• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2001

Kimchi is a major Korean traditional fermented food, as a supplying source of vitamin and minerals which is prepared with various vegetables and condiments such as red pepper, garlic and salted fish etc. There are many types of Kimchi depending on the ingredients and preparation methods used. To investigate the clastogenicity and anticlastogenicity of Baechu (Chinese cabbage) Kimchi and Buchu (leek, Allium odorum) Kimchi in mouse, it was performed acridine orange supravital staining of micronucleus (AOSS-MN) assay using mouse peripheral reticulocytes. Baechu Kimchi and Buchu Kimchi were cultivated by organic agricultural technique, and Kimchi samples were prepared by methanol extraction and lyophilization. First of all, it was studied the clastogenicity of two Kimchi samples themselves (250-1,000 mg/kg) after oral adminstration in mouse. And also to study the anticlastogenic effect of oral administration of Kimchi samples, mitomycin C (MMC, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as micronucleus inducing agent in this study. Dosing scheme was performed as simultaneous (co-treatment), 3 hr before (pre-treatment) and 3 hr after (post-treatment) with MMC treatment. Two Kimchi samples in the range of 250-1,000 mg/kg did not reveal any clastogenic effect in AOSS-MN assay in mouse. They also revealed anticlastogenic effects in post-treatment of Baechu Kimchi (1,000 mg/kg), and in pre-treatment of Buchu Kimchi (500 and 1,000 mg/kg) with statistical significance. The anticlastogenic effect revealed 1 and 6 hr after treatment of Baechu Kimchi, and Buchu Kimchi with 3 and 6 hr pretreatment. Consequently, it is suggested that antimutagenic and anticlastogenic mechanisms of Baechu and Buchu Kimchi in vivo attributed to sipindle formation and kinetic behavior of mutagens such as absorption and metabolism etc.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.248-254
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• 2000

(R)-JG-381, a R form of alkylglycidic acid derivative, was examined for mutagenicity in the reverse mutation test on bacteria, chromosomal aberration test on cultured mammalian cells and micronucleus test in mice. In the reverse mutation test on bacteria using Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535, TA1537 with or without a metabolic activation system (S9 mix), (R)-JG-381 did not affect the revertant colonies but significantly increased revertant colonies in one test strain, TA98, compared with the vehicle control. In the chromosomal aberration (CA) test using cultured Chinese Hamster Lung fibroblast(CHL) cells, the number of aberrant cells was clot increased in the presence or absence of 59 mix at concentration of the (R)-JG-381 0.025 $\mu$l/m1 to 0.1 $\mu$l/m1, compared with vehicle control. In the micronucleus (MN) test, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the (R)-JG-381-treated mice were not different from those of the vehicle-treated mice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6955-6960
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• 2014

Background: The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is a standard cytogenetic tool employed to evaluate chromosomal damage subsequent to pesticide exposure. Objectives: To evaluate the pooled levels of total micronuclei (MN) and binucleated cells with micronuclei (MNC) in 1000 binucleated lymphocytes among population occupationally exposed to pesticides and further determine the more sensitive biomarker of CBMN. Materials and Methods: A meta-analysis on the pooled levels of MN and MNC in binucleated lymphocytes among occupationally pesticide-exposed populations was conducted using STATA 10.0 software and Review Manager 5.0.24 in this study. Results: We found significant differences in frequencies of MN and MNC in 1000 binucleated lymphocytes between pesticide-exposed groups and controls, and the summary estimates of weighted mean difference were 6.82 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 4.86-8.78] and 5.08 (95% CI: 2.93-7.23), respectively. However, when we conducted sensitivity analyses further, only the MN remained statistically different, but not the MNC, the summary estimates of weight mean difference were 2.86 (95% CI: 2.51-3.21) and 0.50 (95% CI: -0.16-1.17), respectively. We also observed pesticide-exposed subjects had significantly higher MN frequencies than controls among smokers and nonsmokers, male and female populations, and American, Asian and European countries in stratified analyses. Conclusions: The frequency of MN in peripheral blood lymphocytes might be a more sensitive indicator of early genetic effects than MNC using the CBMN assay for occupationally pesticide-exposed populations.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제28권
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• pp.3.1-3.8
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• 2013

Objectives We investigated the genotoxic effects of 40-59 nm silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) by bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test), in vitro comet assay and micronucleus (MN) assay. In particular, we directly compared the effect of cytochalasin B (cytoB) and rat liver homogenate (S9 mix) in the formation of MN by Ag-NPs. Methods Before testing, we confirmed that Ag-NPs were completely dispersed in the experimental medium by sonication (three times in 1 minute) and filtration ($0.2{\mu}m$ pore size filter), and then we measured their size in a zeta potential analyzer. After that the genotoxicity were measured and especially, S9 mix and with and without cytoB were compared one another in MN assay. Results Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 strains revealed that Ag-NPs with or without S9 mix did not display a mutagenic effect. The genotoxicity of Ag-NPs was also evaluated in a mammalian cell system using Chinese hamster ovary cells. The results revealed that Ag-NPs stimulated DNA breakage and MN formation with or without S9 mix in a dose-dependent manner (from $0.01{\mu}g/mL$ to $10{\mu}g/mL$). In particular, MN induction was affected by cytoB. Conclusions All of our findings, with the exception of the Ames test results, indicate that Ag-NPs show genotoxic effects in mammalian cell system. In addition, present study suggests the potential error due to use of cytoB in genotoxic test of nanoparticles.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2014

