• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.899-904
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• 2003

Microarrayer makes DNA chip and microarray that contain hundreds to thousands of immobilized DNA probes on surface of a microscope slide. This paper shows the development results for a printing type of microarrayer. It realizes a typical, low-cost and efficient microarrayer for generating low density microarray. The microarrayer is developed by using a robot of three-axes perpendicular type. It is composed of a computer-controlled three-axes robot and a pen tip assembly. The key component of the arrayer is the print-head containing the tips to immobilize cDNA, genomic DNA or similar biological material on glass surface. The robot is designed to automatically collect probes from two 96-well plates with up to 32 tips at the same time. To prove the performance of the developed microarrayer, the general water types of inks such as black, blue and red. The inks are distributed at proper positions of 96 well plates and the three color inks are immobilized on the slide glass under the operation procedure. As the result of the test, it can be shown that it has sufficient performance for the production of low integrated DNA chip consisted of 96 spots within 1 $cm^2$ area.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2002

Microarrayer is used to make DNA chip and microarray that contain hundreds to thousands of immobilized DNA probes on surface of a microscope slide. This paper shows the develop-ment results for a printing type of microarrayer. It realizes a typical, low-cost and efficient microarrayer for generating low density micro array. The microarrayer is developed by using a prependicular type robot with three axes. It is composed of a computer-controlled three-axes robot and a pen tip assembly. The key component of the arrayer is the print-head containing the tips to immobilize cDNA, genomic DNA or similar biological material on glass surface. The robot is designed to automatically collect probes from two 96-well plates with up to 12 pens at the same time. To prove the performance of the developed microarrayer, we use the general water types of inks such as black, blue and red. The inks are distributed at proper positions of 96 well plates and the three color inks are immobilized on the slide glass under the operation procedure. As the result of the test, we can see that it has sufficient performance for the production of low integrated DNA chip consisted of 96 spots within $1cm^2$ area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.407-412
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• 2002

세계는 지금 post-genome 시대에 접어들고 있고, 하루에도 수백개 이상 밝혀지는 새로운 유전정보들이나 모든 유전암호가 밝혀진 생물들을 기존의 방법들로 연구한다는 것은 너무나 많은 시간을 요구한다. 즉, 인간 게놈 프로젝트 뿐만 아니라, 식물 게놈 프로젝트 등 다양한 분야에서 DNA chip의 필요성이 인식되고 있다. 그러나 우리나라는 DNA chip의 생산에 있어서 chip 제작에 필수적인 DNA chip 제작용 microarrayer를 고가를 들여 수입에 의존하고 있는 실정이다. 이는 DNA chip 생산비를 높이고, 더 나아가 우리나라 생명공학분야 연구의 발전에 악영향을 미치는 결과를 초래할 수 있다. 몇몇 국내 생산 업체가 있지만, 아직 그 실요성을 입증하지 못하였고, 대부분의 chip 공급업체는 아직 수입품을 사용하고 있는 상태이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 microarrayer의 국산화를 통해 안정적 DNA chip 및 microarrayer의 공급을 위해 microarrayer의 개발에 관해 수행하는 연구이며, 앞으로의 연구방향을 다음과 같이 설정하였다. 1) 유전자 검색을 위한 DNA chip 제작용 로봇 시스템 (microarrayer)을 pin 타입으로 설정한다. 2) 정밀도 향상을 위하여 로봇 시스템의 구동은 XYZ 직교좌표형으로 설정한다. 3) 1$cm^2$당 5,000개 정도의 DNA를 붙일 수 있도록 한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2000

A microarrayer system was developed mainly for manufacturing DNA chips. The 3-axis robot was designed to automatically collect samples from 96-or 384-well microtiter plates using up to 16 simultaneously moving pens and to deposit them on a surface-modified slide glass. This is followed by a wash/dry operation in a clean station. The cycle is repeated with a new set of samples, This system can deposit cDNA or oligonucleotides with spot intervals of $150{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ and the spot size of $80\mu\textrm{m}$, thus allowing a high density DNA chip containing about 5,000 spots per $\textrm{cm}^2$. The entire procedure is controlled by the Visual C++ program that was written in our laboratory by using a personal computer with Pentium 100 CPU.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.76-88
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• 2003

