• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.281-288
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• 2023

This study was performed to evaluate the pollutants removal characteristics of two types of RBFs(Riverbank filtration, Riverbed filtration) intake facilities installed in Nakdong River and in Hwang River respectively. The capacity of each RBF is 45,000 m³/d for riverbank filtration intake facility and 3,500 m³/d for riverbed filtration intake facility. According to data collected in the riverbank filtration site, removal rate of each pollutant was about BOD(Biochemical Oxygen Demand) 52%, TOC(Total Organic Carbon) 57%, SS(Suspended Solids) 44%, Total coliforms 99% correspondingly. Furthermore, Microcystins(-LR,-YR,-RR) were not found in riverbank filtered water compared to surface water in Nakdong River. DOC(Dissolved Organic Carbon) and Humics which are precursors of disinfection byproduct were also reported to be removed about 59% for DOC, 65% for Humics. Based on data analysis in riverbed filtration site in Hwang River, removal rate of each contaminant reaches to BOD 33.3%, TOC 38.5%, SS 38.9%, DOC 22.2%, UV254 21.2%, Total coliforms 73.8% respectively. Additionally, microplastics were also inspected that there was no obvious removal rate in riverbed filtered water compared to surface water in Hwang River.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2022

Climate change due to global warming is affecting the global environment. The fishery industry is highly dependent on the natural environment, so the fishery industry is increasingly volatile due to the rapidly changing climate change. At the same time, consumers' anxiety due to marine pollution such as microplastics, radioactivity, and heavy metals are increasing. Accordingly, cell-based seafood are being proposed as an alternative for the sustainable use of seafood resources. Cell-based seafood manufactured through a process of differentiation and proliferation using cells isolated from actual seafood and cell, scaffold, media, and bioreactor technologies are organically connected to each other. This review summarizes the latest research status of cell-based seafood. Based on this, suggests a development direction for cell-based seafood to properly settle in the future market.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.486-486
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• 2022

미세플라스틱은 해양, 육상, 담수 및 대기환경에서 광범위하게 검출되고 있고 미세플라스틱에 대한 사람들의 우려가 커지고 있다. 담수환경에서의 미세플라스틱의 이동, 분포, 축척에 대한 연구는 해양환경에 비해 한정적으로 이루어지며, 하천은 종종 내륙에서 해양으로 미세플라스틱을 운반하는 경로로만 고려된다. 추후의 미세플라스틱의 저감정책 수립이나 이행에 있어서 미세플라스틱의 거동파악은 우선적으로 이루어져야한다. 따라서 오염의 생성에 영향을 미치는 유역의 작용을 가장 잘 표현하고, 단순히 전체의 상태를 설명하기보다는 인과관계를 밝히는 데에는 모델이 적합하다. 기후, 표면 유출, 토양이나 영양물질을 비롯한 오염물질의 부하 등을 잘 표현하고 수체 내부에서의 수질까지 동시에 시뮬레이션 가능한 기존의 잘 개발된 유역 모델의 주요 변수들은 미세플라스틱의 하천에서의 거동을 모의할 수 있다. 그 예로서 본 연구에서 HSPF의 유사(Sediment) 컴포넌트를 수정하여, 유역모델을 활용한 미세플라스틱 거동 모의 가능성을 입증하려고 한다.

• Prospectives of Industrial Chemistry
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

미세플라스틱은 5 mm 이하의 작은 플라스틱 입자를 말하며, 그 축적에 따른 환경적 문제가 커지면서 현재 심각한 사회문제가 되고 있다. 미세플라스틱은 해양으로 유입되어 해양생물계의 내분비계 교란물질로 작용하며 생태계를 교란시키고 종국에는 먹이사슬의 끝인 인류에게 큰 위험으로 다가오고 있다. 미세플라스틱에 대한 사회적 이슈가 높아지고 있는 현 시점에서 이들 문제점을 제대로 인식하고 해결방안을 모색할 필요성이 있다. 본 총설에서는 미세플라스틱의 현황과 해양생태계와 인체에 미치는 영향 그리고 미세플라스틱 검출법과 제거를 위한 정책과 연구 동향에 대해서 논의하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.344-353
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• 2021

Juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (mean weight 66.7±7.1 g; mean length 19.2±0.9 cm) in a bio-floc environment were exposed to microplastic (PE: polyethylene, size 40-48 ㎛) at 0, 4, 20, 100, 500 and 2,500 mg L^-1 for 96 hours. No P. olivaceus deaths were observed following microplastic exposure. In the plasma components, calcium was significantly decreased whereas there was no significant change with magnesium following microplastic exposure. Glucose was significantly decreased with over 100mg L^-1 at 48 hours and 20mg L^-1 at 96 hours. Cholesterol was significantly decreased with over 20mg L^-1 after 48 hours, whereas there was no significant change in the total protein content. In enzymatic plasma components, the AST(Aspartate aminotransferase) was significant decreased by microplastic exposure. The results of this study indicate that acute exposure to microplastic induces blood physiological changes in P. olivaceus.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.265-275
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• 2021

