• 제목/요약/키워드: method of lines

검색결과 3,180건 처리시간 0.031초

Semi-additive 방법을 이용한 폴리이미드 필름 상의 미세 구리배선 제작 시 도금액의 영향 (The Effects of Copper Electroplating Bath on Fabrication of Fine Copper Lines on Polyimide Film Using Semi-additive Method)

  • 변성섭;이재호
    • 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.9-13
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    • 2006
  • COF에 사용되는 구리배선은 폴리이미드 필름에 subtractive 방법을 이용하여 만들어지고 있으나 선폭이 작아짐에 따라 subtractive 방법은 폭방향으로 에칭 현상으로 인하여 사용에 제한이 되고 있다. Semi-additive 방법은 리소그래피 공정과 전기도금범을 사용하여 구리배선을 만드는 방법으로 $10-40{\mu}m$의 좁은 선폭에 대한 연구를 하였다. AZ4620과 PMER900의 두꺼운 PR을 사용하였으며 전기도금법을 이용하여 구리 배선을 형성하였다. 기존의 용액은 높은 잔류응력으로 인하여 구리도금층에 crack이 발생하였으며 via filling에 사용된 도금액을 사용한 경우 잔류응력이 낮아서 crack이 없는 구리배선을 얻을 수 있었다. 기지층의 에칭시 배선의 폭방향으로의 에칭 현상은 관찰되지 않았다.

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2도체 송전선로의 스페이서 취부방식 연구 (A Study on the Spacer Installation Method for 2-Conductor Bundle Transmission Lines)

  • 민병욱;김우겸;최한열;박기용;김원진;박재웅
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
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    • pp.333-334
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    • 2008
  • Overhead transmission lines are classified by the number of sub conductors per phase. Korean transmission lines use two, four, or six-conductor bundle. Bundle of conductors must have spacers or spacer dampers which keep the proper distance between sub conductors. They can prevent conductors from being vibrated or twisted due to the wind. As for the two-conductor bundle, alternating current flow generates absorption force between sub conductors which may cause a collision of sub conductors. To prevent sub conductors from being vibrated, twisted, and collided, spacer or spacer damper installation method is designed considering vibration characteristics of sub conductors. We have spacer installation method for four or six-conductor bundle lines. However, we don't have it for two-conductor bundle ones. So we have installed spacers at regular intervals in two-conductor bundle lines, and it caused rigid body oscillation of conductors due to the wind which made a flashover between conductors. This paper introduces a vibration characteristic analysis of two-conductor bundle and proposes a spacer installation method for two-conductor bundle lines.

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USING CROOKED LINES FOR THE HIGHER ACCURACY IN SYSTEM OF INTEGRAL EQUATIONS

  • Hashemiparast, S.M.;Sabzevari, M.;Fallahgoul, H.
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • 제29권1_2호
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    • pp.145-159
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    • 2011
  • The numerical solution to the linear and nonlinear and linear system of Fredholm and Volterra integral equations of the second kind are investigated. We have used crooked lines which includ the nodes specified by modified rationalized Haar functions. This method differs from using nominal Haar or Walsh wavelets. The accuracy of the solution is improved and the simplicity of the method of using nominal Haar functions is preserved. In this paper, the crooked lines with unknown coefficients under the specified conditions change the system of integral equations to a system of equations. By solving this system the unknowns are obtained and the crooked lines are determined. Finally, error analysis of the procedure are considered and this procedure is applied to the numerical examples, which illustrate the accuracy and simplicity of this method in comparison with the methods proposed by these authors.

Power Frequency Magnetic Field Reduction Method for Residents in the Vicinity of Overhead Transmission Lines Using Passive Loop

  • Lee, Byeong-Yoon;Myung, Sung-Ho;Cho, Yeun-Gyu;Lee, Dong-Il;Lim, Yun-Seog;Lee, Sang-Yun
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • 제6권6호
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    • pp.829-835
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    • 2011
  • A power frequency magnetic field reduction method using passive loop is presented. This method can be used to reduce magnetic fields generated within the restricted area near transmission lines by alternating current overhead transmission lines. A reduction algorithm is described and related equations for magnetic field reduction are explained. The proposed power frequency magnetic field reduction method is applied to a scaled-down transmission line model. The lateral distribution of reduction ratio between magnetic fields before and after passive loop installation is calculated to evaluate magnetic field reduction effects. Calculated results show that the passive loop can be used to cost-effectively reduce power frequency magnetic fields in the vicinity of transmission lines generated by overhead transmission lines, compared with other reduction methods, such as active loop, increase in transmission line height, and power transmission using underground cables.

비축대칭 H-형 및 U-형상의 압출금형 곡면의 자동생성 (Automatic Surface Generation for Extrusion Die of Non-symmetric H-and U-shaped sections)

  • 유동진;임종훈;양동열
    • 소성∙가공
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    • 제12권6호
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    • pp.572-581
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    • 2003
  • In this paper, an automatic surface construction method based on B-spline surface and scalar field theory is proposed to generate the extrusion die surface of non-symmetric H-and U-shaped sections. The isothermal lines and stream lines designed in the scalar field are introduced to find the control points which are used in constructing B-spline surfaces. Intersected points between the isothermal lines and stream lines are used to construct B-spline surfaces. The inlet and outlet profiles are precisely described with B-spline curves by using the centripetal method for uniform parameterization. The extrusion die surface is generated by using the cubic curve interpolation in the u-and v-directions. A quantitative measure for the control of surface is suggested by introducing the tangential vectors at the inlet and outlet sections. To verify the validity of the proposed method, automatic surface generation is carried out for extrusion die of non-symmetric H-and U-shaped sections.

