• The Korean Nurse
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.36-48
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• 1990

This study was attempted to provide us with basic information on how to improve understanding with patients for operation, and to offer then better nursing and treatment. This kind of study will help scientific application to nursing practice and operating room. The data was collected by interviewing 29 patients who underwent the elective surgery under the general anesthesia at Y hospital in Seoul. The interview ran from October 15 to December 15, 1989. The research instrument was a anxiety measurement device (SAAI) originally developed by Spielberger, et al and modified by Jung-Tack Kim. 1. Hypothesis Testing Hypothesis one was that there would be a difference in state anxiety level according to a time difference in watiting for operation. This hypothesis was rejected(state.anxiety level one hour before operation P>.05, r-.747, State anxiety level half an hour before operation P>.05, r-.1550, state anxiety level just before operation, P>.05, r=.1099). However, state anxiety, evel appeared to be associated with a longer watiting period, like one day before operation (P<.05, r-.4628). Hypothesis two was that there would be a difference according to state anxiety level of patients for operation. This was rejected. (Change of blood perssure in systolie P>.05 r=.1082, Change of blood pressure in diastolic P>.05, r=.088, Change of pulse rate, P>.05, r-1.909) 2. Examining trait anxiety and state anxiety levels, the average level of trait anxiety was 42.034, and the average level of state anxiety one day before operation was 43,000. The average level of state anxiety was averaged 42.356 in a waiting room for operation. 3. Examining the state anxiety level by time period, the one hour before was 42.379 the level half an hour before 42.276, and the level just before operation 42.414. The low level of state anxiety was due to the fact that premedication was not eliminated. 4. Age and time period like one day before operation was related to state anxiety level (F=5.271, P<.0.01) and blood pressure in waiting room for operation. That is, state anxiety level and blood pressure of patients one day before operation appeared high. Sex was relation to changes of blood pressure ; the blood pressure of male patients appeard higer than of female patients. A marital status was also related anxiety level one hour before operation the married patient for operation showed a higher state anxiety level than that of the unmarried patient for operation. Education was similarily related to trait anxiety level in which highly educated patients show lower levels of trait anxiety than poorly educated ones. Motive for hospitalization was related to state anxiety level for patient one hour before operation (F=6.464, P<.05) likewise, patients who are supposed to undergo operation hastily showed higher levels of anxiety than patients who expect elective surgeries.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.70-73
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• 2014

Objectives: Yamen is the fifteenth acupoint of the Governor Vessel Meridian (GV15). It is anatomically close to the medulla oblongata, so finding the safety depth of the acupoint is very important. However, few studies on the safety depth of GV15 have been done. Methods: This study tried to measure the safety depth of GV15 by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and to analyze the factors affecting the safety depth through multiple regression analyses. This study was carried out for patients who had a brain MRI scan while visiting Jeonju Wonkwang Hospital, Korea. The shortest distance between the glabella and the occipital protuberance (DGO), the horizontal distance between the glabella and the back of the head (DGB) and the dangerous depth (DD) were measured from the sagittal views of the MRI images. The DD is the horizontal distance from the skin's surface at GV15 to the spinal dura mater. Results: The model suggested that the safety depth (SD) was significantly associated with gender (${\beta}$ = 0.474, P < 0.0001), DGO (${\beta}$ = 0.272, P = 0.027), and BMI (${\beta}$ = 0.249, P = 0.005) and the combination of three variables can explain the SD, with $R^2$ = 0.571 (Table 3). A longer SD was associated with males and with greater BMI and DGO. Conclusion: This study suggests that gender, BMI and DGO may be important factors when the SD of GV15 is considered clinically through a multiple regression analysis of GV15.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.280-290
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• 2012

This study was performed to establish the lateral cephalometric standards of Korean children for diagnosis of antero-posterior and vertical discrepancies of maxillofacial region. The lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken from 100 Korean children with normal occlusion, and then 15 measurements were statistically analysed. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Maxillary length of males was significantly greater than that of females (p < 0.05). There was strong correlation between maxillary and mandibular length (r = 0.625(M), 0.574(F)). 2. Lower facial height of males was significantly greater than that of females (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was strong correlation between total facial height and upper facial height (r = 0.405(M), 0.417(F)) and very strong correlation between total facial height and lower facial height (r = 0.763(M), 0.787(F)). 3. All measurements for dento-alveolar relation showed no statistically significant sex difference. Maxillary length showed strong correlation with mandibular plane - lower incisor (r = 0.474(M), 0.426(F)) and mandibular plane - lower molar (r = 0.488(M), 0.499(F)).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.266-271
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• 1992

The contents of capsaicinoids, free sugars and organic acids of 10 Korean varieties of red pepper power were measured and the sensory properties of their water extracts were compared in order to investigate the influence of the composition of taste components on sensory acceptability of Korean red pepper. The composition of taste components in red pepper powder varied widely depending on the varieties; total capsaicinoid content varied from 0.029 to 0.296%, free sugar $8.45{\sim}15.21%$ and organic acid $4.58{\sim}17.54%$. Capsaicinoid contents, especially dihydrocapsaicin content, were highly correlated with the pungent taste of the water extract of red pepper powder (r=0.870), but did not show significant relationship to the overall sensory acceptability. The sensory overall acceptability was highly influenced by the contents of total sugar (r=+0.815), reducing sugar (r=+0.805), glucose (r=+0.814) and fructose (r=+0.787). Multiple regression with total sugar $(X_1)$, total capsaicin $(X_2)$ and total organic acid contents $(X_3)$ increased the correlation coefficient for sensory acceptability(Y) to R=0.9008. From the result, a regression equation of $Y=0.9808X_1-10.7526X_2-0.1664X_3-4.1147$ was obtained.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.272-280
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of self-efficacy, social support, and depression in elementary school children. Methods: The participants of this study were 619 students from seven elementary schools located in Jollabuk-do Province, Korea. The methods included data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS/WIN version 15.0. Results: The mean scores of self-efficacy, social support, and depression were $2.9{\pm}0.58$, $3.2{\pm}0.44$ and $14.0{\pm}7.32$, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and social support (r=.517, p<.001). Significant negative correlations were observed between self-efficacy and depression (r=-.557, p<.001) and between social support and depression (r=-.571, p<.001). The variables of depression in elementary school children were self-efficacy and social support, which explained 42.7% of the cases. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that current intervention programs are not sufficient to curb depression in elementary school children and therefore it is needed to develop nursing intervention programs to promote self-efficacy and social support.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.393-405
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• 2019