Findings of microplastics and nanoplastics from diverse natural environments have increased demand for research of the fate and transport of the potentially toxic plastic particles in soils and groundwater. Weathering of microplastics would generate a significant amount of nanoplastics, but nanoplastics research is scarce because of technical difficulties in detecting nanoplastics in environments and analyzing nanoplastics adsorption to mineral surfaces. In the current study, we tested a possibility using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) for application to nanoplastics adsorption analysis on mineral surfaces. In silica (SiO₂)-packed column experiments, a measurable adsorption capacity for polystyrene nanoparticles often requires injection of unrealistically high ionic strengths or concentrated nanoplastic particles. The current test shows that QCM can measure polystyrene nanoplastics adsorbed onto SiO₂ surface under the low ionic strengths and nanoplastics concentrations, where typical column experiments cannot. QCM is a promising tool for understanding the interaction between nanoplastics and mineral surfaces and thus transport of nanoplastics in soils and groundwater.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2023

Background: The existing research results on the combined toxicity of these pollutants using mammals, such as rodents, are insufficient, especially in relation to changes in the immune system. Objectives: This study aims at evaluating the cellular immune response to PE-MPs solely or when combined with Pb, which possess excellent adsorption capacity with PE-MPs and is commonly co-exposed in our daily lives. Methods: The study investigated the cellular immune function of 9-week ICR mice with 28 days exposure to PE-MPs (2 mg/mouse/day) and Pb (0.1 mM in distilled water) individually and in combination. PE-MPs were administered via gastric intubation while the lead intake was conducted via the oral drinking water route. Cellular immunity was evaluated by analyzing the production for T_H1 cytokines namely, TNF-α and IFN-𝛾 and T_H2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-6 in culture supernatants from polyclonally activated splenic mononuclear cells ex vivo. Results: Both the PE-MPs only and the PE-MPs+Pb exposure group revealed an increased T_H1 response with elevated TNF-α and IFN-𝛾 levels and downregulated T_H2 response with low IL-4, and IL-6 production levels compared to the control group. Furthermore, an increased IFN-𝛾/IL-4 ratio was found in the PE-MPs only and PE-MPs+Pb exposure groups, which indicated the skewedness to T_H1 response. Meanwhile, reduced blood hemoglobin levels and increased levels of IL-4, the dominant T_H2 cytokine in the Pb-only exposure group, were observed. Conclusions: Our current findings on the predominance of T_H1 immune response in the PE-MPs and PE-MPs+Pb groups suggest that PE-MPs could be responsible for the predominant induction of the cellular immune changes. This finding could be used as an important landmark in research related to T_H1 predominance, such as autoimmune diseases. It suggests that additional research on immune modulation using longer exposure durations or the same exposure route is required to elucidate stronger findings.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2024

The present study was aimed to evaluate the removal of the trace pollutants (heavy metals and microplastics) in the sewage treatment plant by using the jellyfish Extract at Immunity reaction (JEI) of Aurelia coerulea. The experiment was conducted on two different scales: the lab scale using a Jar-tester and the Pilot system scale equipped with two newly developed devices in the laboratory, the active tube connection mixed system and the concentration integrated separation device. Compared to anionic polymers currently used in the field, JEI showed similar or higher efficiency to remove the trace pollutants. When JEI was added to the effluent through the Pilot system, the combination of JEI and the trace pollutants was maximized through two mixing processes, and as a result, the removal rate of the trace pollutants was greatly improved. Based on these results, we propose the present technology as an alternative to removing trace pollutants that can reduce ecosystem risk and minimize the generation of inorganic waste, away from the existing method.

• Clean Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2024

Nanoplastics (NP) exhibit distinct material properties compared to microplastics (MP), necessitating their separate recognition. Review of research outcomes and policy documents on NP reveals that most policy frameworks predominantly define MPs as solid synthetic polymer materials measuring 5 mm or less, but do not distinguish them from NP. However, recent revisions in regulations by the EU classify NPs as particles that range in size from 1 to 1,000 nm, as confirmed by some academic studies. Research on NPs often relies on experimental investigations centered around water systems, with a focus on high-concentration experimental conditions using spherical polystyrene-based NPs in behavior and impact studies. Notably, the environmental behavior characteristics of NP show differences in influence depending on the NP type, emphasizing the need for field simulation research. These challenges are mirrored in Korean society, so it is necessary to redefine NP to be distinct from MP in both research and policy. This study aimed to assess the current state of NP management globally and domestically and highlight policy considerations and issues in the existing response to NP. Upon comprehensive review, it becomes apparent that reaching an international agreement on MP faces methodological limitations, which could potentially burden efforts to precisely define NP size. Therefore, referencing the EU's recent regulatory revisions is crucial in domestic policy. Specific adjustments should commence from the MP concept through insights from the domestic industry, guidance from the academic community, and thorough discussions to ensure social acceptance.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the contamination level of micro plastics in Korean mackerel and to investigate the detection method of micro plastics in fish. This study analyzed the detection and composition of micro plastics using natural mackerel and wild mackerel. 30% hydrogen peroxide and surfactant were added to GF/C filter paper in order to detect micro plastics in the sea. If micro plastics are exposed to the ocean for a long time, accumulation of heavy metals in the water will make pollutant bioaccumulation more serious. Microscopic consequences The risk to human health of plastics has already been studied by many researchers and the risks to human health already caused by marine microorganisms and zooplankton are becoming clear. The conclusion of this study is that there is a difference between the length and height of the mackerel when it is cooked from the standpoint of food in terms of practical implications. The conclusion of this study is that the probability of micro-plastic-contaminated mackerel to reach and be consumed by end-consumers is low in academic implications. Residual contaminants adsorbed on micro plastics are absorbed by digestive organs and cause disruption, and further research on micro plastics is needed in the future.