• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.757-766
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• 2016

MTBE and other gasoline additives contained in gasoline are known to be a refractory substance resistant to biodegradation. As a method of removing these substances, a research of method using native microbes of polluted soil was progressed and among these, bio-degradation possibility under aerobic condition was evaluated. All of the experiments were progressed based on batch experiment of lab scale and analyzed by GC-FID using HS-SPME technique. The result of bio-degradation experiment based on MTBE and other additives(ETBE, TAME) was observed below 1 mg/L, which initial concentration were 100 mg/L for each method. And through production of by-product and CO2, partial mineralization was confirmed. Degradation velocity of each additive was promptly represented in the order of TBA>ETBE>MTBE>TAME. Through this study, bio-degradation possibility of native microbes of oil polluted soil, MTBE and other gasoline additives was confirmed and it was considered that the result could be used for basic experiment data in removing oil pollutants of soil.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2024

This study aims to assess the efficacies of exogenous enzymes, derived from invertebrate gut-associated microbes, as feed additives, in reducing volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions using an in vitro pig intestine continuous fermentation system. An in vitro continuous fermentation model was used to simulate a comparable bionic digestion system by co-reacting feed, enzymatic additives (arazyme, mannanase, and xylanase, derived from the gut bacteria of Nephila clavata, Eisenia fetida, and Moechotypa diphysis, respectively), and gastrointestinal microbes, followed by an analysis of their correlations. A significant correlation was observed between exogenous enzyme supplementation and reduced VOC emissions in the fecal phase of continuous fermentation (p < 0.05). The concentration of VOCs decreased by 3.75 and 2.75 ppm in the treatment group following arazyme and multi-enzyme supplementation, respectively, compared to that in the control group (7.83 ppm). In addition, supplementation with arazyme and multiple enzymes significantly affected the microbial composition of each fermentation phase (p < 0.05). In particular, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus and Pediococcus pentosaceus, which changed in abundance according to arazyme or multi-enzyme supplementation, exhibited a positive relationship with VOC emissions. These results suggest that exogenous enzymes derived from invertebrate gut-associated bacteria can be efficiently applied as feed additives, leading to a reduction in VOC emissions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.1103-1112
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• 2020

Objective: To measure whether a microbial additive could effectively improve the fermentation quality of delayed-sealing (DS) silage, we studied the effects of inoculants of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cellulase enzyme on microbial populations, ensiling characteristics, and spoilage loss of DS silage of Napier grass in Africa. Methods: Quick-sealing (QS) and DS silages were prepared with and without LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum) inoculant, cellulase enzymes, and their combination. The QS material was directly chopped and packed into a bunker silo. The DS material was packed into the silo with a delay of 24 h from harvest. Results: In the QS silage, LAB was dominant in the microbial population and produced large amounts of lactic acid. When the silage was treated with LAB and cellulase, the fermentation quality was improved. In the DS silage, aerobic bacteria and yeasts were the dominant microbes and all the silages were of poor quality. The yeast and mold counts in the DS silage were high, and they increased rapidly during aerobic exposure. As a result, the DS silages spoiled faster than the QS silages upon aerobic exposure. Conclusion: DS results in poor silage fermentation and aerobic deterioration. The microbial additive improved QS silage fermentation but was not effective for DS silage.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.199-202
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• 2002

Many methods have been developed for the remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. Among those technologies, in-situ bioremediation is most likely to be cost-effective method for petroleum hydrocarbon contamination. But the in-situ bioremediation can require more time to remediate hydrocarbon-contaminated soil and groundwater than other methods. Therefore we intended to save time of in-situ bioremediation using a biological additive to activate indigenous microbes in soil. The additive, 'Inipol EAP 22' stimulates the growth of specific flora, significantly accelerating the speed at which hydrocarbons are biodegraded. And it hans been tested in accordance with protocol approved by the USEPA and is registered on the National Contingency Plan Product Schedule List. In the experiment, three soil samples contaminated with fuel oil were prepared in the same concentration. Inipol EAP 22 was not added to one sample and was added to the other two samples with 5% and 10% of hydrocarbon by weight respectively. And $CO_2$gas derived from bacterial respiration was analyzed in each samples for 15 days. As a result, 145% and 153% of $CO_2$ evolution (microbial respiration) against the sample without 'Inipol EAP 22' occurred in samples with 'Inipol EAP 22' addition of 5% and 10%, respectively