This study is descriptive survey research to find out factors which violence experience, violence coping and social support affect. This study aims at reducing burnout of psychiatry nurses and founding problem-oriented violence handling standardized intervention. The subjects were 204 nurses who have worked for more than a year in a hospital. The data collection period was conducted with structured survey from July 1, 2018 to August 31, 2018. Collected data was analysed with average, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation confident, Multiple Regression and this data will go to by SPSS. The results of the study were as follows. 92.2% of psychiatry nurses are experiencing verbal violence, 92.2% are experiencing physical threat and 75.5% are experiencing physical violence. Relations between violence experience and violence coping(r=0.15. p<.027), violence experience and burnout(r=0.16, p<.017) were positive correlation. Relation between violence coping and social support(r=0.30, p<.001) was positive correlation, and social support and burnout(r=-0.28, p<.001) was negative correlated. Also we found out that nursing job satisfaction, social support and physical violence experience affect burnout. Which shows model's explanatory power was 33.3%. Therefore preventive discipline which can reduce violence experience of psychiatry nurses, founding systems to reinforce social support and creating circumstance where nursing job satisfaction can increase will help reduce burnout and serve better nursing.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the relationship between PMS and sex role. Method: Data were collected from 417 female college students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do area during the period from the 6th of September to the 15th of October in 2004. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 11.0. Result: The results of this study were as follows: 1) Perceived subjective symptoms were clustered endogenous depressive feature ($2.76{\pm}.97$), anxiety ($2.76{\pm}1.09$), and impulsivity ($2.72{\pm}1.02$). 2) PMS was significantly different according to the general characteristics of menarche age (F=5.910, p=.003), pain (F=7.886. p=.000) and family history (F=5.366, p=.005), masculinity was significantly different according to menarche age (F=3.174, p=.043), and femininity was significantly different according to menarche age (F=3.742, p=.025) and pain (F=3.256. p=.040). 3) Femininity and PMS were in a positive correlation with each other (r=.623. p=.000). Conclusion: This results showed that there is a significant correlation between PMS and sex role. For future research, it is recommended to identify major factors affecting PMS and the relationships between them and various subjects.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.2425-2430
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• 2015

Clinical resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is one of the major hindrances in the treatment of human cancers. EHZ2 is involved in drug resistance and is overexpressed in drug-resistant cancer cell lines. In this study, we investigated the effects of EHZ2 on cisplatin -resistance in A549/DDP and AGS/DDP cells. EHZ2 mRNA and protein were found to be significantly overexpressed in A549/DDP and AGS/DDP cells, compared to parental cells. EHZ2 siRNA successfully silenced EHZ2 mRNA and protein expression. Proliferation was inhibited and drug resistance to cisplatin was improved. Flow cytometry showed that silencing of EHZ2 arrested A549/DDP and AGS/DDP cells in the G0/G1 phase, increasing apoptosis, rh-123 fluorescence intensity and caspase-3/8 activities. Silencing of EHZ2 also significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of cyclin D1 and MDR1,while up-regulating p15, p21, p27 and miR-218 in A549/DPP cells. Furthermore, silencing of EHZ2 also significantly increased the expression level of tumor suppressor factor miR-218. We also found down-regulating EHZ2 expression increased methylation in A549/DDP and AGS/DDP cells. This study demonstrates that drug resistance can be effectively reversed in human cisplatin-resistant lung and gastric cancer cells through delivery of siRNAs targeting EHZ2.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.12-15
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• 2011

A method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detection has been developed to quantify coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in raw materials and dietary supplements. Single-laboratory validation has been performed on the method to determine linearity, selectivity, accuracy, limits of quantification (LOQ) and repeatability for CoQ10. An excellent linearity (r=0.999) was observed for CoQ10 in the concentration range $15.625{\sim}500\;{\mu}g/ml$ in dietary supplement. Observed recovery of CoQ10 was found to be between 98.33 and 99.38%. LOQ was found to be $250\;{\mu}g/ml$ Repeatability precision for CoQ10 was between 0.15 and 0.21% relative standard deviation (RSD). Further, limited studies showed that some adulterants and degraded material could be satisfactorily separated from CoQ10 and identified.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to identify the relationship between fatigue and sleep disturbance in adult women so as to provide basic data for developing a women's health promotion program and nursing intervention. Method: A convenience sample of 184 women who visited a Well-baby clinic at P city Maternal child center during October in 2004 was obtained. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaires. Results: The Subjects' mean age was 36.87 years and 70% were employed and had more education than high school. The mean level of fatigue was 56.65, mean sleeping hours were 6.54, and time until falling asleep was 17.58 minutes. Scores of fatigue differed by subject's age, level of education, and menstruation status. In addition, sleeping hours differed by age, occupation status, and income level. There were significant low levels of correlation between fatigue and sleeping hours (r=-.16) and getting up too early (r=-.15). Conclusion: This study concludes that fatigue and sleeping patterns have a significant relationship.