. Methods: In total, 240 individuals (30 individuals each population) from Alabio (AL), Bayang (BY), Magelang (MG), Mojosari (MJ), Pegagan (PG), Pitalah (PT), Rambon (RM), and Turi (TR) duck populations were genotyped using 22 microsatellite markers. Results: The results showed a moderate level of genetic diversity among populations, with a total of 153 alleles detected over all loci and populations, ranging from 3 to 22 alleles per locus. Observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He), as well as polymorphism information content over all loci and populations were 0.440, 0.566, and 0.513, respectively. Heterozygote deficiency in the overall populations ($F_{IT}=0.237$), was partly due to the heterozygote deficiency within populations ($F_{IS}=0.114$) and moderate level of genetic differentiation among populations ($F_{ST}=0.137$). The most diverse population was MG (He = 0.545) and the least diverse population was AL (He = 0.368). The majority of populations were relatively in heterozygote deficiency (except AL), due to inbreeding. The genetic distances, phylogenetic trees, and principal coordinates analysis concluded that the populations can be grouped into two major clusters, resulting AL, MG, and MJ in one cluster separated from the remaining populations. Conclusion: The present study revealed a considerable genetic diversity of studied populations and thus, proper management strategies should be applied to preserve genetic diversity and prevent loss of alleles.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.721-727
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• 2013

본 연구는 microsatellite 마커를 이용하여 국립종자원 서부지원에 수집된 사과 42품종에 대한 품종 간 유전적 유연관계를 분석하였다. 사과 품종식별에 적합한 마커를 선정하기 위하여 8개 품종을 대상으로 총 305개의 마커를 분석하였다. 8개 품종 간에 다형성이 높고, 반복간 재현성이 있으며 밴드패턴이 선명한 26개의 마커를 최종 선발하여 42품종을 대상으로 분석하였을 때 총 165개의 대립유전자가 분석되었다. 대립유전자의 수의 분포는 2~12개를 나타내었으며, 마커당 평균 대립유전자의 수는 6.4개로 조사되었다. PIC 값은 0.461~0.849의 범위에 속하였으며 평균값은 0.665로 나타났다. 165개의 대립유전자를 Jaccard 방법에 의해 유사도를 산출하고 비가중 산술방식에 의해 집괴 분석한 결과 공시품종의 유전적 거리는 0.27~1.00의 범위를 나타내었고, 총 42품종 중 41품종은 microsatellite 마커의 유전자형에 의해 구분되었다. 본 연구결과는 사과 품종의 식별을 위한 분자생물학적 자료로 유용하게 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1535-1539
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• 2003

Four microsatellite DNA loci BM1818, BM1258, BM1443 and BM1905 associated with the somatic cell counts (SCC) in cow milk were analyzed for genetic variation in 240 Beijing Holstein cows. The PCR amplified products of microsatellites DNA were detected by non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The number of alleles for BM1818, BM1258, BM1443 and BM1905 were 4, 5, 8 and 6 in Beijing Holstein cows, respectively. The allele size ranges for BM1818, BM1258, BM1443 and BM1905 were 274 bp to 286 bp, 92 bp to 106 bp, 154 bp to 170 bp and 187 bp to 201 bp, respectively. The polymorphism information content/effective number of alleles/heterozygosity for BM1818, BM1258, BM1443 and BM1905 were 0.3869/1.7693/0.4348, 0.5923/2.9121/0.6566, 0.7114/3.9012/0.7437 and 0.5921/2.8244/0.6459. These data showed the microsatellite DNA locus BM1443 has the highest variability, followed by BM1258, BM1905 and BM1818. The results of the least squares means analysis showed as follows: the least squares mean of SCC for BM1818 284 bp/284 bp was significantly lower than that for BM1818 286 bp/286 bp (p<0.05). The least squares mean of SCC for BM1258 100 bp/100 bp was significantly lower than that for BM1258 102 bp/102 bp, 106 bp/106 bp, 106 bp/104 bp, 106 bp/102 bp, 106 bp/100 bp, 104 bp/100 bp (p<0.05). The least squares mean of SCC for BM1443 166 bp/160 bp and 166 bp/166 bp was significantly lower than that for BM1443 170 bp/160 bp, 160 bp/157 bp, 165 bp/160 bp (p<0.05). The least squares mean of SCC for BM1905 187 bp/187 bp was significantly lower than that for BM1905 197 bp/195 bp, 193 bp/187 bp (p<0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.947-953
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• 2008

