• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2017

Purpose: This study investigated the quality characteristics of traditional and commercial red pepper pastes (Gochujang) for development of traditional red pepper pastes. Methods: Proximate compositions, amino acid nitrogen contents, salt contents, color, viable bacteria, and inorganic substance contents of 19 traditional and three commercial Gochujang were investigated. Results: Analysis of proximate compositions showed huge differences between the samples. For moisture content, six kinds of traditional Gochujang did not meet the standard of the food codex. Contents of moisture, fat, and protein were significantly higher in traditional than commercial Gochujang. However, carbohydrate content was higher in commercial than traditional Gochujang, and thus calories were also higher. The amino nitrogen contents of the three kinds of traditional Gochujang did not meet the standard of the food codex. Salt contents and color were not significantly different between traditional and commercial Gochujang. In the microbiological analysis, total bacteria counts were higher in traditional than commercial Gochujang. The number of B. cereus did not exceed the standard of the food codex in all samples. S. aureus and fungi were not detected in any samples. In the inorganic substance analysis, inorganic substances contents in Gochujang were in the order of Na, K, Mg, and Ca. Overall, Na, K, Mg, and Ca were more abundant in traditional than commercial Gochujang. However, due to wide variations in inorganic substance contents of traditional Gochujang, there were no significant differences between traditional and commercial Gochujang. Conclusion: For the development of traditional Gochujang, quality standardization is considered necessary.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.518-528
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• 2017

Quality characteristics of frozen cylindrical pork loin were evaluated following different tempering methods: 27.12 MHz curved-electrode radio frequency (RF) at 1000 and 1500 W, and forced-air convection (FC) or water immersion (WI) at $4^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. The developed RF tempering system with the newly designed curved-electrode achieved relatively uniform tempering compared to a parallel-plate RF system. FC tempering at $4^{\circ}C$ was the most time-consuming process, whereas 1500 W RF was the shortest. Pork sample drip loss, water holding capacity, color, and microbiological quality declined after WI tempering at $20^{\circ}C$. Conversely, RF tempering yielded minimal sample changes in drip loss, microstructure, color, and total aerobic bacteria counts, along with relatively uniform internal sample temperature distributions compared to those of the other tempering treatments. These results indicate that curved-electrode RF tempering could be used to provide rapid defrosting with minimal quality deterioration of cylindrical frozen meat block products.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 가을학술대회
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• pp.101-103
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the changes of Bacillus sp. of traditional Korean soy sauce (kan-jang) and soybean paste (doen-jang) during the ripening and storage for 12 months. All of the preparation methods for soy sauce and soybean paste followed the recommendations of the Korea Food Research Institute. The soy sauce and soybean paste were analyzed at 0, 6, and 12 months. The numbers of Bacillus sp. of meju (soybean cakes) or soy sauce and soybean paste at the initial stage were significantly higher than those of soybeans (p<0.05). The number of Bacillus sp. increased in soy sauce and soybean paste after 12 months of ripening and storage. This study indicates that this comes from the preparation and fermentation of meju. It is suspected that the organoleptic characteristics of soy sauce and soybean paste might be inferior over 1 year of storage time. Therefore, more research fur overall microbiological quality changes of soy sauce and soybean paste during the storage period should be conducted to interpretate this characteristics more accurately.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.1064-1069
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• 2006

시판 인스턴트 건조 분말수프의 유통 및 저장 중 위생화를 목적으로 감마선 조사한 다음 가속조건($60^{\circ}C$, 2주)에 저장 중 미생물 농도와 관능적 품질 변화를 조사하였다. 시료수프의 미생물 농도에서 효모, 곰팡이 및 대장균군은 모든 시료에서 검출되지 않으나 총 세균은 $3.22{\sim}3.77\;log\;CFU/g$ 수준으로 나타났으며, 감마선 조사선량이 증가할수록 미생물 농도가 유의적으로 감소하여 3 kGy 이상의 감마선 조사군에서는 100 CFU/g 이하로 감균이 가능하였으며, 가속저장동안 모든 군에서 저장초기와 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(p<0.05). 관능평가 결과, 비조사구에 비해 조사구에서 향, 맛 및 전체적인 기호도가 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며(p<0.05), $60^{\circ}C$에서 2주간 저장후에는 색, 향, 풍미, 전반적 기호도에서 관능평점이 낮아졌다. 이상의 결과에서 시판 인스턴트 건조 분말수프의 위생화를 목적으로 관능적 품질변화를 최소화하고 미생물학적 저장안정성을 확보하기 위한 방사선 조사선량은 3 kGy인 것으로 사료되며, 수프 제품의 관능적 기호도를 유지하기 위한 연구가 요망된다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2009

In this study, Staphylococcus carnosus isolated from traditional sucuk (Turkish dry-fermented sausage) was used in combination with Lactobacillus plantarum as a lactic culture in sucuk production. Sucuk produced with only L. plantarum was evaluated as a control group. Microbiological, physicochemical, and volatile profile characteristics of sucuk samples were investigated during ripening. In both sausages with S. carnosus and control group, pH value decreased to below 5.0 at the $3^{rd}$ day. In all samples, Aw value decreased as the ripening time progressed. Sausages with S. carnosus showed the higher nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) value than control group. However, the highest mean value for thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was observed in control group. Enterobacteriaceae dropped to undetectable levels at the $3^{rd}$ day in both groups. S. carnosus increased approximately 1 log unit within the first 3 days of the fermentation. In the presence of S. carnosus, significant changes were observed in only a few volatile compounds.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.477-490
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• 2018

