• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.301-301
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• 1998

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.96-104
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• 2001

The present study experimentally investigates the concentration distribution of liquid and vapor phase with different injection timings in the in-cylinder flow field of a optically accessible engine. The conventional MPI, DOHC engine was modified into DI gasoline engine. The images of liquid and vapor phases in the motoring engine were captured by using exciplex fluorescence method. Dopants used in this study were 2% fluorobenzene and 9% DEMA(diethyl-methyl-amino) in 89% solution of hexane by volume respectively. Two dimensional spray fluorescence images of liquid and vapor phases were acquired to analyze spray behaviors and fuel distribution in the in-cylinder flow field. Measurements were carried out fur four different injection timings, namely BTDC 270$^{\circ}$, 180$^{\circ}$, 90$^{\circ}$, and 50$^{\circ}$. Experimental results indicate that behaviors and distribution of vapor phase were largely affected by in-cylinder tumble flow, and mixture formation process was also greatly affected by in-cylinder flow at early injection mode and by ambient pressure at late injection mode.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.186-191
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• 2016

A liquid chromatographic method for the enantiomer separation of fluoxetine was performed using covalently bonded and coated type polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases (CSPs). The degree of enantioseparation is affected by the used CSPs and mobile phases. The performance of Chiralpak IC was superior to the other CSPs used in this study. Out of various solvent composition and additives, the greatest separation and resolution was observed using Chiralpak IC with mobile phase of 2-propanol in hexane with diethylamine as an additive. Semi-preparative separation of fluoxetine was performed on the analytical Chiralpak IC column to obtain (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine enantiomer with high chemical and optical purity. From the overall study, the developed liquid chromatographic method on polysaccharide-derived CSPs is expected to be very useful for the enantiomer separation of fluoxetine.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1374-1377
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to explore the principle that the joints of the limbs belong to Five Phases in Korean medicine. According to the principle of I-Ching, Ha-Do provides the logic which could attach everything to Five Phases. Ha-Do is composed of the numbers from one through ten, and in order to explain the logic of Universe formation, it furnishes the method of transforming 'immateriality' into 'materiality'. If we apply formation theory of Ha-Do to the joints of the limbs, however, it could be understood that the trunk of body develops the appendages, which means Ha-Do suggests a logic that 'materiality' generates 'materiality' in this case. Therefore, it is not the Water but the Earth that occurs first in the appendages development in this theory, and the shoulder joints belong to the Earth. Following development should occur in order of Five Phases formation of Ha-Do ; that is to say, the elbow joints belong to the Water, the wrist joints belong to the Fire, the finger joints belong to the Wood, and the ends of fingers belong to the Metal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.108-111
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• 2000

Bi2212 and Bi2223 thin films are fabricated by ion beam sputtering method. Three phases of Bi2201, Bi2212 and Bi2223 appear as stable ones in spite of the condition for thin film fabrication of Bi2212 and bi2223 compositions, depending on substrate temperature(T$\sub$sub/) and ozone pressure (PO$_3$). It is found out that these phases show similar T$\sub$sub/ and PO$_3$dependence, and that the stable regions of these phases are limited within very narrow temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.108-111
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• 2000

Bi2212 and Bi2223 thin films are fabricated by ion beam sputtering method. Three phases of Bi2201, Bi2212 and Bi2223 appear as stable ones in spite of the condition for thin film fabrication of Bi2212 and bi2223 compositions, depending on substrate temperature(T$\sub$sub/) and ozone pressure (PO$_3$). It is found out that these phases show similar T$\sub$sub/ and PO$_3$ dependence, and that the stable regions of these phases are limited within very narrow temperature.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 1998

The problem solving processes of elementary school children who are talented in science have been seldom studied. Researchers often resort to thinking aloud method to collect data of problem solving processes. The major purpose of the study is investigating high ability elementary school students' problem solving processes through the analysis of written responses to science problems in everyday context. 67 elementary students were participated Chungcheongbuk-do Elementary Science Contest held on October, 1997. The written responses of the contest participants to science problems in everyday context were analyzed in terms of problem solving processes. The findings of the research are as follows. (1) High ability elementary students use various concepts about air and water in the process of problem solving. (2) High ability elementary students use content specific problem solving strategies. (3) The problem solving processes of the high ability elementary students consist of problem representation, problem solution, and answer stages. Problem representation stage is further divided into translation and integration phases. Problem solving stage is composed of deciding relevant knowledge, strategy, and info..ins phases. (4) High ability elementary students' problem solving processes could be categorized into 11 qualitatively different groups. (5) Students failures in problem solving are explained by many phases of problem solving processes. Deciding relevant knowledge and inferring phases play major roles in problem solving. (6) The analysis of students' written responses, although has some limitations, could provide plenty of information about high ability elementary students' problem solving precesses.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.123-140
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• 2007

This study focuses on establishing theoretically-reasonable framework of evaluation areas and items for the informatization program and analyzing the weights for each area and item by means of the AHP. To obtain the goal of this research, firstly, based on broadly reviewing previous literature and logical reasoning, the evaluation criteria were Identified and conceptualized, which were 3 evaluation phases, 5 evaluation areas, and 22 evaluation items. Secondly, The data used for calculating the weight values for the evaluation criteria were collected from 48 academic and practical experts in the field of the informatization program promotion using internet survey. Thirdly, the relative weights among evaluation phases, evaluation areas, and its items were derived by AHP analysis. The findings of this study are thought not only to be useful as a practical guideline in performing evaluating the informatization program but also to provide significant basis for constructing the theoretical framework of evaluating method and management of the informatization program.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.399-406
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• 1994

The SiC/MoSi2 composite material was prepared by infiltration with the mixture of metal Si and MoSi2 into the preform of $\alpha$-SiC and graphite under the vacuum atmosphere of 10-1 torr. The mechanical properties, phases and microstructural characteristics have been investigated by employing an universal testing machine, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer. With the increase of MoSi2/Si mixing content, the quantity of the residual silicon phase was decreased and the hardness and fracture toughness of composite materials were increased. Also, as the infiltration temperature increased, a lot of fine-grained $\beta$-SiC phases, which were produced from the reaction of graphite and liquid silicon melt, were transformed to $\alpha$-SiC phases.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.524-530
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• 2011

In the present study, we demonstrate that SRM LC-MS/MS method developed by Luo et al. (ref. 10) can be successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of intracellular metabolites in E. coli that are collected at the exponential and stationary growth phases. A focus is given on measuring the changes in the concentrations of intracellular metabolites in batch cultures, which were induced during both the dynamically changing exponential and stationary growth phases. The following intracellular metabolites are quantified in the exponential and stationary phases of E. coli growth, using the SRM mode of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer: glucose-1-phosphate, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate, pyruvate, acetyl-coenzyme A, 6-phosphogluconate, ribulose-5-phosphate, xylulose-5-phosphate, erythrose-4-phosphate. The determined intracellular metabolite concentration profiles are shown to be in a good agreement with the growth profiles of E. coli, which clearly indicates that SRM LC-MS/MS can be successfully used for following the metabolite changes induced at different growth stages.