• Title/Summary/Keyword: methods of operation

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A Research of Ancient operation through traditional medical documents (침(針)과 도(刀)를 이용한 수술법에 대한 문헌 조사 - 외과전문서적을 중심으로 -)

  • Pahng, Sung Hye;Cha, Wung Seok;Kim, Nam Il
    • The Journal of Korean Medical History
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.81-86
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    • 2007
  • In ancient East Asia surgical methods existed even before the modern surgical methods were introduced. These surgical methods were mainly used to treat tumor, bruises, and dermatosis. The methods include many techniques such as making incisions in the skin, tell when to operate, and the aftercare following an operation. The traditional ways are not practiced any more due to its being replaced by the anesthesia techniques originating from the West, but the ancient methods can still be found in documents and these methods can be reproduced through such documents. There is a possibility that this ancient method could replace the present day method because of its nature-friendly characteristic as well as its post-operation management.

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Multipurpose Dam Operation Models for Flood Control Using Fuzzy Control Technique ( III ) - Multi Reservoir Operation Methods - (퍼지제어모형을 이용한 다목적댐의 홍수조절모형 (III) - 댐군의 연계운영방안 -)

  • Shim, Jae-Hyun;Kim, Ji-Tae;Cho, Won-Cheol;Kim, Jin-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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    • v.4 no.3 s.14
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    • pp.61-72
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    • 2004
  • In this research, multi reservoir operation methods for reservoirs in Han River are proposed based on the single dam operation models using fuzzy control techniques. The result of fuzzy controled single dam operation has shown that it can improve flood controllability at the downstream of dams. Among the many control rules of fuzzy operation, a rule that shows the most effective flood control rate at the downstream has been selected as Ike operation rule. The simulated results for 1990 and 1995 flood events are compared with historical ones. As the results, it is founded that suggested models can reduce the inundation of upstream and keep the water elevation lower at downstream, which make the proposed models as the effective methods in multi reservoir operation.

A Study On Operation Method of Handling Equipments in Automated Container Terminals (자동화 컨테이너터미널에서 운송장비의 운영방안에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Hyung-Rim;Park, Nam-Kyu;Park, Byung-Joo;Kwon, Hae-Kyung;Yoo, Dong-Ho
    • IE interfaces
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.233-241
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    • 2004
  • The main subject to become a hub port is automation. The automated container terminal has already operated in advanced ports and it has been planned for the basic planning and operation design in domestic case. The key of automated container terminal is effective operation of both ATC(automated transfer crane) and AGV(automated guided vehicle) which is automated handling equipments. This is essential to productivity of automated container terminal. This study suggests the most optimal method of equipment operation in order to minimize loading time using each three types of effective ATC operation methods and AGV dispatching rules in automated container terminals. As the automated equipment operation causes unexpected deadlocks or interferences, it should be proceeded on event-based real time. Therefore we propose the most effective ATC operation methods and AGV dispatching rules in this paper. The various states occurred in real automated container terminals are simulated to evaluate these methods. This experiment will show the most robust automated equipment operation method on various parameters(the degree of yard re-marshaling, the number of containers and AGV)

A Study of Optimum Operational Methods for Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants in Korea (국내 하수종말처리장 최적 운전 방안에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Byong-hi;Lee, Woung-Woon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.45-53
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    • 2000
  • The optimum operation of domestic wastewater treatment plant can give influence on operational cost and future expansion in Korea where has 93 operational domestic wastewater treatment plants. Also, the study on optimum operation can reduce operation cost and budget of municipalities whom have responsibility of wastewater treatment plant operation. In this study, 9 domestic wastewater treatment plants which can represent 93 plants in Korea have been selected and operational data are gathered. The collected data are inputted to computer simulator based on IAWQ's Activated Sludge Model No.1 and optimum operation methods are developed. Also, the electric power for aeration which has large portion of overall operation cost are calculated based on design and operation conditions and these are compared. In this study, it was found that design wastewater characteristics are 1.6 times higher than those of daily maximum except for E plant and that estimation methods for design wastewater characteristics have to be improved. Based on computer simulation, we found there is no need to operate all aeration tanks due to weak influent overall power for aeration can be reduced to about 43% of design one.

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Elucidating Energy Requirements in Alternative Methods of Robo Production

  • Akinoso, Rahman;Are, Oluwayemisi Teslima
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.128-137
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: This study was designed to elucidate the energy-utilization patterns for five methods of robo production. Methods: Robo (fried melon cake) was produced using five different methods, and the energy used for each unit operation was calculated using standard equations. The sensory attributes of the products were determined by panelists. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and analysis of variance at p < 0.05. Results: The energy demands for processing 2.84 kg of melon seed into robo (fried melon cake) using processes 1 (traditional method), 2, 3, 4, and 5 (improved methods) were 50,599.5, 21,793.6, 20,379.7, 21,842.9, and 20,429.3 kJ, respectively. These are equivalent to energy intensities of 1,7816.7, 7,673.8, 7,175.9, 7,691.2, and 7,193.4 kJ/kg, respectively. For the traditional process, the frying operation consumed the highest energy (21,412.0 kJ), and the mixing operation consumed the lowest energy (675.0 kJ). For the semi-mechanized processes, the molding operation consumed the highest energy (6,120.0 kJ), and the dry milling consumed the lowest energy (14.4 kJ). Conclusions: The energy-consumption patterns were functions of the type of unit operation, the technology involved in the operations, and the size of the equipment used in the whole processing operation. Robo produced via the milling of dried melon seed before oil expression was rated highest with regard to the aroma and taste quality, as well as the overall acceptability of the sensory evaluation, and required the lowest energy consumption. Full mechanization of the process line has potential for further reduction of the energy demand.

