• 대한종양외과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the immunologic role of lymph node (LN) and stage migration by assessing LN count and metastatic LN count. Methods: A total of 2,117 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma located in the body and antrum who underwent distal/subtotal gastrectomy with D2 LN dissection between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2008 were enrolled. LN count and number of metastases were determined in the N1 tier (area of D1 dissection) and N2 tier (area of D2 dissection). The lower and upper quartiles of LN counts in the same pN stage were grouped to compare the prognosis and LN positivity according to the LN tier. Results: Stage migration from N1 tier to N2 tier occurred in 3.2% of cases. The 5-year disease-specific survival rates of the upper and lower LN count groups within the N1 tier were 91.0% and 86.7% (P=0.01), respectively. LN positivity in the N2 tier of the lower LN count group was higher than that of the upper LN count group (14.1% vs. 8.2%, P<0.01). Stage migration in the N2 tier of the lower LN count group was also higher than that of the upper LN count group (4.6% vs. 1.8%, P<0.01). Conclusion: The lower LN count group had a decreased survival rate compared to that of the upper LN count group, suggesting that perigastric LN has an immunological defense role in weakening the disseminating power of metastatic tumor cells, as indicated by the LN count.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.423-429
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• 2018

연구목적 본 연구의 목적은 전신진동운동(whole body vibration exercise)이 드랍랜딩점프(drop landing jump) 동작에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것으로 진동운동그룹(n=5, VEG, Vibration Exercise Group)과 단순운동그룹(n=5, OEG, Only Exercise Group)을 4주 동안 트레이닝 시킨 후 운동 전과 운동 4주 후 변화를 비교 분석하였다. 실험방법 3차원 영상 데이터는 10개의 적외선카메라(Vicon, UK)를 샘플링 율, 100 Hz.를 사용하여 획득하였으며, 하지 관절의 파워는 2대의 지면반력기(AMTI, USA)를 샘플링 율 1000Hz.로 데이터를 획득 하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 무게중심의 변동성은 하강국면에서 가장 크게 나타나 점프 후 착지 시 상해위험성이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 진동운동그룹은 훈련기간에 관계없이 단순운동그룹보다 점프높이가 증가하였다. 셋째, 운동그룹간의 관절파워가 4주 훈련 후 엉덩관절 P1(굴곡)과 무릎관절 P2(신전)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으나, 훈련기간에 따른 하지의 관절파워는 모든 국면과 운동그룹에 관계없이 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론 훈련기간에 관계없이 진동과 운동을 병행한 진동운동그룹이 운동만을 수행한 단순운동그룹보다 점프높이에 증가를 가져왔으나 점프높이와 하지의 관절 파워와의 일관성 규명할 수 없었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extracts of Mume Fructus(MF) on the 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil(PTU)-induced rat hypothyroidism.Methods : Aqueous extracts of MF(yield = 19.38%) were administered, once per day for 42 days from 2 weeks before starting of PTU treatment as an oral dose of 300 and 150 ㎎/㎏(body weight), and hypothyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous treatment of PTU 10 ㎎/㎏ for 28 days. The changes in the body weight, thyroid gland weights, liver weight, serum levels of thyroid hormone-thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH), tri-iodothyronine(T₃) and thyroxine(T₄), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL), high density lipoprotein(HDL) and triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), liver antioxidant defense system-lipid peroxidation, H₂O₂, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) were examined with histopathology of thyroid glands and liver.Results : Results were compared with LevoT₄0.5 ㎎/㎏ treated rats. MF extracts recovered from the decreases in the body weight, liver weight, T₃and T₄, TG, liver CAT activities as results of PTU treatment. And MF extracts recovered from the increases of thyroid gland weights, TSH, HDL contents, liver H₂O₂, AST as results of PTU treatment. In addition, these PTU-induced histopathological changes in thyroid glands and liver related to hypothyroidism were dramatically decreased by treatment of both different dosages of MF extract, respectively.Conclusions : According to the above results, it is suggested that MF extracts have advantageous effects on the thyroid hormone productions with beneficial effects on the hypothyroidism related liver injuries mediated by the modulation on the antioxidant system.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.223-234
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• 2000

Objective - To evaluate the usefulness of chromium in erythrocytes as a biological marker of exposure to hexavalent chromium in chromate producers and chrome platers Methods - Blood and urine samples were ramdomly obtained from chromate producers (n=34) and chrome platers (n=35), and non-exposed workers (n=75), chromium level in erythrocytes and plasma, and urine were measured. Different chromium exposure workers were assessed through measurements of airborne hexavalent chromium concentrations using a personal air sampler. Linear associations between variables were evaluated with correlation analysis. Results - The chromate producers had mean chromium levels in erythrocytes five fold as higher than the chrome platers, and fifteen fold higher than non-exposed group. Among the chromium exposed workers, airborne hexavalent chromium was positively and strongly correlated with in erythrocytes (r=0.689, p<0.01), and erythrocytes chromium was inversely correlated with hematocrit (r=-0.441, p<0.01), hemoglobin (r=-0.465, p<0.01) and the number of red blood cells (r=-0.28, p<0.05). Conclusions - In conclusion, this study suggests that chromium in erythrocytes is a good indicator of the chromium body burden caused by exposure to hexavalent chromium.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.298-310
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the laughter therapy program on perceived stress and psycho-neuro-endocrine-immune responses in obese women. Methods: A nonequivalent control group with a pretest-posttest design was used. The participants (n=60), whose age ranged from 30 to 50 years (pre-menopausal and body mass index of over $25kg/m^2$), were assigned to the experimental group (n=24) or control group (n=26). The experimental group was provided with the laughter therapy program (12 sessions) for 6 weeks. Results: There were significant differences in perceived stress, psychological stress response, fasting blood sugar, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha between the two groups after the program. However, there were no significant differences in normalized low frequency (norm LF), normalized high frequency (norm HF), LF/HF ratio, and cortisol between the two groups after the program. Conclusion: It was found that the laughter therapy program had positive effects on some variables in terms of perceived stress and psycho-neuro-endocrine-immuno responses. It is suggested that the laughter therapy in this study can provide the direction for developing a program for obese women.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.5-8
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• 1972