We studied genetic diversity and relationships among Mongolian goat populations on the basis of microsatellite DNA polymorphisms. DNA samples from eight populations (Bayandelger, Ulgii Red, Zavkhan Buural, Sumber, Zalaajinst White, Erchim Black, Dorgon, and Gobi Gurvan Saikhan) from geographically distinct areas of Mongolia were analyzed by using 10 microsatellite DNA markers. Since the 10 markers were highly polymorphic, the genetic characteristics of these native goat populations could be estimated. Genetic diversity within populations, as estimated by the expected heterozygosities, was high, ranging from 0.719 to 0.746, but genetic differentiation between populations was low, representing only 1.7% of the total genetic variation. The results suggest that Mongolian native goat populations still have a semi-wild genetic structure reflecting traditional Mongolian nomadism and the short history of artificial selection. The genetic relationships among the populations were not clear in the neighbor-joining tree generated from the modified Cavalli-Sforza chord genetic distances. By using principal components analysis, the five core populations of Mongolian native goats (Bayandelger, Ulgii Red, Zavkhan Buural, Sumber, and Dorgon) and the populations crossed with Russian breeds (Zalaajinst White, Erchim Black, and Gobi Gurvan Saikhan) were distinguished. There was no correlation between genetic relationships among the populations and the geographical distribution of the populations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.755-761
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• 2005

Blood samples were collected from eight native Japanese breeds of chickens (Miyadi-dori, Ohiki, Onaga-dori, Shoukoku, Tosa-Jidori, Tosa-Kukin, Toutenkou and Uzurao) and two foreign breeds of chickens (White Leghorn and Rhode Island Red) to examine the genetic variability and relationships among the breeds by using a microsatellite DNA technique. Except for the Shoukoku breed, the other Japanese chicken breeds all originate from Kochi Prefecture. Ohiki, Onaga-dori, Tosa-Jidori, Toutenkou and Uzurao are fancy fowl, and Miyadi-dori and Tosa-Kukin are utility fowl. Among the fancy fowl, Ohiki, Onaga-dori, and Toutenkou males have thick and long feathers in the saddle and tail. Genetic variabilities of the 20 microsatellites examined, varied depending on the breed: the mean number of alleles per locus ranged from 2.05 (Miyadi-dori) to 3.90 (Rhode Island Red); proportion of polymorphic loci ranged from 0.75 (Miyadi-dori) to 1.00 (Rhode Island Red, Shoukoku and Uzurao); and mean expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.330 (Miyadi-dori) to 0.607 (Rhode Island Red). Unique microsatellite alleles were detected in each breed. Using the neighbour-joining method, phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the genetic distances of D$_{A}$ and D$_{ST}$. Among the breeds originating from Kochi Prefecture, fancy and utility breeds belonged to different clusters. Among the fancy breeds, those having thick and long feathers in the tail and saddle showed a close genetic relationship to the Shoukoku breed, which also has thick and long feathers in the tail and saddle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1369-1378
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• 2006

This is the first study in which genetic variability and relationships of a large number of Japanese chicken breeds were revealed along with those of several foreign breeds by using microsatellite DNA polymorphisms. Twenty-eight breeds (34 populations) of native Japanese chickens and seven foreign breeds or varieties were analyzed. The mean number of alleles per locus, the proportion of the polymorphic loci, and the expected average heterozygosity ranged from 1.75 to 4.70, from 0.55 to 1.00, and from 0.21 to 0.67, respectively. Microsatellite alleles being unique to a particular population were detected in some populations. The $D_A$ genetic distance between populations was obtained from allele frequency for every pair of the populations to construct a neighbor-joining tree. According to the phylogenetic tree, excluding a few exceptions, native Japanese chicken breeds and foreign breeds were clearly separated from each other. Furthermore, the tree topology divided native Japanese chickens into four main classes, which was almost in accordance with the classification based on body morphology; that is, (1) Cochin type, (2) Malay type, (3) layer type, and (4) intermediate type between Malay and layer types. This is the first finding for native Japanese chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.620-625
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• 2005