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1659-1676
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• 2002

Ruminant animals develop a diverse and sophisticated microbial ecosystem for digesting fibrous feedstuffs. Plant cell walls are complex and their structures are not fully understood, but it is generally believed that the chemical properties of some plant cell wall compounds and the cross-linked three-dimensional matrix of polysaccharides, lignin and phenolic compounds limit digestion of cell wall polysaccharides by ruminal microbes. Three adaptive strategies have been identified in the ruminal ecosystem for degrading plant cell walls: production of the full slate of enzymes required to cleave the numerous bonds within cell walls; attachment and colonization of feed particles; and synergetic interactions among ruminal species. Nonetheless, digestion of fibrous feeds remains incomplete, and numerous research attempts have been made to increase this extent of digestion. Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) have been used successfully in monogastric animal production for some time. The possibility of adapting EFE as feed additives for ruminants is under intensive study. To date, animal responses to EFE supplements have varied greatly due to differences in enzyme source, application method, and types of diets and livestock. Currently available information suggests delivery of EFE by applying them to feed offers the best chance to increase ruminal digestion. The general tendency of EFE to increase rate, but not extent, of fibre digestion indicates that the products currently on the market for ruminants may not be introducing novel enzyme activities into the rumen. Recent research suggests that cleavage of esterified linkages (e.g., acetylesterase, ferulic acid esterase) within the plant cell wall matrix may be the key to increasing the extent of cell wall digestion in the rumen. Thus, a crucial ingredient in an effective enzyme additive for ruminants may be an as yet undetermined esterase that may not be included, quantified or listed in the majority of available enzyme preparations. Identifying these pivotal enzyme(s) and using biotechnology to enhance their production is necessary for long term improvements in feed digestion using EFE. Pretreating fibrous feeds with alkali in addition to EFE also shows promise for improving the efficacy of enzyme supplements.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.630-634
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• 2013

Cow leather coated with polyurethane film that contains various organic photosensitizers was investigated to demonstrate the antimicrobial properties in the application of the material to protective clothing and home appliances. To prepare the antimicrobial coating on leather surfaces with high potency against microbes, photoactive agents, such as benzophenone (BP), 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino) benzophenone (MK), 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone (DHBP) and methylene blue (MB), were incorporated into polyurethane-based coating solutions. The photoactive antimicrobial agent treated leather samples were characterized by SEM, color appearance, color fastness against abrasion, and antimicrobial tests. The optical properties of organic photosensitizers indicated that active UV absorbance ranges were different: BP (around 250 nm), MK (around 360 nm), DHBP (around 305 nm) and MB (around 295 nm &570 nm-685 nm). The intensity of the UV absorbance curve at the UVA light wavelength for the antimicrobial test showed the highest value with MK; subsequently, this was followed by MB, DHBP and BP in decreasing order. The treated-leather samples demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity under UVA light. The antimicrobial effects for the Staphylococcus aureus were superior to Escherichia coli. Moreover, the polyurethane finishing showed an effective durability to abrasion. The overall results indicated that DHBP is the most suitable PU coating additive to provide antimicrobial properties to leather as well as color and surface appearance than MK, MB, and BP.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.302-307
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• 2021

In the current study, lactic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus were used as a mixed additive for the production of Orchardgrass silage by ensiled method and nutritional change fermentation ability and microbial content of experimental silages. The addition of LAB to Orchardgrass during ensiling process rapidly reduced the pH of the silages than the non-inoculated silages. In addition, the lactic and acetic acid content of silage was increased by LAB strains than the non-inoculated silages whereas butyric acid content was reduced in silage treated with LAB. A microbiological study revealed that higher LAB but lower yeast counts were observed in inoculated silages compared to non-inoculated silage. Overall data suggested that the addition of LAB stains could have ability to induce the fermentation process and improve the silage quality via increasing lactic acid and decreasing undesirable microbes.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.333-342
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• 2010

