• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2018

Background: Roots of Withania somnifera (WS) are a celebrated medicinal ingredient in Ayurvedic and many other indigenous systems of medicine. The present study investigates the effect of the phytochemical composition of the extracts on their antioxidant and reducing activities. Methods: WS roots were extracted with water, acetone, aqueous methanol (1:1), and methanol:-chloroform:water (1:1:1) to obtain aqueous, acetone, hydro-methanolic, and methanol-chloroform-water extracts. Thereafter, phytochemical constitution and antioxidant and reducing activities of the extracts were compared using different qualitative and quantitative tests. Results: Maximum extraction recovery was obtained with 50% aqueous methanol whereas extraction with acetone yielded the poorest recovery. Methanol-chloroform-water extract had the highest content of phytochemical constituents, except tannins, and also exhibited the highest antioxidant and reducing activities. Conclusion: Phytochemical composition and antioxidant and reducing activities of the extracts were positively associated with the use of organic solvents during the extraction process. Alkaloids and flavonoids were the most important contributors in the antioxidant and reducing activities of the extracts.

• 생약학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.255-259
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• 2008

This study was investigated antioxidant and anticancer activity of water, methanol extract from upper and root part of Taraxacum mongolicum H. Total phenolic compound contents of methanol and water extracts from upper part were $51.95{\pm}0.18$ mg/g and $48.16{\pm}0.89$ mg/g respectively, and total flavonoid compound contents were estimated as $20.57{\pm}1.12$ mg/g in methanol extract and $6.55{\pm}1.20$ mg/g in water extract. $EC_{50}$ values for DPPH radical scavenging activity of methanol and water extract from upper part were $138.47{\pm}3.78{\mu}g/mL$ and $204.38{\pm}5.32{\mu}g/mL$, and methanol and water extracts from root part were as $512{\pm}8.11{\mu}g/mL$ in methanol extract and $1315.05{\pm}11.98{\mu}g/mL$ in water extract. Reducing power and hydroxyl radical $({\bullet}OH)$ scavenging activity estimated that methanol extract of each part were higher than water extracts. The cell viability showed that the methanol extract from upper part had a cytotoxicity in the growth of colon carcinoma cell (44.58%). Both water extract $(51.97{\pm}11.43%)$ from upper part and methanol $(53.46{\pm}19.77%)$, water $(52.79{\pm}13.53%)$ extracts from root part had quite higher cytotoxicity than that of methanol extract $(88.25{\pm}2.02%)$ from upper part. Based on the results, It was suggested that the methanol extract of Taraxacum mongolicum H. were potential materials for use as functional food and medicine.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 식중독 유발세균에 대한 항균활성이 우수한 천연 항균성 물질을 검색하기 위해 예로부터 민간과 한방에서 널리 이용되어 온 백화사설초를 각종 유기용매로 추출하여 식중독 유발세균에 대한 항균활성을 조사해 보았다. 백화사설초를 petroleum ether, chloroform, ethly acetate, methanol를 이용하여 실온에서 각각 용매 별로 계통 분획하고, 열수추출물을 얻은 후, 9종의 식중독 유발세균(Staphylococcus aureus, nacillus cereus, Salmonella enteritidis, Shigella nexneri, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sonnei)에 대하여 항균효과를 조사하였다 백화사설초 추출물의 농도별 항균 활성 검색에서는 백화사설초의 methanol추출물이 가장 큰 항균 효과를 보였으며 S. aureus와 S. flexneri가 가장 민감하게 반응하는 균주였다. 백화사설초의 methanol추출물과 산두근의 ethyl acetate추출물을 혼합하여 항균력을 측정해 본 결과 두 추출물을 섞어 첨가했을 경우가 단독으로 사용했을 시보다 상승효과를 나타내었다. 또한 백화사설초의 methanol추출물이 식중독 유발세균의 성장에 미치는 효과를 검정하기 위해 S. aureus 및 S. Typhimurium의 배양액에 백화사설초의 methanol 추출물을 각각 4,000 ppm농도로 첨가했을 시, S. aureus의 생육이 36시간 이상까지 억제됨을 관찰할 수 있었고, S. Typhimurium의 생육도 24시간까지 지연시킬 수 있었다. 이상의 결과 백화사설초의 methanol추출물은 S. aureus와 S. Typhimurium의 성장을 효과적으로 억제시킴을 알 수 있었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.392-399
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• 2014