Correlation of microsatellite heterozygosity with performance or heterosis was reported in wild animal populations and domestic animal populations, but the correlation with heterosis in a crossbreeding F$_1$ pig population remained uncertain. To explore this, we had random selected and mated Yorkshire${\times}$Meishan (F, n = 82) and their reciprocal (G, n = 47) to F$_1$, and used the two straightbreds as control groups (Yorkshire = 34, Meishan = 55), and observed the heterosis of birth weight (BWT), average daily gain (ADG) and feed and meat ratio (FMR). Two Kinds of measurement-individual heterozygosity (IH) and individual mean d$^2$ (lg value, ID) were used as index of heterozygosity and variance from 39 microsatellite marker loci to perform univariate regression analysis against heterosis. We detected significant correlation of IH with BWT in all of F$_1$ (F+G) and in F. We observed significant correlation of ID with ADG in all of F$_1$ (F+G), and with FMR in all of F$_1$ (F+G) and in F. There was significant maternal effect on heterosis, which was indicated by significant difference of means and distribution of heterosis between F and G. This difference was consistent with distributions of IH and ID, and with difference of means in F and G. From this study, it would be suggested that the two kinds of genetic index could be used to explore the genetic basis of heterosis in crossbreeding populations but could not determine which is better.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2008

Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSR) are widely distributed in eukaryotic genomes and are informative genetic markers. Despite many advantages of SSR markers such as a high degree of allelic polymorphisms, co-dominant inheritance, multi-allelism, and genome-wide coverage in various plant species, they also have shortcomings such as low polymorphic rates between genetically close lines, especially in Capsicum annuum. We developed an alternative technique to SSR by normalizing and alternating anchored primers in random amplified microsatellite polymorphisms (RAMP). This technique, designated reverse random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (rRAMP), allows the detection of nucleotide variation in the 3' region flanking an SSR using normalized anchored and random primer combinations. The reproducibility and frequency of polymorphic loci in rRAMP was vigorously enhanced by translocation of the 5' anchor of repeat sequences to the 3' end position and selective use of moderate arbitrary primers. In our study, the PCR banding pattern of rRAMP was highly dependent on the frequency of repeat motifs and primer combinations with random primers. Linkage analysis showed that rRAMP markers were well scattered on an intra-specific pepper map. Based on these results, we suggest that this technique is useful for studying genetic diversity, molecular fingerprinting, and rapidly constructing molecular maps for diverse plant species.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.189-199
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• 2019

In this research, the relationships among the 31 microsatellite markers with charcoal rot disease resistance related indices in 130 different soybean cultivars and lines were evaluated using association analysis based on the general linear model (GLM) and the mixed linear model (MLM) by the Structure and Tassel software. The results of microsatellite markers showed that the genetic structure of the studied population has three subpopulations (K=3) which the results of bar plat also confirmed it. In association analysis based on GLM and MLM models, 31 and 35 loci showed significant relationships with the evaluated traits, respectively, and confirmed considerable variation of the studied traits. The identified markers related to some of the studied traits were the same which can probably be due to pleiotropic effects or tight linkage among the genomic regions controlling these traits. Some of these relationships were including, the relationship between Sat_252 marker with amount of charcoal rot disease, Satt359, Satt190 and Sat_169 markers with number of microsclerota in stem, amount of charcoal rot disease and severity of charcoal rot disease, Sat_416 marker with number of microsclerota in stem and amount of charcoal rot disease and the Satt460 marker with number of microsclerota in stem and severity of charcoal rot disease. The results of this research and the linked microsatellite markers with the charcoal rot disease-related characteristics can be used to identify the suitable parents and to improve the soybean population in future breeding programs.