This study investigated the changes in the quality of doenjang (a fermented bean paste) with the addition of Sea tangle Saccharina japonica powder fermented by lactic acid bacteria (FSP). Doenjang was prepared without or with FSP and with various amounts of doenjang (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 3% by volume), and fermented at $25^{\circ}C$ for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the antioxidant activity, microbiological characteristics, and physicochemical parameters were examined. We detected no significant differences in the color profiles. However, following the addition of FSP to doenjang, the amino nitrogen content and antioxidant properties were enhanced. Furthermore, the FSP-doenjang contained higher levels of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (297.55-300.03 mg/100 g), a biofunctional ingredient. These results suggest the potential for developing a traditional Korean fermented food with enhanced antioxidant activity and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid content using FSP.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제7권2_3호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation on the microbiological and sensory characteristics of frozen Bibimbap. Frozen Bibimbap vegetables were contaminated by microbial levels of $2.70{\sim}6.67log\;CFU\;g^{-1}$ in total aerobic bacteria. Frozen Bibimbap was contaminated by microbial levels of $4.8log\;CFU\;g^{-1}$ in total aerobic bacteria, but microorganisms in gamma-irradiated samples at above 25 kGy were not found at detection limit less then $1log\;CFUg^{-1}$. Sensory characteristics of the gamma-irradiated Bibimbap were decreased depending upon the irradiation dose, and sensory scores of the samples irradiated with doses higher than 10 kGy were significantly decreased. Therefore, the application of combination of the various food processing technology should be considered for the sterilization of Bibimbap, without any deterioration of quality occurred by high dose irradiation.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.804-819
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• 2019

Ezine cheese is a non-starter and long-ripened cheese produced in the Mount of Ida region of Canakkale, Turkey, with a protected designation of origin status. Non-starter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB) have a substantial effect on the quality and final sensorial characteristics of long-ripened cheeses. The dominance of NSLAB can be attributed to their high tolerance to the hostile environment in cheese during ripening relative to many other microbial groups and to its ability to inhibit undesired microorganisms. These qualities promote the microbiological stability of long-ripened cheeses. In this study, 144 samples were collected from three dairies during the ripening period of Ezine cheese. Physicochemical composition and NSLAB identification analyses were performed using both conventional and molecular methods. According to the results of a 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, 13 different species belonging to seven genera were identified. Enterococcus faecium (38.42%) and E. faecalis (18.94%) were dominant species during the cheese manufacturing process, surviving 12 months of ripening together with Lactobacillus paracasei (13.68%) and Lb. plantarum (11.05%). The results indicate that NSLAB contributes to the microbiological stability of Ezine cheese over 12 months of ripening. The isolation of NSLAB with antimicrobial activity, potential bacteriocin producers, yielded defined collections of natural NSLAB isolates from Ezine cheese that can be used to generate specific starter cultures for the production of Ezine cheese (PDO).

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.785-795
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 김치의 소금 함량을 낮추기 위해 유기산과 젖산 그리고 종균을 첨가하고 과일을 첨가하여 김치의 저염화와 동시에 미각증진 효과를 가져올 수 있는 저염김치를 개발하였다. 그리고 소금 농도와 발효온도를 달리하였을 때 저염김치의 품질특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 저염김치에 대한 이화학분석, 미생물학 분석, 그리고 관능적 특성에 대한 분석을 하였다. 저염김치의 pH 및 산도 변화는 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 온도가 높을수록 변화가 빠르게 나타났고, pH는 점차 감소하였으며, 산도는 증가하였는데, 특히 소금 농도가 낮을수록 pH가 낮았고, 산도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 저염김치의 염도 변화는 발효가 진행됨에 따라 작은 변화를 나타내었으나, 유의성 있는 증감을 나타내지 않았다. 환원당의 경우, 모든 처리구에서 비슷한 비율로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 조직강도의 경우 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 종균 첨가 여부 및 종류에 따라서 차이가 났음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 같은 소금 농도에서 저장온도에 따른 조직감 차이는 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 현저한 차이를 나타내었다. 또한 저염김치의 미생물 결과 총균수의 경우, 저장기간 동안 농도와 균 첨가와 관계없이 총균이 증식함을 알 수 있었다. 저염김치의 관능평가 결과, 냄새, 짠맛과 전반적인 기호도에서 이형발효 종균을 첨가한 김치의 관능결과가 모두 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 종균과 유기산을 첨가하여 소금 함량을 낮춘 저염김치를 개발하였고, 저장온도에 따라 발효하는 동안 이화학, 미생물 그리고 관능적인 변화를 통해 적숙기를 파악하였다. 이 연구는 건강한 일반인, 당뇨와 고혈압 질환이 있는 환자들의 식이요법에 도움이 될 것이다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.712-719
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• 2018

This study was carried out to obtain basic data on Korean traditional Meju collected from 18 regions (TM1~TM18) in Korea and to define and control quality. The shape of Meju was mostly rectangular and the weight was 0.84~2.04 kg. The physicochemical analysis showed: pH, 5.31~8.21; total acidity, 0.91~2.74%; moisture content, 4.79~42.16%; and soluble protein content, 41.37~23.48%. Hunter color values for L (lightness), a (redness), and b (yellowness) ranged from 39.07~67.92, 3.57~8.87, and 7.48~20.67, respectively. The amino nitrogen contents of all samples were in the range of 257.29 to 839.58 mg% and TM13 showed the highest content (839.58 mg%). Total viable cells, yeast and mold counts of Meju were 8.43~5.91 log CFU/g, 2.48~5.19 log CFU/g, and 3.42~7.48 log CFU/g, respectively. Based on the results, it is proposed that quality standards and management of Meju fermentation conditions and information about different varieties of soybeans used should be made available.