산사에 함유되어 있는 생리활성 물질의 특성을 알아보고 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, chloroform:methanol(CM, 2:1, v/v), n-butanol 및 ethyl acetate(EA)의 5가지 용매를 사용하여 추출한 추출물의 용매별 항산화 활성 측정을 통하여 산사의 항산화 활성 및 천연 기능성 식품 재료로서의 가치를 검토하고자 본 실험을 수행하였다. 산사 과육의 total phenol 함량은 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, CM, EA, n-butanol 추출물 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 특히 70% methanol 및 70% ethanol 추출물은 각각 71.46 mg/g, 70.41 mg/g의 높은 함량을 보였다. Total flavonoid 함량은 CM(1.63 mg/g), n-butanol(1.59 mg/g), 70% methanol(1.26 mg/g), 70% ethanol(1.26 mg/g) 및 EA(1.12 mg/g) 순으로 높게 측정되었다. $NO_2$ radical 소거 활성은 total phenol 함량과 동일한 경향으로 나타났으며, ${\beta}$-carotene에서의 항산화 활성은 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, n-butanol, CM, EA 추출물, superoxide dismutase(SOD) 유사 활성은 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, CM, n-butanol, EA 추출물 순으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 대부분 70% methanol 및 70% ehtnaol 추출물에서 활성이 높게 측정되었으며, 이는 산사 속에 함유되어 있는 total phenol 및 flavonoid와 같은 항산화 성분 때문인 것으로 추정되며, 특히 total phenol에 의한 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 산사는 항산화제 및 기능성 식품 소재로 활용 가능성이 높을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2005

4종류의 식품 위해 세균 Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Esherichia coli과 김치 부패에 관여하는 곰팡이 Aspergillus sp. Penicillium sp.에 대하여 김치 재료에 의한 항균성을 조사하였다. Paper disc method로 측정한 생육저해환 결과 4 종류의 세균에 대하여 각 재료의 methanol 추출물들은 E. coli에 대해서 재료에 따라 약간의 차이는 있으나 약 20.00 mm에 가까운 항균성을 보이는 경향을 알 수 있었으며 생강과 양파는 다른 재료와 비교해볼 때 형성된 clear zone의 크기가 작은 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 곰팡이에 대한 결과 Aspergillus sp.과 Penicillium sp.에 대하여 마늘 추출물이 가장 우수하였고, 생강 추출물과 무 추출물도 우수한 항균 작용을 나타내었다. S. typhimurium에 대하여 농도별 생육저해는 무, 양파 추출물이 균의 중식이 활발히 일어나는 대수중식기인 4$\~$12시간 사이에 생육을 억제하는 것으로 나타났고 고춧가루 추출물도 1,000 ppm의 농도에서 S. typhimurium의 생육을 크게 억제하는 것으로 나타났으며 L. monocytogenes의 생육에 미치는 영향은 S. typhimurium에 대한 결과 유사하였으며 paper disc로 조사한 생육 저해환의 결과와 일치하는 경향을 보였다. 반면 전체적으로 김치 재료 methanol 추출물은 S. aureus 생육 저해에 큰 영향을 미치지 못했으나 특별히 1,000 ppm 농도의 마늘 추출물이 S. aureus 생육에 있어서 유도기를 8시간까지 상당히 연장시켰다. Esherichia coli의 생육에 미치는 영향을 paper disc method로 측정한 생육저해환의 결과에서 대부분의 김치 재료 methanol 추출물이 우수한 항균성을 나타낸 것과 같이 농도별 생육 곡선을 측정한 결과에서도 미약하지만 모든 추출물에서 생육 억제 효과를 나타내었다. 최소저해농도(MIC)는 고춧가루 추출물이 L. monocytogenes에 대하여 500 $\mu$g/mL로 가장 낮은 값을 보였다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2005

Objectives : In order to develop effective and safe anti-oxidation, the effects of Menthae Herba (M. spicata L. and M piperita L.) were examined. Methods : M. spicata L. and M. piperita L. of Menthae Herba were used to make water extracts and methanol extracts, and then its anti-oxidative effects were compared in vitro. Results : 1. M. spicata L. was stronger than M. piperita L. in anti-oxidative effects of methanol extracts, and water extracts showed similar anti-oxidation effects. 2. Water extracts of M. spicata L. was stronger than M. piperita L. showed a stronger superoxide anit-oxidation than the same-density ascorbic acid, so that water extracts were proved to be stronger than methanol extracts. 3. Methanol extracts' DPPH anti-oxidation was similar in M. spicata L. and M piperita L.. As for water extracts, M. spicata L. showed higher anti-oxidation and M. piperita L. had no anti-oxidation. 4. As for anti-oxidation of LDL and linoleic acid of methanol extracts, both M. spicata L. and M. piperita L. were stronger than a-tocopherol. As for the water extracts, these two showed similar level of anti-oxidative effect on linoleic acid, which is weaker that mehtanol extracts. 5. M. spicata L. includes more phenol than M. piperita L. Conclusions : Menthae Herba (M. piperita L. M. spicata L.) had anti-oxidation effect, so that it can be medically developed for anti-oxidation.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.496-505
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• 2009