This study exploits the robot system which is necessary in gene study, bio-technology industry. As well, it can achieve the job of DNA chip manufacturing whose use rate has been increased recently. The robot consists of DNA spotting device for spotting DNA on the silylated slide and well plate, bed for fixing well-plate, washing & drying device of washing and drying the pin part of DNA spotting device, distillation-water vessel, and discharge vessel of wash water. We made the term of sticking DNA to the pin on well plate to be 15 seconds. The spot size of DNA was set to be 0.28 mm on the average by bringing the slide into contact with pin for 1 second. At this rate, if DNA is spotted in the minimum space possible of about 0.32mm, it can stick about 8,100 DNA spots on the well plate. Analyzing the procedure: Movement starts. Pin washes, dries, and smears DNA on the well plate. Spots DNA onto 12 chips takes 2 minutes and 50 seconds.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.429-438
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• 2003

This study exploits the robot system which is necessary in gene study and bio-technology industry. As well, a DNA chip, which of use has been increased recently, can be manufactured with this system. The robot consists of a device spotting DNA on the silylated slide, a well plate, a bed for fixing well plates, devices of washing and drying the pin in DNA spotting .device, a distillation-water vessel, and a discharge vessel of wash water. We made the period of sticking DNA to the pin on the well plate to be 15 seconds. The spot size of DNA was set to be 0.28 mm on the average by bringing the slide into contact with pin during 1 second. If DNA is spotted in minimum space possible about 0.32mm, this system can stick about 8,100 DNA spots on the well plate with this rate. Analyzing the procedure: Movement starts, Pin washes, dries, and smears DNA on the well plate. Spotting DNA onto 12 chips took 2 minutes and 50 seconds.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.333-338
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• 2002

인간 게놈 프로젝트가 지속적으로 진행됨에 따라 계속적으로 대량의 유전체 정보가 밝혀지고 있으며, 이미 밝혀진 유전체의 염기서열을 바탕으로 다양한 생물의 전체 유전자의 기능을 효율적으로 해석하는 기술의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 식물 게놈 프로젝트 또한 식량확보라는 단순하면서도 전략적인 차원에서 가장 절실히 요구되는 기본 과학기술 연구분야이다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.37-38
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• 2006

Conjugated diacetylene supramolecules are interesting biomimetic materials in view of application to chemical and label-free biological sensors. These supramolecules are unique in changing color from blue to red upon specific binding events. Various binding events including viruses, toxins, glucose, and ionic interactions have been reported detectible. Here, we focus on fabrication of polydiacetylene supramolecule dot array patterns on solid substrates by using a conventional microarrayer. Each dot is found to possess the color-changing property as well as the fluorescence self-emission. This technique allows us, for the first time, to fabricate biochips based on polydiacetylene supramolecules. Label-free detection of small molecules and biological targets will be discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Statistical Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.175-181
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• 2002

cDNA microarray experiments permit us to investigate the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously and to make it easy to compare gene expression from different populations. However, researchers are asked to be cautious in interpreting the results because of the unexpected sources of variation such as systematic errors from the microarrayer and the difference of cDNA dye intensity. And the scanner itself calculates both of mean and median of the signal and background pixels, so it follows a selection which raw data will be used in analysis. In this paper, we compare the results in each case of using mean and median from the raw data and normalization methods in reducing the systematic errors with arm's skin cells of old and young males. Using median is preferable to mean because the distribution of the test statistic (t-statistic) from the median is more close to normal distribution than that from mean. Scaled print tip normalization is better than global or lowess normalization due to the distribution of the test-statistic.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.349-353
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• 2003

To explore the application of DNA chip technology for the detection and typing of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), the HPV6, 11, 16 and 18 gene fragments were isolated and printed onto aminosilane-coated glass slides by a PixSys 5500 microarrayer as probes to prepare the HPV gene chips. HPV samples, after being labeled with fluorescent dye by restriction display PCR (RD-PCR) technology, were hybridized with the microarray, which was followed by scanning and analysis. The experimental condition for preparing the HPV gene chips was investigated, and the possibility of HPV genotyping using gene chips was discussed. The technique that was established in this study for preparing HPV gene chips is practical. The results of the present study demonstrated the versatility and inspiring prospect of using this technology to detect and genotype HPV.