기계 도면의 자동 입력을 위한 치수 집합의 인식 및 분류 (Recognition and classification of dimension set for automatic input of mechanical drawings)

  • 정윤수;박길흠
    • 전자공학회논문지S
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    • 제34S권11호
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    • pp.114-125
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    • 1997
  • This paper presents a method that automatically recognizes dimension sets from the mechanical drawings, and that classifies 6 types dimension sets according to functional purpose. In the proposed method, the object and closed-loop symbols are separated from the character-free drawings. Then object lines and interpretation lines are vectorized. And, after recognizing dimension sets(consistings of arrowhead, shape line, tail lines, extension lines, text-string, and feature control frame), we classify recognized dimension sets as horizontal, vertical, angular, diametral, radial, and leader dimension sets. Finally the proposed method converts classified dimension sets into AutoCAD data by using AutoLisp language. By using the methods of geometric modeling, the proposed method readily recognized and classifies dimension sets from complex drawings. Experimetnal results are presented, which are obtained by applying the proposed method to drawings drawn in compliance with the KS drafting standard.

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지역 및 노선특성을 고려한 철도 직선화 선형 연구 (A Study on the Railway Design of Rectification to linear Alignment Based on Regional and Lines Characteristics)

  • 이희철;김달선
    • 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국철도학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.303-308
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    • 2003
  • Without any doubts, the characteristics of regional, lines and lines section have dominating effects on the railway design of rectification to linear alignment. There are basically many types of characteristics: a) geological condition b) operation plan of lines and lines section c) condition of lines facilities level. The conventional deign method were exclusively used to railway design and construction. However, lot the optimum design, the more detail study are required.

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결합선로의 과도해석과 불균일선로에 잠재된 누화 억압 능력에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Transient Analysis of Coupled Lines and Ability of Crosstalk Suppression Inherent to Nonuniform Lines)

  • 권중훈;이병희;박의준
    • 한국전자파학회논문지
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.464-473
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    • 2000
  • The method is presented which predicts voltage waveforms at each nodes inter-connected arbitrarily on the coupled transmission lines by extracting the node connection condition to be included in the modal telegrapher's equation, hence analyzing the mechanism of waveform propagation on transmission lines. It is shown that it is also possible to analyze efficiently the coupled nonuniform lines. And then the nonuniformity of coupled lines is demonstrated for suppressing the crosstalk spikes using the one-dimensional inverse-scattering control theory. The predicted waveforms by presented method are analyzed and verified by comparison with those by the generalized S-parameter technique.

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광중합형 glass ionomer cement를 포함한 수종 역충전재의 세포주와 검사법에 따른 독성 효과 (CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF RETROGRADE FILLING MATERIALS INCLUDING GLASS IONMER CEMENT ACCORDING TO CELL LINES AND ASSAY METHODS)

  • 임미경;구대회
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.403-424
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    • 1996
  • Cell culture methods have been used to assess the cytotoxicity of dental materials. Different paramaters are used to monitor cytotoxic effects. But it is difficult to compare each investigator's results with different methods. The objective of this study was to investigate cytotoxic effect of several retrograde filling materials according to cell lines and assay methods. Cytotoxicity of Bestalloy (Dogmyung, Korea), Prisma APH(Densply International Inc., U.S.A.), Clearfil FII (Kuraray Co., Japan), Fuji II (GC Co., Japan), Fuji II LC (GC Co., Japan) and IRM (Densply Co., U.S.A.) on L929, 3T3 and KB permanent cell lines was measured. Radiochromium, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release method and colorimetric assays, namely neutral red (NR) and MTT were used. Each material was mixed according to the manufacturer's instruction. They were tested as solid and extracted state. Cell culture media were added to each mixed or solid materials then the solution was collected and used as extract solutions. Solid Fuji II showed mild cytotoxicity on three cell lines using radiochromium release method. There was no difference in cytotoxicity of extract solution group using radiochromium release method. In colorimetric assay immediate Fuji II group and all the IRM groups showed severe cytotoxic effect. Difference in cyctotoxicity was due to rather kinds of cell lines than assay methods. Solid Fuji II and IRM showed mild cytotoxicity on three cell lines. But extract solutions had different cytotoxic effect according to cell lines using LDH release assay. Light-cured glass ionomer had mild to moderate degree of cytotoxicity on three cell lines. Cytotoxicity was affected by specimen prepaton. Susceptibility of each cell ines were also affected by assay emthods. It was suggested that cytotoxicity study using only one cell line and/or assay method might not accurately reflect the real toxic nature of dental biomaterials.

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런길이 부호화를 이용한 지문융선 분류 (Classification of Fingerprint Ridge Lines Using Runlength Codes)

  • 이정환;노석호;김윤호
    • 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국해양정보통신학회 2004년도 춘계종합학술대회
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    • pp.468-471
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    • 2004
  • 본 논문에서는 런길이부호화를 이용하여 지문영상의 융선을 분류하는 방법을 연구하였다. 자동지문인식 시스템에서 단점, 분기점과 같은 특징점을 검출하기 위해 지문영상의 융선을 분류할 필요가있다. 본 논문에서는 분할된 지문영상을 런길이 부호화를 이용하여 지문융선을 분류하는 방법을 제안한다. 또한 융선의 분류와 동시에 각 런의 중심점을 연결하는 지문 세선화과정이 수행되고, 분기점 및 단점이 포함된 특징영역을 동시에 검출할 수 있다. 제안방법의 성능평가를 위해 지문영상을 사용하여 분기점 및 단점을 포함하는 특징영역을 검출하고, 동시에 지문융선을 분류할 수 있음을 보였다.

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