The influence of roasting time on antibacterial and antioxidative effects of methanol and water coffee extracts was investigated. Extract yield differed with roasting time. The maximum yield of methanol extract was 20.02% and 24.00% at respective roasting times of 12 and 20 min. The maximum yield of water extracts was 2.70% and 18.58% at 5 and 25 min roasting time, respectively. Antibacterial effects of each extract were determined by the classical minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) paper disc diffusion method. Methanol extracts of different coffee samples inhibited growth of various strains except Escherichia coli. Extracts obtained following roasting times of 12, 14, 16, 20, and 25 min in particular displayed the most potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Among these extracts, that obtained from 12 min roasted coffee samples produced a MIC of $16.125{\mu}g$/mL against S. aureus. Water extracts applied at $1,000{\mu}g$/mL were growth inhibitory except against Salmonella choleraesuis and Prevotella intermedia. However, growth inhibition by water extracts was weak, with inhibitory zones of only 6-8 mm diameter produced. Determinations of free radical elimination for the different coffee extracts using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl were compared with ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene positive controls. Methanol and water extracts of different coffee samples ($100{\mu}g$/mL) showed $67.1{\sim}92.3%$ and $66.4{\sim}93.3%$ radical scavenging activity, respectively. However, longer roasting time (especially >20 min) tended to somewhat lower free radical elimination using both extracts. Total phenol in different coffee samples measured by the Folin-Denis method revealed the highest level of phenol contents with non-roasted coffee, whereas phenol content differed with different roasting time, ranging from $87.{\sim}126.5\;mg/g$ in methanol extracts. In water extracts, the phenol content was maximum at 8 min roasting time, whereas in other samples the content was varied from $95.0{\sim}199.1\;mg/g$.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.321-327
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• 1997

The antimutagenic effects of juices and methanol extracts from cruciferous vegetables (cabbage, red cabbage, Korean cabbage, kale, cauliflower, broccoli, radish root, leafy radish, rape leaves and shepherd's purse) on the mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin B1(AFB1) and N-methyl-N'-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) were studied using Salmonella assay system. In the case of juices from the cruciferous vegetables, the juices of cabbage, kale, cauliflower and radish root in the concentrations of 50, 200 and 500 ${mu}ell$/plate considerably decreased the mutagenicity induced by AFB1, and the juices of cabbage and broccoli in the concentrations of 200 and 500${mu}ell$/plate significantly reduced the mutagenicity induced by MNNG. The antimutagenic activities of the juices against AFB1 were stronger than those against MNNG. In the case of methanol extracts from the cruciferous vegetables, the methanol extracts of kale, broccoli and shepherd'purse appeared to inhibit the mutagenicity induced by AFB1 and MNNG in Salmonella typhimurium test strains. The effects of the juices against mutagens quite different from ones of the methanol extracts. The juice of cabbage showed antimutagenicity, but its methanol extract was less effective. However, both juices and methanol extracts from kale and broccoli exhibited strong antimutagenic activities against the mutagens.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.240-245
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• 1999

Growth inhibitory effect of doenjang(Korean soypaste) methanol extracts in SRB assay using AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cell, Hep 3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cell and HT 29 human colon cancer cell was studied. The treatment of doenjang methanol extracts(2mg/assay) to the AGS, Hep 3B and HT 29 cancer cells inhibited the growth of the cancer cells by 55%, 60%, and 71%, respectively. Doenjang methanol extracts exhibited the highest inhibitory effect among other soybean fermented foods and original materials in the SRB assay. In addition, to separate active compounds of doenjang methanol extracts, we fractionated the doenjang with hexane, methanol, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and butanol. Growth inhibitory effect on the AGS, Hep 3B, HT 29 and MG 63 cancer cells was the highest in the fractions of dichloromethane and ethylacetate among other solvent fractions of the doenjang. These results showed that some compounds contained in the fractions of dichloromethane and ethylacetate might play a role on the anticanceric effect of doenjang.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.160-164
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• 2008

Potential antioxidant activities of methanol and water extracts of Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense (CJ) leaves were examined. The reducing power and hydroxyl raical-scavenging activity assays showed that the methanol extract had a significantly higher activity than the water extract. In addition, the methanol extract showed a concentration-dependent reducing power, ranging from 0.228 to 1.072($0.1{\sim}0.5\;mg/mL$), as well as a high DPPH free radical-scavenging activity($EC_{50}=40.25\;{\mu}/mL$). The total phenolic(as tannic acid) and flavonoid(as quercetin) contents of the extract were 62.41 mg/g and 13.48 mg/g, respectively. The cytotoxic activity indicated that the methanol extract has an inhibition activity in the stomach carcinoma cell (35.40%), suggesting that the methanol extract of CJ leaves could be used as a potential source of pharmaceutical material.