A Study on the Methods of Systems Reliability Assurance (시스템의 신뢰성(信賴性) 보증방법(保證方法)에 대(對)한 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, Sang-Yong
    • Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.2-9
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    • 1982
  • In principle the methods of increasing the reliability of complex system can be classified into the following four basic methods: (1) using the stand-by redundancy; (2) decreasing the failure rate of the system; (3) decreasing the time of continuous operation; (4) decreasing the mean repair time. Among the above four methods, it is generally known that the method of stand-by redundancy is the most effective general, to increase the reliability of systems. Therefor this paper aims to compare the gain in reliability which is achieved by applying stand-by redundancy with other methods, and to show the characteristics of each method From the comparison of the methods of increasing reliability, the following important facts are found: When the method of stand-by redundancy is used to increase the reliability of complex systems intended for long-term operation, a hight multiplicity of stand-by redundancy is required. Thus an increase of the reliability of complex system by applying stand-by redandancy is realized at the expense of characteristics such as weight, size, cost, increased complexity of operation conditions. And this property restricts its use in systems which are critical with respect to weight, size, cost or operation conditions. The method of stand-by redundancy is the most effective when this method is used to increase the reliability of complex systems intended for short-term operation, and the method of decreasing failure rate is the most effective when it is used to increase the reliability of systems intended for long-term use. The methods of increasing reliability discussed in this paper make it possible to make highly reliable systems. But it is not possible to make a highly reliable system using a single method of increasing reliability, even if it is the most effective one. Therefore it is recommended to use all or a majority of the above four methods by choosing it in accordance with the properties of the system under construction.

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The Comparison of Physical & Morphological Damage of Hair According to the Bleaching Methods by the $H_2O_2$ Concentration (탈색단계별 과산화수소 농도에 따른 모발의 물리.형태적 손상정도 비교)

  • Lee, Eung-Kyeung;Hwang, Jung-Deog;Kim, Hye-Jeung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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    • v.5 no.1 s.12
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    • pp.71-77
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    • 2007
  • This study attempted to comparative analysis about the physical and morphological damage degrees of hair according to the bleaching methods by $H_2O_2$ concentration. As a result of the changes in the physical characteristics of the hair according to the deceleration operation methods by 3-6-9% and 9% $H_2O_2$ concentration, the intensity of tension considerably decreased but the elongation was increased. And the more the damage of hair, the larger the degree of change. Regarding the method of deceleration operation, the 3-6-9% deceleration operation method was more damaging than the 9% single deceleration operation method. In the change of the characteristics of the form of the hair, the control group of the 5-level deceleration hair generally showed a smooth external appearance and regular and closely overlapped epidermis and undamaged cuticle were observed. But in the 3-6-9% deceleration operation method and 9% single deceleration operation method, damages such as the irregular form of the edge of the epidermis and the unclear boundary between the epidermis occurred.

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A comparative study on the performance of pumping station by changing measurement methods and operational logic (빗물펌프장 계측방식과 운영 로직에 따른 거동 비교 연구)

  • Lee, Gunyoung;Beak, Hyunwook;Ryu, Jaena;Kim, Taehyoung;Oh, Jeill
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.915-925
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    • 2012
  • On-off control performance of target pumping station was experimented by changing measurement methods for storage level or inflow and operating logic for control system setting. Four scenarios with different measurement methods and operational logic were examined in the Matlab/Simulink environment. Controller's on-off control repetition that was frequent before has been reduced and more effective and stable system operation was found to be possible with the scenarios. Moreover, defensive operation enforced prevention of floods by changing measurement methods enabled economic operation that made an utmost use of storage volumes.

A Study on the Speed Estimation Methods of Induction Motor Drives in the Field Weakening Region (약계자영역에서 유도전동기 구동을 위한 속도 추정 기법에 관한 연구)

  • Kim S. K.;Shin M. H.;Hyun D. S.
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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    • 2004.07a
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    • pp.269-273
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    • 2004
  • It is important to estimate the rotor speed for field weakening operation in the speed sensorless stator flux oriented (SFO) induction motor drive. Several methods have been reported to estimate exactly the speed in the speed sensorless system. In this paper, we apply two observer-based methods, the Luenberger observer (LO) and the Kalman filter (KF), to SFO induction motor drive in order to achieve a speed sensorless operation in field weakening region. Two control methods are reviewed and discussed. The operation characteristics of these methods in the field weakening region is compared by simulation and experiment.

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Study on Operational Plan of Hot Gas Parts for Cost Reduction of Gas Turbine with Cases Oriented (가스터빈의 운전유지비 절감을 위한 고온부품의 운영방안에 관한 연구 - 사례중심으로 -)

  • Yu, Won-Ju;Cho, Chi-Woon
    • Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.93-101
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    • 2009
  • The use of the gas turbine for power supply is increasing recently. Accordingly, the operation and maintenance cost of the gas turbine is gradually increasing and the various efforts to cut the cost are needed. For an operation and maintenance cost saving of the gas turbine, reductions of the new purchasing charge and the reproduction repair cost of the hot gas parts are required through more effective operation and life management methods for the hot gas parts. The hot gas parts are the main parts of the gas turbine and they are replaced with the periodic. In this research, efficient operation and life management methods for the hot gas parts were presented with the cases. The methods were analyzed and verified based on real data and the cases for improving a lifetime were utilized in the field.