옥수수는 우리나라에서 매우 중요한 사료작물이다. 대부분 사일리지 형태로 이용이 되고 있으며 많은 비율의 곡실을 함유하고 있어 반추가축의 우수한 사료로 이용된다. 본 시험은 옥수수 사일리지용 미생물 첨가제 개발을 위해 수집된 균주의 발효능력을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 양질의 옥수수 사일리지에서 선발한 젖산균을 0.02%의 Sodium azide가 들어있는 MRS 배지에 접종을 한 후 균을 분리하여 MRS broth에 접종하여 산 생성 능력을 조사하였다. 총 6종의 젖산균을 선발하였고 동정결과 C3-2, B13-1 및 CC9-1은 Lactobacillus plantarum으로 판명되었고 C11-4는 Lactobacillus fermentum, B14-1은 Lactobacillus paracasei, 그리고 A3-1은 Leuconostoc lactis로 동정되었다. 선발된 5종의 균주와 시판되는 2종 첨가제 그리고 무처리구를 두고 황숙기에 수확된 옥수수에 접종하여 사일리지를 제조하고 2개월 후에 개봉하여 분석한 결과 B13-1 및 CC9-1 처리구의 사일리지가 pH가 낮았고 젖산함량도 높았다. 프리그 점수와 품질등급에 있어서도 B13-1 및 CC9-1 처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 Lactobacillus plantarum B13-1 및 CC9-1는 사일리지 접종제로 사용이 권장되었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the fermentative characteristics of wheat bran inoculated with a starter culture of direct-fed microbes as a microbial wheat bran (DMWB) feed additive. Wheat bran was prepared with 1% (w/w, 0.5% Lactobacillus plantarum and 0.5% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae) starter culture treatment (TW) or without starter culture as a control (CW). Those were fermented under anaerobic conditions at $30^{\circ}C$ incubation for 3 days. Samples were taken at 0, 1, 2, and 3 days to analyze chemical composition, microbial growth, pH, and organic acid content. Chemical composition was not significantly different between CW and TW (p > 0.05). In TW, the number of lactic acid bacteria and yeast increased during the 3 days of fermentation (p < 0.05) and the population of lactic acid bacteria was significantly higher than in CW (p < 0.05). After 3 days, the number of yeast in TW was $7.50{\pm}0.07log\;CFU/g$, however, no yeast was detected in CW (p < 0.05). The pH values of both wheat bran samples decreased during the 3 days of fermentation (p < 0.05), and TW showed significantly lower pH than CW after 3 days of fermentation (p < 0.05). Contents of lactic acid and acetic acid increased significantly at 3rd day of fermentation in TW. However, no organic acids were generated in CW during testing period. These results suggest that 3 days of fermentation at $37^{\circ}C$ incubation after the inoculation wheat bran with starter culture makes it possible to produce a direct-feed with a high population of lactic acid bacteria at more than $10^{11}CFU/g$.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2024

표준물질 Alpha-chaconine과 alpha-solanine에 대한 LC-MS 분석을 통해서 농도별 기준을 정하고 추출시료의 농도를 정량분석 하였다. LC-MS 분석을 통한 정량선 작성 결과 두 화합물 모두 0.16~5,000ng/mL 농도 구간에서 검량선을 확인할 수 있었다. 건조시료에서 alphachaconine 2.05mg/g, alpha-solanine 0.60mg/g으로 총합 2.65mg/g의 알칼로이드를 함유한 것으로 나타났다. 열수추출물의 경우 총합 2.23mg/g, 에탄올 추출물에서는 총합 0.52mg/g으로 알칼로이드 함량이 에탄올 추출물에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 아트로핀 표준물질에 대한 LC-MS 분석 결과 m/z 290의 SIM mode에서 검출하였다. 가지와 토마토 추출물에서 아트로핀 화합물이 미검출 되었으며, 실험에 사용된 시료에서는 아트로핀 화합물의 함유가 작아 정량분석에 적합하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. Fig. 8에 나타나는 제1위 소화율 시험에서 감자와 Zilmax를 첨가한 시료에서 유의적으로 소실이 진행되었고 가지의 경우 완만하게 소실되었다. 소실되는 건물내 존재하는 글라이코 알칼로이드 농도를 측정해 본 결과 α-solanine과 α-chaconine 농도 모두가 감소하였고 특히 섭취 후 8시간에서 12시간 내에 완전 소화되는 것을 확인하였다. 알칼로이드 사료첨가물을 20일간 급여한 거세한우 32두의 혈액 내 대사물질을 측정한 결과 유리지방산(NEFA)의 경우 가지처리구와 대조구에서는 다른 대사물질과 유사하게 증가하였는데 Zilmax와 감자 처리구에서는 반대로 감소하는 현상을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로 감자추출물이 유리지방산에 작용기작이 β-adrenergic agonist인 Zilmax와 유사한 작용을 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.