Objective: This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of fixed orthodontic treatment with three different light-cured orthodontic bonding composites by analyzing micronucleus (MN) formation in the buccal mucosa during a 6-month period. Methods: Thirty healthy volunteers were selected from consecutive patients referred for orthodontic treatment. Equilibrium 2 brackets and molar tubes (Dentaurum) were bonded with three different lightcured orthodontic bonding composites-Transbond XT (3M Unitek), Kurasper F (Kuraray Europe), or GrenGloo (Ormco Corporation)- to all teeth in both arches. Exfoliated buccal epithelial cells were scraped from the middle part of the inner cheeks with sterile cement spatulas before treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. MNs and nuclear alterations, such as karyorrhexis (KR), karyolysis (KL), and binucleated cells (BNs), were scored under a light microscope. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to calculate statistical differences in degenerative nuclear abnormalities. Results: MN rates did not significantly differ among different time points within the same cell type (p > 0.05). In contrast, the number of BNs in buccal epithelial cells significantly increased in all composite groups (p < 0.01, Transbond XT; p < 0.001, Kurasper F and GrenGloo). KL frequency significantly increased between the beginning and end of the study in the Kurasfer F ($0.80{\pm}0.79$ to $1.90{\pm}1.10$; p < 0.05) and GrenGloo ($1.30{\pm}1.06$ to $2.40{\pm}1.08$; p < 0.05) groups. Conclusions: After 6 months of fixed orthodontic treatment with different light-cured composites, morphological signs of cytotoxicity were observed but genotoxic effects were absent.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2004

Cytogenetic and hematological analysis was performed in peripheral blood of cattle in the vicinity of Uljin nuclear power station and control area. The frequency of micronuclei(MN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes from cattle was used as a biomarker of radiobiological effects resulting from exposure to environmental radiation. An estimated dose of radiation was calculated by a best fitting linear-quadratic model based on the radiation-induced MN formation from the bovine lymphocytes exposed in vitro to radiation over the range from 0 Gy to 4 Gy. MN ratio in lymphocytes of cattle from Uljin nuclear power station and control area were 8.90/1,000 and 9.60/1,000, respectively. There were no significant differences in MN frequencies and hematological values in cattle between Uljin and control area.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2004

Although 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD) is a powerful carcinogen in several species, limited model system exist to study carcinogenicity of this compound at cellular level. To enhance our under-standing of carcinogenicity of TCDD at cellular level, we investigated micronucleus (MN) frequency as a index of genetic toxicity and whether TCDD can transform the human cells in culture. Normal human cell lines, skin keratinocyte HaCaT, Chang liver and breast MCF10A cells were used. TCDD did not affect the cell viability of the Chang liver, HaCaT and MCF10A cells. The frequency of micronucleus was increased after treatment of TCDD for 24hr in Chang liver and HaCaT cells, but not changed in MCF10A cells. And we observed putative transformed cells in Chang liver cells exposed to 1 $\mu$M TCDD for 2 weeks. The putative transformed cells were also observed in HaCaT cells with subsequent exposure to TCDD (0.1, 1, 10, 100 nM) for 2 weeks after initial exposure to MNNG, but not observed in MCF10A cells. Collectively, these results indicate that the ability of TCDD to induce micronuclei may be involved in cellular transformation of Chang liver and HaCaT cells. Our putative TCDD-transformed cells of Chang liver and HaCaT are expected to provide a clue to the elucidation of TCDD-induced transformation pathway.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.614-622
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• 1999

The standard operation procedure of mouse lymphoma L5178Y $tk^{+/-}-3.7.2C$ gene mutation assay (MOLY) has been regarded as a sensitive in vitro mammalian cell gene mutation assay that is capable of detecting clastogens as well as mutagens. Using MOLY, one of natural sweetner, stevioside (5mg/ml) and its aglycon, steviol ($340{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$) were evaluated the mutagenicity. Stevioside and steviol did not induce mutagenicity in MOLY. On the other hand, stevioside (250mg/kg, B.W.) and steviol (200mg/kg, B.W.) were also evaluated their ability to induce micronuclei in regenerating hepatocytes and bone marrow cells of ddY mice. From these results, stevioside and steviol did not induce any mutagenic effect both MOLY and in vivo micronucleus test.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
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• pp.134-134
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• 2002

In order to investigate whether genetic polymorphisms in the mEH exon3 (Tyr139His), exon4 (His113Arg) interact with the formation of MN in benzene exposed workers, the PCR-RFLP based genotyping of 76 exposed and 115 controls were performed and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) analysis of 56 exposed and 53 controls was employed.(omitted)

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2012

In this research, the genotoxic effect of Bupleuri Radix (BR), the dried roots of Bupleurum falcatum Linne has been traditionally used as anti-inflammatory agent, was evaluated using the mouse micronucleus test. BR aqueous extract (yield = 16.52%) was administered once a day for 2 continuous days by oral gavage to male ICR mice at doses of 2,000, 1,000 and 500 mg/kg. Cyclophosphamide (CPA) 70 mg/kg was used as a known genotoxic agent in a positive control. The appearance of a micronucleus (MN) in polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) is used as an index for genotoxic potential, and PCE ratio is used as an index of cytotoxicity. Although significant (p<0.01) increase of the number of PCE with one or more nuclei (MNPCE) was detected in CPA treated groups, no significant increases of MNPCE numbers were observed in all three different dosages of BR extracts treated mice with over 0.30 of the individual polychromatic erythrocyte ratio in all mice used in this study. The results obtained indicated that BR extract shows no genotoxicity effects up to 2,000 mg/kg dosing levels the limit dosage in rodents.