Ordinary biological methods of evaluating protein quality are subjected to various sources of error, such as preliminary feeding, body weight of the animals, length of feeding period, endogenous nitrogen metabolism, etc. (1). Wide variations in the reported data may be partly due to this fact. The author postulated that by applying labelled protein these shortcomings may be avoided and that a balance study using nitrogen-15 would give most reliable data, uninfluenced by other factors which are unavoidable in ordinary balance studies using unlabelled nitrogen (2). However, the most important prerequisite for testing this assumption is to obtain labelled protein. As it has been known long since that chlorella contains a large amount of protein and can be easily cultured in quantity (3, 4), it was thought that labelled protein might be obtained by adding $N^{15}$ into the culture media. In this study it has been tried to find out, therefore, whether it is possible to obtain labelled protein by incorporating $KN^{15}\;O_3$ into the culture fuid and at what stage of growth the incorporation of the label into chlorella occurs.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2001

One of the recent issues in design of the spot-welded structure such as the automobile body is to develop an economical prediction method of the fatigue design criterion without additional fatigue test. In this paper, as one of basic investigation for developing such methods, fracture mechanical approach was investigated. First, the Model I, Mode II and Mode III, stress intensity factors were analyzed. Second, strain energy density factor (S) synthetically including them was calculated. And finally, in order to decide the systematic fatigue design criterion by using this strain energy density factor, fatigue data of the ΔP-N(sub)f obtained on the various in-plane bending type spot-welded lap joints were systematically re-arranged in the ΔS-N(sub)f relation. And its utility and reliability were verified by the theory of Weibull probability distribution function. The reliability of the proposed fatigue life prediction value at 10(sup)7 cycles by the strain energy density factor was estimated by 85%. Therefore, it is possible to decide the fatigue design criterion of spot-welded lap joint instead of the ΔP-N(sub)f relation.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.302-310
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of breastfeeding and factors which affect late preterm infants' (LPIs) breastfeeding according to gestational age. Methods: Participants were LPIs of 34 weeks (n=70), 35 weeks (n=75), and 36 weeks (n=88). Data were collected from July to December, 2011 from four university hospitals in D city. Descriptive statistics and odds ratio were used to compare three groups. Results: The rate of breastfeeding at 1 week after LPIs' discharge was 32.9%, 37.3%, 23.9% at 34, 35 and 36 weeks, respectively. The tendency to breastfeed in LPIs of 34 weeks was lower for LPIs born by Cesarean-section, while it was higher for LPIs with a longer period of breastfeeding during hospitalization and higher body weight at the first day of feeding. The prevalence of breastfeeding in LPIs of 35 weeks and 36 weeks was higher for infants with a history of more frequent breastfeeding during hospitalization. Conclusion: The rate of breastfeeding in LPIs of 36 weeks was the lowest. This study suggests that nurses should give more customized education to mothers with LPIs of 36 weeks during their stay in hospitals.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2009

Objectives: To investigate the effects of Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture on the blood picture and antioxidative activity in rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups; normal control (n=5), pharmacopuncture at CV12 (CV12 group, n=5), and pharmacopuncture at ST36 (ST36 group, n=5) once every other day for 4 weeks. Blood cell counting was performed and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were analyzed. Results: Values of red blood cell and plasma cell volume were significantly higher in the ST36 group than the normal control. Values of hematocrit, total protein, and albumin were not significantly different among groups. White blood cell count and the percentage of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils were not significantly different among groups. However, monocytes and basophils were significantly increased in the ST36, and CV12 groups, respectively. SOD and CAT in the CV12 and ST36 groups were significantly activated than in the normal control group, while the activity of GSH-Px showed no significant difference among groups. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture may have positive impact on antioxidative capacity, thus activate various functions of the body.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2019

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on oxidative stress in the hippocampal tissue and mitochondrial dynamic-related proteins in rats fed a long-term high-fat diet (HFD). [Methods] Obesity was induced in experimental animals using high fat feed, and the experimental groups were divided into a normal diet-control (ND-CON; n=12), a high fat diet-control (HFD-CON; n=12) and a high fat diet-treadmill exercise (HFD-TE; n=12) group. The rats were subsequently subjected to treadmill exercise (progressively increasing load intensity) for 8 weeks (5 min at 8 m/min, then 5 min at 11 m/min, and finally 20 min at 14 m/min). We assessed weight, triglyceride (TG) concentration, total cholesterol (TC), area under the curve, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and AVF/body weight. Western blotting was used to examine expression of proteins related to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics, and immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the immunoreactivity of gp91phox. [Results] Treadmill exercise effectively improved the oxidative stress in the hippocampal tissue, expression of mitochondrial dynamic-related proteins, and activation of NADPH oxidase (gp91phox) and induced weight, blood profile, and abdominal fat loss. [Conclusion] Twenty weeks of high fat diet induced obesity, which was shown to inhibit normal mitochondria fusion and fission functions in hippocampal tissues. However, treadmill exercise was shown to have positive effects on these pathophysiological phenomena. Therefore, treadmill exercise should be considered during prevention and treatment of obesity-induced metabolic diseases.